European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

10 pages, 2418 KB

Open AccessArticle

Placebo Effects on the Enjoyment of Physical Activity and Performance among Kindergarten Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Marlies Stopper, Albert Wabnegger and Anne Schienle

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2435-2444; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080161 - 22 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3031

Abstract

Studies with adults and school children have shown that placebos can enhance motivation and performance in physical activities. This study aimed to investigate whether similar effects are present in kindergarten-aged children. A total of 101 children (58 girls, 43 boys) aged 3 to [...] Read more.

Studies with adults and school children have shown that placebos can enhance motivation and performance in physical activities. This study aimed to investigate whether similar effects are present in kindergarten-aged children. A total of 101 children (58 girls, 43 boys) aged 3 to 6 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups that either received a deceptive placebo (DP: “magic potion”) or a nondeceptive placebo (NDP: “water”) to enhance physical abilities. Each child completed three tasks (sprinting; balancing: standing on a balance board; strength: using a handheld dynamometer) both with and without the placebo. The variables assessed included task performance, enjoyment, and expected and perceived placebo efficacy (measured with nonverbal pictorial rating scales). Results showed that both the DP and NDP increased speed. For strength, balance, and task enjoyment (which was very high), no placebo-induced changes were observed. Expected efficacy was higher for the DP; perceived efficacy did not differ between DP and NDP. In conclusion, reported outcome expectations indicated that kindergarten-aged children were already able to differentiate between the two types of placebos which exhibited positive effects concerning running performance. This encourages further research on using nondeceptive placebos to enhance physical activity, which is crucial for children’s overall health. Full article

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18 pages, 2404 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of University Social Capital on Working Students’ Dropout Intentions: Insights from Estonia

by Mohammad Abu Sayed Toyon

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2417-2434; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080160 - 19 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1770

Abstract

This study investigates the role of social capital within the university context in retaining working students. It specifically examines the effects of university social capital factors—such as teacher–student relationships, peer networks, and support services—on the dropout intentions of working students, emphasizing the mediating [...] Read more.

This study investigates the role of social capital within the university context in retaining working students. It specifically examines the effects of university social capital factors—such as teacher–student relationships, peer networks, and support services—on the dropout intentions of working students, emphasizing the mediating role of employability trust. Using a sample of 1902 working students from the Eurostudent VII survey, this study employed factor analysis techniques and structural equation modeling to derive its findings. The results indicated that university social capital significantly reduces dropout intentions among working students. Strong teacher–student relationships, satisfaction with support services, robust peer networks, and high employability trust positively influence this social capital. There is a statistically significant negative association between teacher–student relationships, peer networks, employability trust, and dropout intentions. Furthermore, the findings reveal that without enhancing students’ employability trust, the effectiveness of support services might be limited. These findings not only contribute to the discourse on student retention and the development of university social capital but also provide practical insights for higher education strategies aimed at supporting working students. Full article

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13 pages, 906 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Internalizing Mental Health Symptoms from Early Childhood to Late Adolescence

by Ioannis G. Katsantonis

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2404-2416; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080159 - 18 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2698

Abstract

Children’s mental health symptoms’ development can be characterized by both continuity and discontinuity. However, existing studies ignore the potential discontinuity in children’s internalizing symptoms’ development. Hence, the current study examines continuous and discontinuous developmental trajectories using representative data from a sample of 2792 [...] Read more.

Children’s mental health symptoms’ development can be characterized by both continuity and discontinuity. However, existing studies ignore the potential discontinuity in children’s internalizing symptoms’ development. Hence, the current study examines continuous and discontinuous developmental trajectories using representative data from a sample of 2792 children (49.10% females) from the Growing Up in Australia cohort assessed seven times (ages 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16). Longitudinal measurement invariance analyses revealed that internalizing symptoms were comparable over time. Linear, quadratic, and piecewise latent growth curve models were deployed to estimate the trajectory of internalizing symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence. The analyses showed that internalizing symptoms were characterized by a quadratic-quadratic piecewise growth curve comprising two distinct phases of upward concave growth. Internalizing scores reduced steadily between ages 4 and 8 years but exhibited a slight upward curvature between ages 8 and 10 years. By age 14 years, the trajectory remained relatively stable but spiked between age 14 and 16 years. The two phases of internalizing symptoms’ development were largely unrelated. Overall, the study adds to the knowledge about the development of internalizing mental health from early childhood to late adolescence and highlights the need for additional support in late adolescence. Full article

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14 pages, 577 KB

Open AccessArticle

Social Anxiety among Middle-Aged Teachers in Secondary Education Schools

by Lihan Guo, Ratanaporn Awiphan, Tinakon Wongpakaran, Penkarn Kanjanarat and Danny Wedding

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2390-2403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080158 - 18 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2683

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms (SASs) and its associated factors among middle-aged teachers in secondary education schools. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024 among 341 secondary education schoolteachers aged 45–59 [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms (SASs) and its associated factors among middle-aged teachers in secondary education schools. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024 among 341 secondary education schoolteachers aged 45–59 in Chiang Mai, Thailand, involving an online survey. Effects of psychosocial variables on SASs were investigated, including attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, neuroticism and extraversion personality traits, loneliness, perceived social stress, job burnout, and anxiety and depression. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of SASs. Results: This study found that 98 out of 341 (28.7%) teachers presented SASs. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status (β = 0.103, 95% CI [0.437, 3.404]), income (β = 0.087, 95% CI [0.049, 3.758]), extraversion (β = −0.179, 95% CI [−0.573, −0.198]), attachment anxiety (β = 0.165, 95% CI [0.106, 0.359]), attachment avoidance (β = 0.145, 95% CI [0.066, 0.243]), depression (β = 0.242, 95% CI [0.248, 0.862]), loneliness (β = 0.182, 95% CI [0.099, 0.580]), and perceived social stress (β = 0.235, 95% CI [0.131, 0.373]) were significant predictors of SASs, explaining 51.1% of the variance. Conclusion: This study discovered a relatively high prevalence of SASs among middle-aged secondary schoolteachers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Exploring the Interplay of Psychology and Work-Related Health and Well-Being)

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13 pages, 687 KB

Open AccessArticle

Affective Regulation and Trait Anger Personalities: The Buffering Effect of the Companion Animal Bond

by Vincenzo Bochicchio, Cristiano Scandurra, Pasquale Dolce, Anna Scandurra, Maria Francesca Freda and Selene Mezzalira

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2377-2389; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080157 - 18 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1721

Abstract

Emotional dysregulation involving anger can have severe consequences on the individual’s psychosocial and emotional functioning. This study aimed to investigate the role that the companion animal bond and the personality dimension of trait anger play in explaining affective dysregulation. A cross-sectional online survey [...] Read more.

Emotional dysregulation involving anger can have severe consequences on the individual’s psychosocial and emotional functioning. This study aimed to investigate the role that the companion animal bond and the personality dimension of trait anger play in explaining affective dysregulation. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 365 participants. Using the PROCESS macro for SPSS, a moderated model was tested to analyze the hypothesis that affective dysregulation depends on trait anger and that the companion animal bond moderates the relationship between trait anger and affective dysregulation. The results showed that the effect of trait anger on affective dysregulation increases especially when the degree of bonding to an animal companion is low, suggesting that a strong bond to a companion animal may protect individuals with trait anger from the likelihood of experiencing affective regulation problems. The psychological, health-related, and educational implications of the current anthrozoological study include the potential of the human–animal bond in acting as a facilitator of adaptive affective regulation processes, which can reduce the levels of uncontrolled anger-related emotions and the subsequent risk of out-of-control behaviors. Full article

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19 pages, 1099 KB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Teacher Awareness of Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Case Study from Northern Cyprus

by Ahmet Güneyli, Nazım Serkan Burgul, Sonay Dericioğlu, Nazan Cenkova, Sinem Becan, Şeyma Elif Şimşek and Hüseyin Güneralp

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2358-2376; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080156 - 12 Aug 2024

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6980

Abstract

This study investigates the level of awareness among teachers regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, focusing on whether this awareness varies according to socio-demographic characteristics, access to technology, and specific knowledge and beliefs about AI. Conducted in Northern Cyprus during [...] Read more.

This study investigates the level of awareness among teachers regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, focusing on whether this awareness varies according to socio-demographic characteristics, access to technology, and specific knowledge and beliefs about AI. Conducted in Northern Cyprus during the 2023–2024 academic year, this study employed a survey model with purposive and snowball sampling methods, involving 164 teachers. Teachers at different levels, namely, primary school, secondary school, high school, and university, were included in this study. The “Artificial Intelligence Awareness Scale”, developed by Ferikoğlu and Akgün (2022), was used to measure AI awareness. Data normality was verified through skewness and kurtosis values, allowing for parametric statistical tests such as t-tests, one-way ANOVA, logistic regression, and chi-square analysis. This study explored the distribution of AI use across different school types and educational levels and assessed the impact of sub-dimensions of AI awareness on its application in teaching. Findings revealed no significant influence of teacher demographics (age, gender, education level, type of school, institution level, and monthly income) on AI awareness. However, usage patterns indicated that university lecturers were more likely to incorporate AI in their teaching, followed by primary and high school teachers, with secondary school teachers using it the least. A Multilayer Neural Network Analysis identified practical knowledge as the most critical factor influencing the use of AI in teaching (importance weight of 0.450), followed by beliefs and attitudes (0.298), relatability (0.148), and theoretical knowledge (0.104). These results highlight the importance of practical knowledge for fostering AI integration in educational practices, underscoring significant implications for teacher training and professional development programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Field or Education)

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21 pages, 3162 KB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Vitamin D Insufficiency, Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Healthy Women Aged 18–50 Years

by Ilham Lhilali, Noura Zouine, Lode Godderis, Adil El Midaoui, Samir El Jaafari and Younes Filali-Zegzouti

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2337-2357; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080155 - 9 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3077

Abstract

Although vitamin D insufficiency has been correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are few data on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and atherogenic indices predictive of CVD. This study investigated the relationship of vitamin D status with lipid [...] Read more.

Although vitamin D insufficiency has been correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are few data on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and atherogenic indices predictive of CVD. This study investigated the relationship of vitamin D status with lipid profile and atherogenic indices in adult women in Morocco. Three hundred women aged 18 to 50 years from Meknes were included. Fasting 25(OH)D and lipid concentrations were assayed by a one-step electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay and an enzymatic method, respectively. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), Castelli risk indices I and II (CRI-I and II), and CHOLIndex (CI)) were calculated using conventional lipid parameters. Logistic regression models and operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used to assess the relationship of the variables and estimate the threshold of 25(OH)D levels associated with high atherogenic indices. 25(OH) D below 20 ng/mL was significantly associated with an enhanced risk of hypertriglyceridemia and elevated values of AIP, AC, non-HDL-C, and CRI-I with an OR (95% CI) of 4.904 (1.856–12.959), 3.637 (2.149–6.158), 3.589 (1.673–7.700), 2.074 (1.215–3.540), and 2.481 (1.481–4.123), respectively. According to the ROC analysis, the likelihood of hypertriglyceridemia and high values of AIP, AC, non-HDL-C, and CRI-I were associated with 25(OH)D thresholds ≤15.15 ng/mL, ≤17.5 ng/mL, ≤19.8 ng/mL, ≤20.1 ng/mL, and ≤19.5 ng/mL, respectively, all p < 0.01. Based on the atherogenic indices, this study indicates that vitamin D below 20 ng/mL may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adult women. Additional health measures are essential to raise awareness among women and health professionals of preventing and controlling cardiovascular risk factors, particularly among young individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Research in Clinical and Health Contexts)

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23 pages, 1918 KB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Inclusion among Community Older Adults in the Republic of Korea: Measuring Digital Skills and Health Consequences

by Thet Htoo Pan, Myo Nyein Aung, Eun Woo Nam, Yuka Koyanagi, Hocheol Lee, Li Li, Myat Yadana Kyaw, Nadila Mulati, Saiyud Moolphate, Carol Ma Hok Ka, Jan A. G. M. van Dijk and Motoyuki Yuasa

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2314-2336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080154 - 8 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 9162

Abstract

Many older adults are increasingly embracing digital technology in the Republic of Korea. This study investigated the relationship between the digital skills of Korean older adults and their perceived health status and digital technology application for health promotion. This mixed-method study comprised a [...] Read more.

Many older adults are increasingly embracing digital technology in the Republic of Korea. This study investigated the relationship between the digital skills of Korean older adults and their perceived health status and digital technology application for health promotion. This mixed-method study comprised a community survey of 434 older adults aged ≥65 in two cities in South Korea, followed by focus group interviews. Five types of digital skills, ‘operational internet skills’, ‘information navigation skills’, ‘social skills’, ‘creative skills’, and ‘mobile skills’, were measured using the LSE digital skill measurement instrument. Multivariable analysis identified the influence of digital skills on health-related outcomes. Among them, ‘social skills’ associated positively with self-rated health (β 0.37, 95%CI 0.08, 0.65). ‘Information navigation skills’ contributed positively to the use of digital technology and the internet for a healthy lifestyle in terms of improving eating habits (β 0.43, 95%CI 0.09, 0.77), accessing healthcare (β 0.53, 95%CI 0.21, 0.85), and accessing long-term care services (β 0.45, 95%CI 0.11, 0.79). Thematic analysis revealed that the study participants use Korean language-based resources such as Naver and Kakao Talk for social connection to promote a healthy lifestyle. This study concludes that encouraging initial and sustained use of the internet and enhancing digital skills among Korean older adults can promote active and healthy aging. Full article

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14 pages, 882 KB

Open AccessArticle

Reduced Income and Its Associations with Physical Inactivity, Unhealthy Habits, and Cardiac Complications in the Hypertensive Population

by Lucía Carrasco-Marcelo, Damián Pereira-Payo, María Mendoza-Muñoz and Raquel Pastor-Cisneros

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2300-2313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080153 - 7 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2221

Abstract

(1) Background: A low socioeconomic status significantly increases the risk of hypertension and its associated cardiovascular diseases due to limited access to healthcare and may be even more accentuated by the presence of unhealthy lifestyle habits. The aim of the present research was [...] Read more.

(1) Background: A low socioeconomic status significantly increases the risk of hypertension and its associated cardiovascular diseases due to limited access to healthcare and may be even more accentuated by the presence of unhealthy lifestyle habits. The aim of the present research was to study if associations exist between having a family income under the poverty threshold and having an unhealthy diet, being physically inactive, being an alcohol drinker, perceiving one’s own health as bad, and suffering from congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, or stroke. Additionally, the odds ratios of having these unhealthy habits and of suffering from the abovementioned cardiac complications of participants under the poverty threshold were calculated. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2020. The sample comprised 6120 adults with hypertension (3188 males and 2932 females). A descriptive analysis and non-parametric chi-squared tests were used to study the associations. A binary logistic regression model and backward LR method were used to calculate the odds ratios, normalized by age and sex. (3) Results: The chi-squared test showed associations between having a family income under the poverty threshold and being physically inactive (p < 0.001), having an unhealthy diet (p < 0.001), being an alcohol drinker (p < 0.001), perceiving one’s own health as bad (p < 0.001), and suffering from congestive heart failure (p = 0.002), heart attack (p = 0.001), or stroke (p = 0.02). A significantly increased odds ratio for these unhealthy habits and cardiac complications, and also for having coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, were found for hypertension sufferers under the poverty threshold. (4) Conclusions: It was confirmed that having a family income under the poverty threshold is associated with perceiving one’s own health as bad, having a series of negative habits in terms of physical activity, diet, and alcohol consumption, and with suffering from congestive heart failure, heart attack, or stroke. Increased odds ratios for these unhealthy habits and these conditions, plus coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, were found for hypertension sufferers under the poverty threshold. Full article

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18 pages, 20070 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing EFL (English as Foreign Language) Education for Sustainable Development: Exploring the Cultural Teaching Literature

by Shujie Wu and Zahid Shafait

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2282-2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080152 - 7 Aug 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3203

Abstract

Cultural teaching is the underlying core component of English as Foreign Language (EFL) education. Although the previous literature has intensely studied this theme, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research characteristics and trends in this field is still lacking regarding cultural teaching in EFL [...] Read more.

Cultural teaching is the underlying core component of English as Foreign Language (EFL) education. Although the previous literature has intensely studied this theme, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research characteristics and trends in this field is still lacking regarding cultural teaching in EFL education. This study aims to explore the research distribution, research hot topics, and research the trends of EFL cultural teaching by conducting a bibliometric analysis of 358 articles on Web of Science using CiteSpace. The analysis leads to the following three findings: (a) The countries that teach EFL prevail in terms of number of publications but lag behind in terms of research influence, and a global academic community has not taken shape. (b) Interculturality is the central theme, encompassing a range of related topics such as intercultural competence, intercultural communication, and cultural awareness, with key teachers, learners, and textbooks as research perspectives. (c) Multilingual turn has emerged as a prominent new trend, which emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity and pays more attention to source/native languages and cultures. Furthermore, possible measures of promoting interculturality were discussed on the basis of relevant literature studies. In addition, scholars are suggested to pay more academic attention to the research and practices of EFL countries. Full article

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21 pages, 961 KB

Open AccessArticle

Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress and Mental Health in a Sample of University Students: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Psychological Well-Being

by Sílvia Ala, Francisco Ramos-Campos and Inês Carvalho Relva

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2262-2281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080151 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3269

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most stressful events in recent times across the world. The long-term effect of these experiences raises several concerns, including the development of post-traumatic stress symptomatology. However, little is known about the psychological processes that mediate [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most stressful events in recent times across the world. The long-term effect of these experiences raises several concerns, including the development of post-traumatic stress symptomatology. However, little is known about the psychological processes that mediate this association. The aim of this study was to explore the association of emotional exhaustion and anxiety in post-traumatic stress symptomatology, and the mediating role of resilience and psychological well-being in university students. A total of 526 university students of both sexes participated in this study, and they were aged between 17 and 62 years old. Symptoms of anxiety and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in females, in contrast, males showed on average more resilience and psychological well-being. Additionally, participants with COVID-19 infection had higher levels of emotional exhaustion, anxiety, and PTSD. The results indicated that the variables were correlated with each other (p < 0.001). A conceptual model was confirmed that describes anxiety and emotional exhaustion as predictors, post-traumatic stress symptomatology as an outcome variable, and resilience and psychological well-being as mediators. Resilience and psychological well-being can be important protective factors for adaptive responses in stressful situations. The findings obtained in this study will provide a theoretical basis for designing targeted interventions to improve psychological health, whether for crisis intervention, the process of adapting to higher education, or for recovery plans from psychological trauma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disparities in Mental Health and Well-Being)

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14 pages, 1064 KB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Reliability to Assess the Perception of Women’s Fulfillment of Maternity Rights

by Claudia Susana Silva-Fernández, María de la Calle, Paul Anthony Camacho, Silvia M. Arribas, Eva Garrosa and David Ramiro-Cortijo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2248-2261; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080150 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1488

Abstract

The fulfillment of rights to maternal healthcare is a key factor for the wellbeing of women. However, there is a lack of an instrument to ascertain the experience of women during maternity to enable adequate monitoring. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.

The fulfillment of rights to maternal healthcare is a key factor for the wellbeing of women. However, there is a lack of an instrument to ascertain the experience of women during maternity to enable adequate monitoring. The aim of this study was to validate a new instrument to measure women’s perception of the fulfillment of rights during healthcare in pregnancy and childbirth and immediately postpartum. The initial version of the instrument consists of 50 items and was validated using exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, the final version of the instrument consists of 29 items and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and known-group validity. The instrument was applied to 185 Spanish women. The global Aiken’s V of the initial instrument proposal was 0.89. The process resulted in an instrument with five factors (information, privacy, consent, support, and participation) that explained the 60% of the total variance. The score of the instrument was correlated with resilience, maternity beliefs, and positive and negative affect. External validation showed relations with age, gravida, and the number of times a woman has been in labor. Additionally, the Cronbach’s α reliability was 0.93 [0.91; 0.94]. In conclusion, the instrument developed is consistent and has appropriate psychometric properties for assessing the fulfillment rights of maternity healthcare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Health Questionaries)

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18 pages, 479 KB

Open AccessArticle

Teachers’ Heart Rate Variability and Behavioral Reactions in Aggressive Interactions: Teachers Can Downregulate Their Physiological Arousal, and Progesterone Favors Social Integrative Teacher Responses

by Alexander Wettstein, Sonja Krähling, Gabriel Jenni, Ida Schneider, Fabienne Kühne, Martin grosse Holtforth and Roberto La Marca

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2230-2247; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080149 - 3 Aug 2024

Viewed by 2186

Abstract

Aggressive student behavior is considered one of the main risk factors for teacher stress. The present study investigated teachers’ physiological and behavioral reactions when facing aggressive student behavior and examined which resources favor adaptive teacher reactions. The sample included 42 teachers. We assessed [...] Read more.

Aggressive student behavior is considered one of the main risk factors for teacher stress. The present study investigated teachers’ physiological and behavioral reactions when facing aggressive student behavior and examined which resources favor adaptive teacher reactions. The sample included 42 teachers. We assessed (a) teacher self-reports (i.e., resources, risk factors, and vital exhaustion) (b) classroom observations, (c) ambulatory assessments of teachers’ heart rate and heart rate variability, and (d) teachers’ progesterone concentrations in the hair. The present study focused on a subsample of ten teachers (9 females, Mage = 34.70, SD = 11.32) managing classes which were potentially very stressful as they had a high density of aggressive behavior. High levels of work satisfaction, hair progesterone, and a low level of work overload fostered social integrative teacher responses. Moreover, in 75% of the cases, teachers succeeded in downregulating their physiological reaction. Our results support the notion that teachers evaluate stressors in light of their resources. When they perceive their resources as insufficient for coping with a challenging situation, stress arises, and subsequently, they react inefficiently to aggressive behavior. Thus, teacher education could benefit from strengthening teacher resources and strategies for coping with aggressive student behavior. Full article

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4 pages, 192 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Mother–Child Attachment Relationship in Pregnancy, Postpartum, and Early Childhood: Current Status and New Research Perspectives

by Valentina Lucia La Rosa and Elena Commodari

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2226-2229; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080148 - 1 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 11468

Abstract

The mother–child attachment relationship is a cornerstone of human development, with profound implications for the well-being of both the mother and child [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mother–Child Attachment Relationship in Pregnancy, Postpartum, and Early Childhood: Current Status and New Research Perspectives)

21 pages, 2840 KB

Open AccessArticle

Social Media Use and Consumption of Prescription-Free Medications for Anxiety, Sleep, and Pain among Norwegian University Students

by Wajiha Saqib and Parisa Gazerani

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2205-2225; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080147 - 1 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3466

Abstract

A relationship has been recognized between social media use and health issues. However, no studies have explored the potential link between social media use and consumption of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. We examined social media use, self-reported anxiety, depression, sleep problems, pain, and OTC [...] Read more.

A relationship has been recognized between social media use and health issues. However, no studies have explored the potential link between social media use and consumption of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. We examined social media use, self-reported anxiety, depression, sleep problems, pain, and OTC medications use among Norwegian university students. The goal was to gain insights that would guide preventive health strategies for this target group. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with an online questionnaire distributed to university student Facebook groups in Norway. A total of 132 completed surveys were analyzed. Among the respondents, 28% experienced anxiety, 35% depression, 64% sleep problems, 71% headaches, and 78% musculoskeletal pain. Moreover, 56% reported using OTC analgesics or sleep aids, mostly purchased from community pharmacies. No statistically significant correlation was found between social media use and headache, musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, or consumption of OTC medications among university students in Norway. The findings, however, demonstrated a positive trend, highlighting the need for further research with larger, more diverse samples, and potentially employing a qualitative or longitudinal design. We propose increased awareness of the potential negative effects of social media among university students, the inclusion of social media and health topics in study curricula, and the more proactive engagement of community pharmacists with young clients concerning the consumption of OTC medications. Full article

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18 pages, 364 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Prospective Study of the Family Quality of Life, Illness Perceptions, and Coping in Mothers of Children Newly Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Communication Difficulties

by Angelos Papadopoulos, Angeliki Tsapara, Alexandros Gryparis, Dionysios Tafiadis, Nikolaos Trimmis, Panagiotis Plotas, Petros Skapinakis, Meropi Tzoufi and Vassiliki Siafaka

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2187-2204; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080146 - 1 Aug 2024

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2809

Abstract

(1) Background: This study assesses the impact of mothers’ illness perceptions about autism spectrum disorder and their coping strategies on the family’s quality of life during the initial period following diagnosis and one year afterward. (2) Method: The sample consisted of 53 mothers [...] Read more.

(1) Background: This study assesses the impact of mothers’ illness perceptions about autism spectrum disorder and their coping strategies on the family’s quality of life during the initial period following diagnosis and one year afterward. (2) Method: The sample consisted of 53 mothers of children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and having communication difficulties who completed the following: the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Brief-COPE. (3) Results: The findings revealed a moderate family quality of life in the initial assessment and a lack of a statistically significant change one year later. Notably, statistically significant changes were observed in coping strategies, as in the second assessment, and the score in denial and self-blame decreased. Pearson and Eta analyses indicated several correlations between socio-demographic characteristics, illness perceptions, coping strategies, and family quality of life. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive reframing was positively associated with total family quality of life in the initial period following diagnosis and one year afterward, while self-blame was associated with poorer quality of life in the time after diagnosis. Furthermore, the belief about the controllability of the disorder was correlated with better family quality of life one year after the diagnosis. (4) Conclusions: Illness perceptions and coping can be considered as predictors of family quality of life outcomes one year after the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. The focus of interventions, apart from controlling the disorder’s symptoms, should aim to strengthen specific strategies and weaken others. Full article

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12 pages, 290 KB

Open AccessArticle

by Keren Dopelt and Nourit Houminer-Klepar

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2175-2186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080145 - 30 Jul 2024

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3933

Abstract

Background: Warfare represents a significant source of stress in contemporary times, with enduring implications beyond the immediate casualties, fostering a pervasive atmosphere of danger and anxiety within affected populations. The Israel–Hamas war, marked by ongoing armed incursions and missile attacks, stands as a [...] Read more.

Background: Warfare represents a significant source of stress in contemporary times, with enduring implications beyond the immediate casualties, fostering a pervasive atmosphere of danger and anxiety within affected populations. The Israel–Hamas war, marked by ongoing armed incursions and missile attacks, stands as a recent example of such turmoil, inflicting widespread trauma and disruption. Methods: This study, conducted among students at the Ashkelon Academic College in southern Israel, aimed to investigate the stress levels and associated factors amidst the ongoing conflict. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 625 participants between January and February 2024, approximately four months after the commencement of the initial attack. The survey encompassed demographic information, perceived stress levels, sleep quality, and social media usage. Results: The findings revealed moderate to high stress levels among participants, with significant differences observed based on gender, parental status, and residency in conflict zones. Moreover, poorer sleep quality was reported among students residing in conflict-affected areas. Regression analysis identified several predictors of elevated stress, including gender, parental status, sleep quality, residency in conflict zones, and social media usage. Conclusions: These findings underscore the profound impact of ongoing conflict on college students’ mental well-being, highlighting the need for tailored interventions and support services within higher education institutions. The limitations include the study’s focus on a specific college population and the timing of the data collection relative to the onset of the war. Nonetheless, this research contributes valuable insights concerning the stress dynamics within the unique context faced by Israeli students amidst ongoing warfare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Collective Trauma in the Modern Society)

18 pages, 318 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Big Five Personality Traits and Depression in the German-Speaking D-A-CH Region Including an Investigation of Potential Moderators and Mediators

by Susanne Strohmaier, Manuel Pillai, Jakob Weitzer, Emilie Han, Lukas Zenk, Brenda M. Birmann, Martin Bertau, Guido Caniglia, Manfred D. Laubichler, Gerald Steiner and Eva S. Schernhammer

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2157-2174; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080144 - 30 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4942

Abstract

Considerable evidence links the “Big Five” personality traits (neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness) with depression. However, potential mediating and moderating factors are less well understood. We utilized data from a cross-sectional survey of 3065 German-speaking adults from the D-A-CH region to estimate [...] Read more.

Considerable evidence links the “Big Five” personality traits (neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness) with depression. However, potential mediating and moderating factors are less well understood. We utilized data from a cross-sectional survey of 3065 German-speaking adults from the D-A-CH region to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervalsbetween personality traits and lifetime prevalence of depression (overall and stratified by sex and age). We further explored proportions mediated by psychosocial factors optimism, empathy, perspective-taking, work–life balance, and interpersonal trust. High levels of neuroticism were associated with more than two-fold higher odds of depression, whereas higher levels of conscientiousness were associated with approximately 30% lower odds of depression. The association with neuroticism persisted in all investigated subgroups; apparently, stronger associations for females and participants aged ≥60 years did not correspond to statistically significant interactions. Overall and across all strata, the association of neuroticism with depression appeared to be mediated in part by the considered psychosocial factors; optimism explained the largest proportion of the association. Our results provide empirical evidence for the dynamic predisposition model. Further investigations of these relationships are warranted in longitudinal data with more precise outcome assessments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Health Questionaries)

17 pages, 622 KB

Open AccessReview

Tomorrow Never Comes: The Risks of Procrastination for Adolescent Health

by David Pérez-Jorge, Ana Cristina Hernández-Henríquez, Roshan Melwani-Sadhwani and Anthony Fernando Gallo-Mendoza

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2140-2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080143 - 26 Jul 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 7486

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between procrastination and declining healthy habits among adolescents, a topic lacking systematic reviews in the existing literature. The primary purpose is to lay the groundwork for promoting mental health and preventing procrastination as risky behavior. This systematic review [...] Read more.

This study explores the relationship between procrastination and declining healthy habits among adolescents, a topic lacking systematic reviews in the existing literature. The primary purpose is to lay the groundwork for promoting mental health and preventing procrastination as risky behavior. This systematic review examined five areas related to procrastination and its influence on healthy lifestyle habits in adolescents: technology and procrastination; sleep and procrastination; academic procrastination; and the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight that technology misuse is linked with procrastination; adolescents tend to procrastinate when going to sleep; academic procrastination negatively impacts long-term educational achievements, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this phenomenon. Ultimately, it is concluded that procrastination is related to all these aspects and has detrimental effects on adolescents’ physical and psychological development. Full article

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14 pages, 572 KB

Open AccessArticle

How to Promote Walking in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Look at Catastrophizing, Goal Conflict, and Avoidance from a Self-Emotional Regulatory Perspective

by Carmen Ecija, Lorena Gutiérrez, Patricia Catalá and Cecilia Peñacoba

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2126-2139; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080142 - 24 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1383

Abstract

The aim of this study was twofold: to explore the concordance between two measures of physical activity (accelerometer and IPAQ) among female fibromyalgia (FM) patients, as well as to examine the impact of psychosocial variables (catastrophism, activity avoidance) on walking among these patients. [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was twofold: to explore the concordance between two measures of physical activity (accelerometer and IPAQ) among female fibromyalgia (FM) patients, as well as to examine the impact of psychosocial variables (catastrophism, activity avoidance) on walking among these patients. Helplessness, activity avoidance, and commitment to physical activity were evaluated in 132 FM women. After the first assessment, an accelerometer was placed by a psychologist on each participant for seven consecutive days. Eight days later, accelerometers were collected, and participants were evaluated again using the IPAQ. Two models were tested to analyze mediation and a moderated mediation effect. The mediating role of activity avoidance between helplessness and minutes walked was corroborated regarding the objective measure of walking. The effect of helplessness on minutes walked during a week was mediated by activity avoidance and assessed by accelerometers. Cognitive variables played a contextual role when trying to promote exercise. Activity avoidance must be understood as a key variable in physical activity promotion, specifically in the promotion of walking with the aim to do exercise in individuals with FM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advancing the Knowledge and Application of Health Behavior Theories)

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10 pages, 241 KB

Open AccessArticle

What Do the General Public Know about Infertility and Its Treatment?

by Lewis Nancarrow, Anuthi Fernando, Lucy Hampton, Courtney Murray, Dharani K. Hapangama and Nicola Tempest

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2116-2125; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080141 - 24 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2011

Abstract

Rates of infertility are rising, and informed decision making is an essential part of reproductive life planning with the knowledge that ART success decreases dramatically while a woman’s age increases and that high costs can often be incurred during fertility treatment. We aimed [...] Read more.

Rates of infertility are rising, and informed decision making is an essential part of reproductive life planning with the knowledge that ART success decreases dramatically while a woman’s age increases and that high costs can often be incurred during fertility treatment. We aimed to determine the current knowledge of infertility and its treatments in the general public through an online survey. We received 360 complete responses. The average age of respondents was 35 years with most respondents being female (90%), heterosexual (88%), white (85%) and university educated (79%). Of the total, 49% had children and 23% had a condition that affects their fertility; 41% had concerns about future fertility and 78% knew someone who had had fertility treatment. Participants’ understanding of basic reproductive biology and causes of infertility varied with correct responses to questions ranging from 44% to 93%. Understanding of IVF outcomes was poorer with only 32% to 55% of responses being correct, and 76% of respondents felt that their education in fertility was inadequate. This survey highlights the inconsistencies in the general public’s understanding of infertility in this relatively educated population. With increasing demands on fertility services and limited public funds, better education is essential to ensure patients are fully informed with regard to their reproductive life planning. Full article

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Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ., Volume 14, Issue 8 (August 2024) – 21 articles

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