Implementation Challenges of Nature-Based Solutions: The Way forward? ^†

The concept of nature-based solutions (NBSs) is widely addressed in the recent research agenda. The lack of understanding of what it really means in practice resulted in numerous commentaries [1,2]. If asking experts, what particular measures they consider under this term, very heterogeneous answers are received. However, the declared transdisciplinarity of the NBS concept indicates that stakeholder understanding of what needs to be done is needed, too. The contribution is focused on measures relevant for the restoration of floodplains to reduce the risk of downstream flooding their types, and implementation barriers as perceived by experts in numerous European countries. Further, the challenges of privately initiated NBSs are discussed [3]. Under what circumstances do owners of the land serve as initiators (and funders) of NBSs? What (if any) barriers do they face?