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GERMS
Volume 11
Issue 4
10.18683/germs.2021.1290
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GERMS is published by MDPI from Volume 25 Issue 4 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the former publisher Infection Science Forum S.R.L..
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Article

Association of Specific Haplotype of Tumor Necrosis Factor-ɑ and Interleukin-1β Polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Carcinogenesis

by
Fatemeh Nezamzadeh
1,
Mahboobeh Asadyun
2,
Amir Anbiyaiee
3,
Mansour Sedighi
4,
Abed Zahedi bialvaei
5,
Younes Khalili
6,
Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo
7 and
Aylin Esmailkhani
6,*
1
School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, 5 Kilometers to Tonekabon City, Vali Abad, Tonekabon, Iran
2
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shodada Hesarak Blvd, Daneshgah Square, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical School, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan St., Ahvaz, Iran
4
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
5
Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
6
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St., Tabriz, Iran
7
Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St., Tabriz, Iran
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2021, 11(4), 554-561; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1290
Submission received: 21 June 2021 / Revised: 20 November 2021 / Accepted: 23 November 2021 / Published: 29 December 2021
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: The Helicobacter pylori infection and cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses play significant roles in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). This study was performed to determine the association between the risk of GC and genetic polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods: The polymorphisms of IL-1β and TNF-α genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 290 patients who underwent endoscopy. Infection with H. pylori was diagnosed by histological analysis, rapid urease test, and PCR of gastric biopsy samples. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine the relative mRNA expression levels. Results: No significant difference was detected in allele frequency and genotype of all studied polymorphisms between chronic gastritis (CG), GC and healthy individuals. IL-1β mRNA was down-regulated in both gastritis (relative quantification (RQ) = 0.447) and the GC groups (RQ = 0.151). In contrast, the expression of TNF-α was up-regulated in the GC group (RQ = 2.817) compared to the gastritis group (RQ = 0.861). Conclusions: The studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms are not risk factors for development of CG and GC. However, H. pylori infection causes a huge increase in the TNF-α expression in GC patients.
Keywords: Gastric cancer; TNF-α; IL-1β; chronic gastritis; gene polymorphisms; Helicobacter pylori Gastric cancer; TNF-α; IL-1β; chronic gastritis; gene polymorphisms; Helicobacter pylori

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nezamzadeh, F.; Asadyun, M.; Anbiyaiee, A.; Sedighi, M.; Zahedi bialvaei, A.; Khalili, Y.; Leylabadlo, H.E.; Esmailkhani, A. Association of Specific Haplotype of Tumor Necrosis Factor-ɑ and Interleukin-1β Polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Carcinogenesis. GERMS 2021, 11, 554-561. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1290

AMA Style

Nezamzadeh F, Asadyun M, Anbiyaiee A, Sedighi M, Zahedi bialvaei A, Khalili Y, Leylabadlo HE, Esmailkhani A. Association of Specific Haplotype of Tumor Necrosis Factor-ɑ and Interleukin-1β Polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Carcinogenesis. GERMS. 2021; 11(4):554-561. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1290

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nezamzadeh, Fatemeh, Mahboobeh Asadyun, Amir Anbiyaiee, Mansour Sedighi, Abed Zahedi bialvaei, Younes Khalili, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo, and Aylin Esmailkhani. 2021. "Association of Specific Haplotype of Tumor Necrosis Factor-ɑ and Interleukin-1β Polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Carcinogenesis" GERMS 11, no. 4: 554-561. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1290

APA Style

Nezamzadeh, F., Asadyun, M., Anbiyaiee, A., Sedighi, M., Zahedi bialvaei, A., Khalili, Y., Leylabadlo, H. E., & Esmailkhani, A. (2021). Association of Specific Haplotype of Tumor Necrosis Factor-ɑ and Interleukin-1β Polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Carcinogenesis. GERMS, 11(4), 554-561. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1290

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