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Antibiotics
Volume 10
Issue 3
10.3390/antibiotics10030229
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Review

Transformation of Biowaste for Medical Applications: Incorporation of Biologically Derived Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Coating

by
Sevakumaran Vigneswari
1,
Tan Suet May Amelia
1,
Mohamad Hazari Hazwan
1,
Govindan Kothandaraman Mouriya
1,
Kesaven Bhubalan
1,2,3,
Al-Ashraf Abdullah Amirul
3,4,5,* and
Seeram Ramakrishna
6,*
1
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
2
Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
3
Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Penang 11700, Malaysia
4
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
5
Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malaysia
6
Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2021, 10(3), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030229
Submission received: 31 December 2020 / Revised: 3 February 2021 / Accepted: 15 February 2021 / Published: 24 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens)
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Abstract

Nanobiotechnology has undoubtedly influenced major breakthroughs in medical sciences. Application of nanosized materials has made it possible for researchers to investigate a broad spectrum of treatments for diseases with minimally invasive procedures. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been a subject of investigation for numerous applications in agriculture, water treatment, biosensors, textiles, and the food industry as well as in the medical field, mainly due to their antimicrobial properties and nanoparticle nature. In general, AgNPs are known for their superior physical, chemical, and biological properties. The properties of AgNPs differ based on their methods of synthesis and to date, the biological method has been preferred because it is rapid, nontoxic, and can produce well-defined size and morphology under optimized conditions. Nevertheless, the common issue concerning biological or biobased production is its sustainability. Researchers have employed various strategies in addressing this shortcoming, such as recently testing agricultural biowastes such as fruit peels for the synthesis of AgNPs. The use of biowastes is definitely cost-effective and eco-friendly; moreover, it has been reported that the reduction process is simple and rapid with reasonably high yield. This review aims to address the developments in using fruit- and vegetable-based biowastes for biologically producing AgNPs to be applied as antimicrobial coatings in biomedical applications.
Keywords: silver nanoparticles; nanobiotechnology; biowaste; biomedical; antimicrobial coating silver nanoparticles; nanobiotechnology; biowaste; biomedical; antimicrobial coating

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vigneswari, S.; Amelia, T.S.M.; Hazwan, M.H.; Mouriya, G.K.; Bhubalan, K.; Amirul, A.-A.A.; Ramakrishna, S. Transformation of Biowaste for Medical Applications: Incorporation of Biologically Derived Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Coating. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030229

AMA Style

Vigneswari S, Amelia TSM, Hazwan MH, Mouriya GK, Bhubalan K, Amirul A-AA, Ramakrishna S. Transformation of Biowaste for Medical Applications: Incorporation of Biologically Derived Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Coating. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(3):229. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030229

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vigneswari, Sevakumaran, Tan Suet May Amelia, Mohamad Hazari Hazwan, Govindan Kothandaraman Mouriya, Kesaven Bhubalan, Al-Ashraf Abdullah Amirul, and Seeram Ramakrishna. 2021. "Transformation of Biowaste for Medical Applications: Incorporation of Biologically Derived Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Coating" Antibiotics 10, no. 3: 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030229

APA Style

Vigneswari, S., Amelia, T. S. M., Hazwan, M. H., Mouriya, G. K., Bhubalan, K., Amirul, A.-A. A., & Ramakrishna, S. (2021). Transformation of Biowaste for Medical Applications: Incorporation of Biologically Derived Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Coating. Antibiotics, 10(3), 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030229

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