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Engineering Proceedings
Volume 131
Issue 1
10.3390/engproc2026131022
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Proceeding Paper

KPI-Based Evaluation of L2/L3 ADAS: Transient Phases with Human Reference †

by
Leandro Ronchi
1,*,
Luca Veneroso
1,
Alessio Anticaglia
1,
Claudio Annicchiarico
2 and
Renzo Capitani
1
1
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIEF), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, FI, Italy
2
Meccanica 42 srl, Via Ezio Tarantelli 15, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 54th Conference of the Italian Scientific Society of Mechanical Engineering Design (AIAS 2025), Florence, Italy, 3–6 September 2025.
Eng. Proc. 2026, 131(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026131022
Published: 31 March 2026
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 54th Conference of the Italian Scientific Society of Mechanical Engineering Design (AIAS 2025))
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Abstract

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are rapidly evolving to improve driving safety and comfort, in line with the European Community’s Vision Zero objectives. However, current validation methods mainly focus on steady-state conditions and regulatory compliance, while standardized KPIs capable of capturing vehicle dynamics during transient maneuvers and relating them to human driving behavior are still lacking. This study proposes a KPI-based methodology to evaluate lane centering systems in both steady-state and transient conditions, using a human driver as a reference. New parameters—aggressiveness and smoothness indices—are introduced to quantify the dynamic response. Simulator and constant-speed vehicle tests highlight the differences between ADAS strategies and human behavior, providing insights into comfort and acceptance.
Keywords: ADAS systems; lane centering; transient maneuvers; key performance indicator; offline simulation ADAS systems; lane centering; transient maneuvers; key performance indicator; offline simulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ronchi, L.; Veneroso, L.; Anticaglia, A.; Annicchiarico, C.; Capitani, R. KPI-Based Evaluation of L2/L3 ADAS: Transient Phases with Human Reference. Eng. Proc. 2026, 131, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026131022

AMA Style

Ronchi L, Veneroso L, Anticaglia A, Annicchiarico C, Capitani R. KPI-Based Evaluation of L2/L3 ADAS: Transient Phases with Human Reference. Engineering Proceedings. 2026; 131(1):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026131022

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ronchi, Leandro, Luca Veneroso, Alessio Anticaglia, Claudio Annicchiarico, and Renzo Capitani. 2026. "KPI-Based Evaluation of L2/L3 ADAS: Transient Phases with Human Reference" Engineering Proceedings 131, no. 1: 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026131022

APA Style

Ronchi, L., Veneroso, L., Anticaglia, A., Annicchiarico, C., & Capitani, R. (2026). KPI-Based Evaluation of L2/L3 ADAS: Transient Phases with Human Reference. Engineering Proceedings, 131(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026131022

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