Nanomaterials

13 pages, 2649 KB

Open AccessArticle

Blue-Light-Driven Aerobic Oxidation via ROS-Generating Binuclear Cobalt(II) Complex Photocatalyst

by Yuhao Mu, Zhuang Miao, Rong Zhang, Xiong-Feng Ma and Zhipeng Xie

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130835 - 7 Jul 2026

Viewed by 441

Developing earth-abundant photocatalysts that operate efficiently under visible light remains a central challenge in sustainable aerobic oxidation chemistry. We synthesized a binuclear cobalt(II) structure (Co₂) in which two redox-active metal centers are bridged by a polypyridine scaffold to integrate light-harvesting [...] Read more.

Developing earth-abundant photocatalysts that operate efficiently under visible light remains a central challenge in sustainable aerobic oxidation chemistry. We synthesized a binuclear cobalt(II) structure (Co₂) in which two redox-active metal centers are bridged by a polypyridine scaffold to integrate light-harvesting and catalytic functions within a single low-nuclearity unit. The complex exhibits a strong absorption band below 450 nm, undergoes facile charge separation upon photoexcitation, and channels molecular oxygen (O₂) toward superoxide radical anion (O₂^•–) under blue-light irradiation. Spectroscopic and mechanistic studies indicate that the polypyridine framework governs photon capture and excited-state delocalization, whereas the proximal Co(II) sites mediate the subsequent single-electron transfer to O₂. Driven by this dual-site synergy, Co₂ selectively oxidizes a broad scope of thioethers to the corresponding sulfoxides in yields exceeding 95%, with no over-oxidation to sulfones detected. The catalyst retains its structural integrity over five successive runs without measurable activity loss. By confining complementary photophysical and redox functions within a discrete bimetallic unit, this work establishes a design strategy for noble-metal-free, visible-light-driven organic transformations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Catalysts for Solar Energy Conversion)

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37 pages, 15652 KB

Open AccessReview

Multi-Scale Structural Regulation of Boron-Doped Diamond via Doping, Modification, and Annealing for Water Pollutant Sensing

by Xue Wang, Shuxian Leng, Xiang Yu, Shengmao Lu and Junsheng Wang

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130834 - 7 Jul 2026

Viewed by 554

Abstract

This review covers literature published up to June 2026. Detecting various water pollutants quickly and reliably remains a challenge. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, particularly when fabricated as nanostructured thin films such as nanocones or nanowalls, offer a wide electrochemical window, low background current, [...] Read more.

This review covers literature published up to June 2026. Detecting various water pollutants quickly and reliably remains a challenge. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, particularly when fabricated as nanostructured thin films such as nanocones or nanowalls, offer a wide electrochemical window, low background current, and excellent chemical stability, making them promising tools for electrochemical sensing. However, unmodified BDD electrodes face an inherent trade-off among conductivity, active site density, and interfacial stability, a phenomenon termed herein the “sensitivity-selectivity-stability triangle bottleneck”, which severely limits practical performance. In this review, we demonstrate how multi-scale structural regulation can circumvent this bottleneck. Specifically, a triple strategy comprising boron doping, surface modification, and post-annealing treatment is proposed and evaluated. First, the effect of boron doping level on conductivity and active site density is discussed. Second, two common surface modification approaches are examined: carbon nanomaterials (which increase surface area and form conductive networks) and metal nanoparticles (which enhance catalytic activity and interfacial charge transfer). Third, post-annealing is highlighted as a key synergistic step that locks the modified layer and stabilizes the interface. Together, these three components form an integrated framework. To provide concrete guidance, the performance of each strategy is compared for representative water pollutants, including heavy metal ions, phenolic compounds, and emerging contaminants such as antibiotics and pesticides, with emphasis on sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Representative detection limits achieved include 0.01 μg/L for Pb²⁺, 5 nM for acetaminophen, and 0.32 fM for PCB-77, demonstrating the effectiveness of the triple structural regulation strategy. Finally, in line with the theme of this Nanomaterials Special Issue on nanostructured thin films, current challenges in structural regulation are summarized, and future directions, including multi-parameter optimization, AI-assisted high-throughput screening, and real-world testing, are outlined. The goal is to offer practical structure-performance guidelines for designing BDD-based electrochemical sensors that are both high-performing and durable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation, Properties and Applications of Nanostructured Thin Films)

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3 pages, 145 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Functional Nanomaterials for Sensing Devices: Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications (2nd Edition)

by Barbara Vercelli

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130833 - 7 Jul 2026

Viewed by 402

Abstract

In the current era, nanomaterials (NMs) are at the forefront of sensor development for a wide range of high-performance applications, including environmental monitoring, manufacturing processes and medical diagnosis [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Nanomaterials for Sensing Devices: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications (2nd Edition))

17 pages, 3824 KB

Open AccessArticle

Oxygen-Vacancy-Rich TiO₂ Nanosheets with High Stability for Efficient Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction

by Yingjie Jiang, Xiaoli Jia, Li Fang, Qin Zhang, Ruiting Li, Bingqian Zhao, Jiancong Liu and Yaorui Li

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130832 - 7 Jul 2026

Viewed by 533

Abstract

Defect engineering of anatase TiO₂ nanosheets by hydrogen reduction is a compelling strategy to boost visible light photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction, a process of vital importance for detoxifying highly toxic and carcinogenic Cr(VI) pollutants. However, the necessary high-temperature hydrogen treatment invariably induces morphological [...] Read more.

Defect engineering of anatase TiO₂ nanosheets by hydrogen reduction is a compelling strategy to boost visible light photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction, a process of vital importance for detoxifying highly toxic and carcinogenic Cr(VI) pollutants. However, the necessary high-temperature hydrogen treatment invariably induces morphological collapse, negating the structural merits of the two-dimensional nanosheets. Herein, we propose an ethylenediamine reflux protection strategy combined with hydrogen reduction to fabricate defect-rich TiO₂ nanosheets (EN-TiO_2−x-NS) that preserve the original morphology. The resulting EN-TiO_2−x-NS retained the square nanosheet structure and (001) facets, while Ti³⁺ and oxygen vacancies were successfully introduced. The bandgap narrowed from 2.95 to 2.55 eV, leading to enhanced visible light absorption and charge separation efficiency. For photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction under visible light, EN-TiO_2−x-NS achieved a removal rate of 97.3% within 20 min, with a rate constant 1.93 times higher than that of pristine TiO₂ nanosheets and 3.17 times higher than that of the directly hydrogenated sample. The catalyst also exhibited excellent cycling stability. This work demonstrates a synergistic strategy combining morphology preservation and defect engineering, providing a new approach for designing high-performance TiO₂-based photocatalysts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials in Electrocatalysis)

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24 pages, 17954 KB

Open AccessArticle

Consolidation of Painted Plasters in Hypogean Environments: Comparative Performance of Inorganic Calcium-Based Products Under High-Humidity and Water-Saturated Conditions

by Roberta Cucchietti, Sara De Angelis, Eleonora Imperio, Vanessa Fontani, Lucia Conti, Giancarlo Sidoti and Sara Iafrate

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130831 - 7 Jul 2026

Viewed by 525

Abstract

Consolidation treatments are essential for the conservation of wall paintings affected by decohesion and disintegration phenomena. In hypogean environments, high relative humidity, limited ventilation and elevated biological risk impose particularly stringent performance requirements. Under these conditions, consolidants must ensure chemical compatibility, effective distribution [...] Read more.

Consolidation treatments are essential for the conservation of wall paintings affected by decohesion and disintegration phenomena. In hypogean environments, high relative humidity, limited ventilation and elevated biological risk impose particularly stringent performance requirements. Under these conditions, consolidants must ensure chemical compatibility, effective distribution within water-saturated substrates, long-term stability at high relative humidity and low toxicological impact. Calcium-based nanomaterials, especially nanolime dispersions, are widely employed as reference consolidants. However, their performance is strongly influenced by the dispersing medium, environmental conditions and substrate characteristics. This study addresses the lack of comparative assessments of currently available calcium-based consolidants by testing four products—two alcohol-based nanolimes (Nanorestore Plus^® and CaLoSil^®), one aqueous nanolime dispersion (Nanolaq^®) and a laboratory-formulated aqueous nanocalcite—applied to painted mock-ups. For the first time, the effectiveness of these treatments was investigated under both high relative humidity and water-saturated conditions through a multi-analytical approach. Colorimetric variations, water vapour permeability, water absorption and consolidant distribution within the pictorial layers were evaluated. The results provide a comparative assessment of consolidant performance as a function of the hygrometric regime of the substrate, with differentiated responses under high-humidity conditions and attenuated differences under water-saturated conditions. Overall, the effectiveness of the consolidant appeared to depend significantly on the combined influence of the dispersing medium, the imbibition state of the substrate and its chemical nature, highlighting the need for selection criteria and evaluation protocols based on simulating realistic conservation conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies, and Nano-Characterisation in Heritage Science: From Diagnostics to Conservation and Restoration)

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13 pages, 1365 KB

Open AccessReview

Recent Investigations on the Use of Copper Complexes in Photovoltaic Application

by Francesco Fagnani, Alessia Colombo, Dominique Roberto, Federico Turco and Claudia Dragonetti

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130830 - 6 Jul 2026

Viewed by 411

Abstract

Copper complexes have recently emerged as key materials for advancing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) toward more sustainable and high-performance photovoltaic technologies. This minireview summarizes the most significant achievements reported from 2024 onwards, highlighting the multifaceted role of copper in DSSCs as sensitizers, redox [...] Read more.

Copper complexes have recently emerged as key materials for advancing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) toward more sustainable and high-performance photovoltaic technologies. This minireview summarizes the most significant achievements reported from 2024 onwards, highlighting the multifaceted role of copper in DSSCs as sensitizers, redox mediators, and functional components in innovative device architectures. Significant progress has been achieved in all these roles; however, the most remarkable advances concern copper-based redox mediators, where fine-tuning of ligand environments, additives, and electrolyte formulations has enabled excellent efficiencies, exceeding 10%, together with outstanding long-term stability. Developments in aqueous and quasi-solid-state systems further enhance the environmental compatibility and durability of these devices. In addition, novel concepts, including retro cells and copper-based “zombie” DSSCs, demonstrate the versatility of copper chemistry in simplifying device design and enabling new applications. Overall, these findings confirm copper complexes as highly promising earth-abundant alternatives to noble-metal-based systems although further work is still required to optimize light absorption, suppress charge recombination, and improve large-scale device stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Nanomaterials for Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics)

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17 pages, 8371 KB

Open AccessArticle

MoS₂ Nanosheet/ZnO Nanowire-Functionalized Optical Fiber LSPR Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of 2,4-D Herbicide Residues

by Huibo Han, Shuai Wang, Rui Min, Ragini Singh, Bingyuan Zhang and Santosh Kumar

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130829 - 6 Jul 2026

Viewed by 589

Abstract

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an extensively applied organic compound, primarily for agricultural weed control and plant growth agents. Although 2,4-D usually exists in the environment in low volumes, the detection of 2,4-D is critical for human health and environmental safety. In this work, [...] Read more.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an extensively applied organic compound, primarily for agricultural weed control and plant growth agents. Although 2,4-D usually exists in the environment in low volumes, the detection of 2,4-D is critical for human health and environmental safety. In this work, a biophotonic biosensor was fabricated by coating the surface of a tapered optical fiber with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to excite the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and functionalizing the fiber with molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS₂-NSs)/zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO-NWs) to extend the effective sensing area. Due to the inhibitory effect of 2,4-D on the hydrolytic activity of ALP, the refractive index (RI) around the sensor surface changes, leading to a shift in the LSPR peak wavelength. According to this sensing technique, the sensor can detect concentrations in the range of 1–10 mg/L, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29 mg/L. The stability, repeatability and selectivity tests show that the sensor has good stability and selectivity. In the actual sample detection experiment, the recovery rates of apples and Chinese cabbage were 96.2–100.4% and 83.8–108.8%, respectively, which indicated that the detection method had good accuracy for the detection of target substances in actual samples. Thus, the proposed sensor has an important application in the detection of 2,4-D herbicides. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optical Biosensing: From Fundamental Mechanisms to Advanced Biomedical Applications)

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11 pages, 4161 KB

Open AccessArticle

Phonon Transport Mechanism of Strain-Enhanced Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Penta-NiAs₂ Monolayer

by Yuqi Zeng, Hongmei Zheng, Linjie Xu, Wenyi Wang, Yi Chen, Ling Pu, Chuanfu Li, Hao Sui, Yangshun Lan and Honggang Zhang

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130828 - 6 Jul 2026

Viewed by 516

Abstract

Pentagonal NiAs₂ is a low-symmetry two-dimensional material relevant to nanoelectronic and thermoelectric applications, but its low lattice thermal conductivity (κ) may limit heat dissipation in device-related scenarios. In this work, the strain-dependent lattice thermal transport of monolayer penta-NiAs₂ is [...] Read more.

Pentagonal NiAs₂ is a low-symmetry two-dimensional material relevant to nanoelectronic and thermoelectric applications, but its low lattice thermal conductivity (κ) may limit heat dissipation in device-related scenarios. In this work, the strain-dependent lattice thermal transport of monolayer penta-NiAs₂ is investigated using first-principles calculations combined with the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. The lattice thermal conductivity increases monotonically with tensile strain. Mode-resolved analysis shows that this enhancement mainly originates from the selective reinforcement of the out-of-plane acoustic ZA branch, rather than from a uniform increase in all phonon branches. Tensile strain weakens low-frequency anharmonicity, suppresses phonon scattering, and prolongs the ZA phonon lifetime. Meanwhile, the modified ZA dispersion increases its group velocity, further enhancing its contribution to heat transport. The reduced group velocities of the TA, LA, and most optical branches further limit their contributions to thermal conductivity. The results reveal a ZA-phonon-mediated mechanism for strain-enhanced thermal transport in penta-NiAs₂ and provide guidance for tuning phonon transport in pentagonal two-dimensional materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Theory of Nanoscale Architectures)

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12 pages, 2271 KB

Open AccessArticle

Role of Transport Polarity in Transient Electroluminescence of Two-Dimensional TMDC Semiconductors

by Xin Yang, Kai Liu, Rui Huang, Zixing Zou, Chenguang Zhu, Feng Jiang, Ying Chen, Yushuang Zhang and Lei Shan

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130827 - 6 Jul 2026

Viewed by 528

Abstract

Two-dimensional transient electroluminescent devices have attracted considerable attention owing to their simple device architecture and reduced contact-barrier dependence. However, the influence of semiconductor transport polarity on transient electroluminescence (EL) remains unclear. Here, we compare four representative transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors with different [...] Read more.

Two-dimensional transient electroluminescent devices have attracted considerable attention owing to their simple device architecture and reduced contact-barrier dependence. However, the influence of semiconductor transport polarity on transient electroluminescence (EL) remains unclear. Here, we compare four representative transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors with different transport polarities and find that ambipolar WSe₂ exhibits a stronger transient EL signal under identical driving conditions, a trend that cannot be explained by relative photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) alone. Transfer characteristics and gate-modulated photoluminescence (PL) measurements were further used to analyze the gate-dependent carrier doping states and the local spectral response associated with interfacial carrier modulation near the metal/TMDC interface during abrupt gate-voltage switching. Based on these results, we propose a possible physical picture in which ambipolar WSe₂ is more likely to form a transient interfacial electron–hole distribution favorable for electron–hole radiative recombination, whereas predominantly n-type materials tend to form electron-rich interfacial carrier states. These findings suggest that semiconductor transport polarity is an important material factor for designing low-dimensional transient electroluminescent devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Nano-Optics and Nano-Optoelectronics: Challenges and Future Trends)

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29 pages, 13228 KB

Open AccessReview

Interfacial Electron Engineering for Nitrate-to-Ammonia Electrocatalysis: Mechanistic Insights and Design Strategies

by Xuzhi Liu, Jianqiang Zhu, Zaidong Wang, Han Meng, Yu Ma, Lishi Jiao, Sen Chen, Jian Qi and Huan Wang

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130826 - 5 Jul 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 636

Abstract

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR) enables sustainable ammonia synthesis from nitrate waste, yet its complex mechanism and severe competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) demand precise control over interfacial electronic structures. This review provides a mechanistic overview of interfacial [...] Read more.

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR) enables sustainable ammonia synthesis from nitrate waste, yet its complex mechanism and severe competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) demand precise control over interfacial electronic structures. This review provides a mechanistic overview of interfacial electron engineering for NO₃RR via charge transfer, d-band center modulation, and d-p orbital coupling. We propose a reverse-engineering framework that starts from the three kinetic bottlenecks of NO₃RR (nitrate activation, *H supply, and intermediate poisoning) and back-extracts the required electronic effects (charge transfer, d-band shift, and d-p orbital coupling). From this perspective, we cover the construction of built-in electric fields (BIEFs) in heterojunctions, engineering atomic-scale active sites (e.g., single-atom and dual-atom catalysts), and exploiting hydrogen spillover and reverse spillover for cross-spatial proton delivery. Given that rational interfaces dynamically evolve under operating conditions, we highlight that in situ/operando characterization captures the dynamic restructuring of valence states, coordination environments, and morphologies, establishing clear structure–electron–activity relationships. Finally, we discuss key challenges and outline future directions, including machine learning-accelerated screening, dynamic interface regulation, and synergistic integration of multiple electronic effects. This review offers a comprehensive framework for interfacial electron engineering, guiding rational design of next-generation NO₃RR electrocatalysts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)

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13 pages, 10716 KB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation and Characterization of Sn Micro- and Nanoparticles

by Alena Michalcová, Šárka Msallamová, Dominika Fink, Olga Hrubá, Anna Boukalová, Tomáš Balický and Jan Rohlíček

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130825 - 5 Jul 2026

Viewed by 1140

Abstract

This study investigates the preparation and characterization of tin micro- and nanoparticles with an emphasis on phase-transformation-induced particle formation and chemical purity. Microparticles were generated through repeated phase transformations between β-Sn (white tin) and α-Sn (gray tin), exploiting the associated volumetric changes to [...] Read more.

This study investigates the preparation and characterization of tin micro- and nanoparticles with an emphasis on phase-transformation-induced particle formation and chemical purity. Microparticles were generated through repeated phase transformations between β-Sn (white tin) and α-Sn (gray tin), exploiting the associated volumetric changes to induce fragmentation and particle size reduction. The evolution of particle size distribution was systematically analyzed as a function of transformation cycles. The data were analyzed using the modified Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov equation, and the saturation particle size corresponds to the grain size of the original tin sheet. The phase transformation was induced homogeneously by α-Sn particles and heterogeneously by InSb, and the results were comparable. The influence of the surrounding atmosphere was studied. The increase in oxygen content during repeated phase transformation was measured. In parallel, tin nanoparticles were synthesized via a solution-based route using ammonium hexachlorostannate as a precursor. The nanoparticles precipitated from this solution at mild temperatures during the β-Sn to α-Sn transformation at 13.2 °C. Both micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of morphology and size distribution. The results provide insight into the relationship between phase transformation and particle size reduction mechanisms, and offer a controllable pathway for the preparation of tin particles across micro- and nanoscale regimes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)

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29 pages, 31158 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Performance and Uniaxial Compressive Behavior of Nano-TiO₂-Modified Coral Concrete

by Jiahui Wu, Jiakun Zhu, Ao Zhang and Xiaochun Fan

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130824 - 4 Jul 2026

Viewed by 502

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical properties and uniaxial compression behavior of nano-TiO₂-modified coral concrete (NTCC). Twelve groups of specimens with different nano-TiO₂ contents were prepared and cured in freshwater, seawater, and oxalic acid environments. Cube compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, [...] Read more.

This study investigates the mechanical properties and uniaxial compression behavior of nano-TiO₂-modified coral concrete (NTCC). Twelve groups of specimens with different nano-TiO₂ contents were prepared and cured in freshwater, seawater, and oxalic acid environments. Cube compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and uniaxial compression tests were conducted according to relevant standards. The results indicate that nano-TiO₂ significantly enhances the mechanical performance of coral concrete. The compressive and tensile strengths initially increased and then decreased with increasing nano-TiO₂ content, with the maximum strength improvement reaching approximately 22%. Furthermore, increasing the nano-TiO₂ dosage reduced the brittle failure characteristics of NTCC under compression. The curing environment had a significant influence on the performance of NTCC. Specimens cured in seawater exhibited superior early-age strength, whereas those cured in freshwater achieved the highest later-age strength. The stress–strain response of NTCC under uniaxial compression can be divided into three stages: the elastic stage, elastoplastic stage, and descending stage. Based on the experimental results, an empirical constitutive model was proposed for NTCC. The predicted stress–strain curves showed good agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed model for describing the compressive behavior of NTCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures)

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15 pages, 4078 KB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Photo-Driven Activated Enzyme–Titanium Nanobiohybrids for Photocatalytic Applications

by Francesca Palla, Carla Garcia-Sanz, Marzia Marciello and Jose M. Palomo

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130823 - 4 Jul 2026

Viewed by 530

Abstract

This work reports the development of innovative enzyme–titanium nanobiohybrids synthesized via a protein-assisted approach to obtain efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for environmental remediation. By addressing the limitations of conventional TiO₂ nanoparticle synthesis, this strategy enables controlled material properties under milder, potentially scalable [...] Read more.

This work reports the development of innovative enzyme–titanium nanobiohybrids synthesized via a protein-assisted approach to obtain efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for environmental remediation. By addressing the limitations of conventional TiO₂ nanoparticle synthesis, this strategy enables controlled material properties under milder, potentially scalable conditions for enhanced ROS-driven degradation of persistent dye pollutants. This work employs a bio-assisted synthesis approach using β-glucosidase as a protein scaffold, TiCl₄ as the titanium precursor, and H₂O₂ in bicarbonate buffer at room temperature, eliminating the need for harsh conditions and high temperatures. The biological moiety guides the nanoparticle formation, controlling size and morphology while preventing aggregation, all performed under mild conditions. X-ray diffraction determined that the Ti hybrid was composed of TiO₂ brookite species. TEM analyses demonstrated the formation of well-dispersed nanostructures of around 700 nm. The resulting nanobiohybrids showed excellent photocatalytic activity, achieving >99% Rhodamine B degradation under UV light in only 1 h compared to visible light. The catalyst was capable of degrading Rhodamine B at a concentration approximately 36 times above the recommended threshold for water. Furthermore, a preactivation of the catalyst by direct exposition of it to UV-395 nm light greatly enhanced the efficiency in the photocatalytic process, being inactive in visible light. The Ti–enzyme hybrid showed excellent recyclability over five consecutive cycles and retained good activity after storage, demonstrating its stability. This study introduces a sustainable and efficient route for synthesizing Ti-based nanobiohybrids, providing a promising strategy for advanced photocatalytic applications in water treatment and environmental remediation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology)

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1 pages, 135 KB

Open AccessRetraction

RETRACTED: Al-Hussain et al. Application of New Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate–co-2-Acrylamido-2-me[thylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt-Magnetite Cryogel Nanocomposites for Fast Methylene Blue Removal from Industrial Waste Water. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 878

by Sami A. Al-Hussain, Ayman M. Atta, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, Abdelrahman O. Ezzat and Ahmed M. Tawfeek

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130822 - 3 Jul 2026

Viewed by 554

Abstract

The journal retracts the article titled “Application of New Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate–co-2-Acrylamido-2-me[thylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt-Magnetite Cryogel Nanocomposites for Fast Methylene Blue Removal from Industrial Waste Water” [...] Full article

29 pages, 8791 KB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Reactive Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Practical and Theoretical Approaches

by Iuliana Gabriela Breaban, Imad A. M. Ahmed, Maria Ignat and Loredana Brinza

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130821 - 2 Jul 2026

Viewed by 727

Abstract

This study addresses the critical challenge associated with the removal of reactive yellow dyes from aqueous media and industrial wastewater streams. Owing to their pronounced chemical stability and resistance to conventional degradation techniques, such dyes constitute a substantial environmental concern. In this context, [...] Read more.

This study addresses the critical challenge associated with the removal of reactive yellow dyes from aqueous media and industrial wastewater streams. Owing to their pronounced chemical stability and resistance to conventional degradation techniques, such dyes constitute a substantial environmental concern. In this context, the present work investigates the efficacy of unmodified magnetite nanoparticles (plate-like rounded structures 6–23 nm in size), synthesised under rigorously controlled conditions and well characterised, as high-performance adsorbents for the sequestration of persistent dye species exhibiting limited susceptibility to rapid degradation. The effects of key operational parameters on dye removal efficiency were systematically evaluated to establish optimal treatment conditions. Complete removal of reactive yellow dye (100%) was achieved within 30 min at low initial dye concentrations (20 mg/L) under mildly acidic conditions and continuous agitation. Adsorption equilibrium studies, interpreted using the Langmuir isotherm model, revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 33 mg/g under optimised conditions. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous (−ΔG° ≈ 46–54 kJ/mol) and endothermic (ΔH° = 21.12 kJ/mol), accompanied by an increase in system disorder (ΔS° = 0.2 kJ/mol × K). Importantly, experiments conducted using real wastewater matrices demonstrated performance comparable to that obtained in deionised water, thereby underscoring the practical applicability of the proposed system. Furthermore, the nanoparticles retained more than 90% removal efficiency after five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles, employing a basic eluent for dye desorption and surface regeneration. The intrinsic magnetic properties of the adsorbent additionally enable facile recovery and potential reutilisation in secondary applications, including asphalt production. Collectively, these findings highlight the considerable potential of magnetite nanoparticles as effective and reusable adsorbents for wastewater remediation and support further investigation toward pilot-scale implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoadsorbents for Environmental Remediation)

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11 pages, 6470 KB

Open AccessArticle

d-Band Engineering of Layered (Fe_1−xNi_x)₃GaTe₂ for Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution by Ni-Substitutional Doping

by Xiaomin Tian, Yuan Cao, Huilin Zhou, Fanjie Tan, Ziqin Zhang, Liying Pei, Yi Ma, Jianzhi Gao, Wenliang Zhu and Minghu Pan

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130820 - 2 Jul 2026

Viewed by 464

Abstract

Tuning the d-band electronic structure of non-noble-metal catalysts is a central strategy for an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), yet how composition controls the d orbital in multi-Wyckoff-site layered systems remains insufficiently understood. Here, layered (Fe_1-xNi_x)₃ [...] Read more.

Tuning the d-band electronic structure of non-noble-metal catalysts is a central strategy for an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), yet how composition controls the d orbital in multi-Wyckoff-site layered systems remains insufficiently understood. Here, layered (Fe_1-xNi_x)₃GaTe₂ single crystals (x = 0.2–1.0) were synthesized by the self-flux method as a platform to address this question. Single-crystal XRD and EDS confirm that Ni is uniformly incorporated into the parent P6₃/mmc framework while inducing a composition-dependent lattice evolution. Electrochemical measurements in 1.0 M KOH reveal a clear volcano-shaped composition dependence, peaking at x = 0.6, where the lowest overpotential, the smallest Tafel slope (94 mV dec⁻¹), the lowest charge-transfer resistance and the largest double-layer capacitance are simultaneously reached. First-principles calculations show that Ni doping reshapes the Fe-site d orbital strongly composition-dependent rate: the Fe d-band center upshifts rapidly by ~0.5 eV between x = 0.4 and x = 0.6, while the Ni d-band center stays nearly fixed in the same composition range. The maximum of HER activity therefore aligns with a steep upshift of the Fe d-band center rather than with the Ni content itself. Charge-density mapping of (Fe_0.4Ni_0.6)₃GaTe₂ further demonstrates that the electron-enriched regions are located on the Fe and interlayer Ni3 sublattices that dominate the d states near E_F. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Evolution Based on Nanocatalysts)

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41 pages, 25748 KB

Open AccessReview

Advances and Challenges in Pulsed Lasers Based on Low-Dimensional Material Saturable Absorbers

by Wenpei Zhang, Haotian Lu, Yunrou Wu, Weitao Liu, Tinglun Xing, Xi Wang, Xin Zhang and Ke Chen

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130819 - 2 Jul 2026

Viewed by 966

Abstract

Low-dimensional materials (LDMs) are often favored by researchers in the ultrafast photonics field for their low optical loss, ultrafast carrier response, broadband nonlinear absorption, and easy integration with optoelectronic systems. High-performance broadband saturable absorbers (SAs) fabricated from LDMs have become core components for [...] Read more.

Low-dimensional materials (LDMs) are often favored by researchers in the ultrafast photonics field for their low optical loss, ultrafast carrier response, broadband nonlinear absorption, and easy integration with optoelectronic systems. High-performance broadband saturable absorbers (SAs) fabricated from LDMs have become core components for achieving compact and miniaturized ultrafast laser. This paper systematically reviews the laser applications of LDM SAs in the near/mid-infrared spectral region, focusing on the pulse modulation mechanisms, material systems, and device integration approaches. It analyzes current research progress and challenges while outlining future development trends for LDM SAs in ultrafast pulsed lasers and optoelectronic devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Optical and Laser Applications)

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25 pages, 2819 KB

Open AccessReview

Microbial and Insect Gut-Mediated Polystyrene Microplastic Degradation for Environmental Remediation Applications

by Huy Loc Nguyen, Hong Minh Xuan Nguyen and Thi Bich Ngoc Nguyen

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130818 - 2 Jul 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 930

Abstract

Polystyrene (PS), particularly expanded polystyrene (EPS), is an environmentally significant commodity polymer that contributes substantially to secondary microplastic and nanoplastic pollution through environmental weathering and fragmentation. During aging, PS undergoes nano-scale physicochemical transformations, including chain scission, surface oxidation, and the formation of oxygen-containing [...] Read more.

Polystyrene (PS), particularly expanded polystyrene (EPS), is an environmentally significant commodity polymer that contributes substantially to secondary microplastic and nanoplastic pollution through environmental weathering and fragmentation. During aging, PS undergoes nano-scale physicochemical transformations, including chain scission, surface oxidation, and the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups, which profoundly influence its environmental fate, microbial colonization, and biodegradation behavior. Conventional remediation technologies remain energy-intensive and often fail to achieve complete mineralization, highlighting the need for sustainable and integrated remediation strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated that diverse microorganisms, including Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Bacillus, and Exiguobacterium, can colonize PS surfaces and initiate oxidative depolymerization through extracellular biofilm formation and oxidative enzymes such as styrene monooxygenase, laccases, and peroxidases. In parallel, insect-based systems, particularly Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio, provide unique biological platforms in which gut microbiota facilitate partial PS degradation and mineralization through synergistic host–microbe interactions. This review critically integrates recent advances in nano-scale PS transformation, microbial colonization, oxidative enzymatic pathways, insect gut-mediated biodegradation, and advanced analytical techniques used to characterize degradation processes. Emphasis is placed on nano–bio interactions and emerging nanotechnology-enabled remediation strategies, including engineered microbial consortia, biofilm-based bioreactors, and nanomaterial-assisted treatment systems. Finally, current limitations and future research priorities are discussed, including degradation kinetics, byproduct toxicity, standardized evaluation methods, and the integration of biological and nanomaterial-based approaches for scalable PS microplastic remediation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eco-Friendly Nanomaterials: Innovations in Sustainable Applications)

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13 pages, 25743 KB

Open AccessArticle

Boosting Photo-to-Thermal Conversion and 1-Nitronaphthalene Reduction in Fe-MOF via Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes Heat-Storage Cocatalyst

by Ying-Cong Wei, Zhuang Miao, Zhipeng Xie and Xiong-Feng Ma

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130817 - 2 Jul 2026

Viewed by 587

Abstract

The development of efficient and sustainable photothermal catalytic systems is pivotal for modern organic transformations. Herein, we report the rational design and solvothermal synthesis of NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) metal–organic frameworks (NM-101) integrated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the photothermal reduction in nitronaphthalene. The [...] Read more.

The development of efficient and sustainable photothermal catalytic systems is pivotal for modern organic transformations. Herein, we report the rational design and solvothermal synthesis of NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) metal–organic frameworks (NM-101) integrated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the photothermal reduction in nitronaphthalene. The optimized NM-101/75C composites exhibit exceptional catalytic activity and high selectivity under NIR light irradiation, delivering a high yield of 84.4% within 1 h, which significantly outperforms its individual components. Systematic control experiments and detailed spectroscopic investigations reveal a powerful synergistic effect at the MOF-CNT interface, where the CNTs play a dual role in augmenting light harvesting and facilitating charge carrier separation. Furthermore, the high photothermal conversion efficiency of the composite enables rapid reaction kinetics. This work provides a robust and scalable strategy for constructing high-performance photothermal catalysts, offering critical insights into the interfacial engineering of MOF-based materials for industrial chemical manufacturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Catalysts for Solar Energy Conversion)

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33 pages, 22180 KB

Open AccessReview

MRAM: A Versatile Non-Volatile Memory for Next-Generation Computing

by Zhihan Wang, Haiwen Li and Sheng Jiang

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130816 - 1 Jul 2026

Viewed by 1804

Abstract

Magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM), as a promising non-volatile memory technology, has attracted extensive research interest owing to its unique combination of high operating speed, exceptional endurance, low standby power consumption, and CMOS process compatibility. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of [...] Read more.

Magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM), as a promising non-volatile memory technology, has attracted extensive research interest owing to its unique combination of high operating speed, exceptional endurance, low standby power consumption, and CMOS process compatibility. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the technological evolution of MRAM, spanning from Toggle-MRAM to spin-transfer torque (STT)-MRAM and then to spin–orbit torque (SOT)-MRAM. The working mechanisms, performance trade-offs, and integration potential of each generation are systematically summarized. Furthermore, the diverse applications of MRAM—including embedded systems-on-chip (SoCs), edge computing, aerospace and automotive electronics, artificial intelligence accelerators, neuromorphic computing, and hardware-level security—are thoroughly discussed. We also identify key challenges hindering large-scale commercialization, such as the trade-off between write energy and speed, process complexity, storage density constraints, and cost competitiveness. Finally, emerging research directions are proposed, emphasizing short-term priorities such as write current reduction and yield improvement, as well as long-term development strategies focusing on material–device–algorithm co-optimization and ecosystem establishment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Spin and Orbital Torques: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications in Spintronics)

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29 pages, 2805 KB

Open AccessArticle

Low-Temperature xTB–MD–DFT Screening of Functionalized Oxide Surface-Patch Models (TiO₂, ZnO, CeO₂) for Hydrocarbon Association and Microbial-Proxy Perturbation Assessment in Cold Bioremediation

by Julio Guerra, Johana Zuñiga, Miguel Gualoto, Tania Oña and Marcelo Cevallos

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130815 - 1 Jul 2026

Viewed by 705

Abstract

Hydrocarbon biodegradation in cold environments is constrained not only by microbial catabolic capacity but also by interfacial access to poorly soluble substrates and by the way remediation materials interact with microbial envelope-related structures. This study presents an uncertainty-aware low-temperature computational screening workflow for [...] Read more.

Hydrocarbon biodegradation in cold environments is constrained not only by microbial catabolic capacity but also by interfacial access to poorly soluble substrates and by the way remediation materials interact with microbial envelope-related structures. This study presents an uncertainty-aware low-temperature computational screening workflow for prioritizing functionalized oxide surface-patch models that may favor hydrocarbon association while avoiding excessive perturbation of simplified microbial-interface proxies. Twelve finite oxide–ligand candidates derived from TiO₂, ZnO, and CeO₂ patches functionalized with bare, catechol, glycerol, or citric acid states were evaluated against three hydrocarbon probes, hexane, toluene, and naphthalene, and two microbial-interface proxies. The workflow combined GFN2-xTB geometry optimization and relative interaction-energy screening, clean GFN2-xTB/ALPB rescoring with rescue tracking, short xTB-MD perturbation analysis, ORCA refinement of selected candidates, sensitivity analysis of ranking parameters, and integrated evidence classification. The analysis supports interfacial selectivity, rather than maximum adsorption strength, as the central design principle. TiO₂–catechol and TiO₂–glycerol remain experimentally testable primary candidates because their original screening profile combines chemically interpretable hydrocarbon association with comparatively mild microbial-proxy interaction descriptors. ZnO–catechol and ZnO–glycerol emerged as sensitivity-competitive secondary candidates under several scoring assumptions. Completed short xTB-MD trajectories further showed that TiO₂–glycerol produced moderate perturbation against the peptide proxy, whereas TiO₂–glycerol against NAG and ZnO–catechol against the peptide proxy showed very high proxy displacement. Overall, the workflow provides a transparent prioritization framework for experimental validation. Full article

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29 pages, 23875 KB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ via Sol-Gel Method for Congo Red Adsorption: Kinetic Analysis and DFT Insights

by Yiwang Tang, Hongxia Wang, Junchao Zhang, Yuning Ma, Xiyao Tian, Xintong Liu and Xiulan Xin

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130814 - 1 Jul 2026

Viewed by 472

Abstract

With the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability, the proper treatment of industrial wastewater and the protection of groundwater resources have become pressing global concerns. Congo red (CR), a widely used azo dye, enters water bodies via wastewater discharge, posing persistent ecological risks to [...] Read more.

With the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability, the proper treatment of industrial wastewater and the protection of groundwater resources have become pressing global concerns. Congo red (CR), a widely used azo dye, enters water bodies via wastewater discharge, posing persistent ecological risks to surface and groundwater systems. Adsorption, as a direct and sustainable remediation approach, necessitates the development of high-performance adsorbents to inhibit CR migration into groundwater. In this study, a Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ composite was synthesized via sol-gel method for efficient CR adsorption, thereby mitigating groundwater contamination risk. The composite exhibited a high specific surface area (246.22 m²/g) and a maximum adsorption capacity of 1027.72 mg/g. Adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, consistent with chemisorption-driven monolayer adsorption. The Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion model confirmed rapid initial surface adsorption, beneficial for practical groundwater remediation. pH-dependent adsorption efficiency further indicated the role of electrostatic interactions, informing process optimization under varying groundwater chemistries. DFT calculations demonstrated that Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ possesses a higher adsorption affinity for CR than γ-Al₂O₃. Collectively, Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ shows strong potential as a novel, efficient adsorbent for CR interception and groundwater quality protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Materials: Cross-Scale Innovations from Molecular Design to Macroscopic Applications)

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15 pages, 4263 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatially Confined Co-N₄ Sites on N-Doped Carbon Nanotube for Efficient Salt-Free Neutral H₂O₂ Electrosynthesis

by Manman Zou, Xiaoling Zhuang, Qin Tian and Jili Yuan

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130813 - 1 Jul 2026

Viewed by 580

Abstract

Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e⁻-ORR) represents a sustainable and energy-efficient approach for decentralized hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production compared with the conventional anthraquinone process. Among various electrocatalysts, metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) materials have attracted extensive attention owing to their tunable [...] Read more.

Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e⁻-ORR) represents a sustainable and energy-efficient approach for decentralized hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production compared with the conventional anthraquinone process. Among various electrocatalysts, metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) materials have attracted extensive attention owing to their tunable electronic structures and favorable *OOH adsorption behavior. However, the uncontrolled pyrolysis process generally leads to structurally heterogeneous and ill-defined coordination environments, making it difficult to precisely regulate active sites and understand catalytic mechanisms. Herein, we report a single-atom catalyst (CoN@OCNT) featuring spatially confined pyridinic-N-coordinated Co single sites, synthesized by anchoring a well-defined hexapod terpyridine Co-precursor onto oxidized carbon nanotubes (OCNTs) to suppress metal aggregation during pyrolysis. Benefiting from the optimized coordination environment and enhanced mass/electron transfer, the CoN@OCNT catalyst exhibits nearly 100% H₂O₂ selectivity over a wide potential window from −1.0 to 0.66 V versus RHE in neutral electrolyte. In situ FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy reveal a rapid *OOH-mediated reaction pathway during the 2e⁻-ORR process. Furthermore, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) testing demonstrates an H₂O₂ production rate of 21.8 mol h⁻¹ g_cat⁻¹ with stable operation over 80 h at 60 mA cm⁻². Remarkably, at an industrially relevant current density of 300 mA cm⁻², the catalyst achieves a record H₂O₂ production rate of 70.3 mol h⁻¹ g_cat⁻¹ and a salt-free H₂O₂ concentration of 9.4 mM, highlighting its great potential for practical large-scale H₂O₂ electrosynthesis in neutral media. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Green Catalysis in Nanomaterials—Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis)

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17 pages, 5051 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Field Coupled Cyclic Degradation Mechanisms of Alumina Ceramic Fiber Ropes

by Hongkai Guo, Lei Shang, Hanlei Zhai, Chunlin Wang, Zhihong Han, Jiajin Xu, Jiahui Zhou, Zhiqiang Luan, Xing Peng and Wenbo Han

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130812 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 476

Abstract

Continuous alumina (Al₂O₃) fibers are critical reinforcement materials for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) utilized in extreme high-temperature environments. While their baseline thermal and mechanical properties are well-documented, their long-term service reliability in complex, multi-field environments—specifically coupled thermal, hygral, and [...] Read more.

Continuous alumina (Al₂O₃) fibers are critical reinforcement materials for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) utilized in extreme high-temperature environments. While their baseline thermal and mechanical properties are well-documented, their long-term service reliability in complex, multi-field environments—specifically coupled thermal, hygral, and atmospheric conditions—remains insufficiently quantified. This study systematically investigates the degradation mechanisms of alumina ceramic fiber ropes subjected to simulated engine exhaust atmospheres and cyclic rain exposure. By integrating macroscopic tensile testing with rigorous multi-scale microstructural characterizations (SEM, XRD, TGA, and advanced surface chemical state analyses via EDS and XPS), a comprehensive degradation model is proposed. Our findings reveal a pronounced two-stage mechanical degradation behavior: an initial catastrophic strength collapse followed by a stabilization phase. We elucidate that the initial embrittlement is governed not merely by thermal damage, but fundamentally by the hydrothermal volatilization and depletion of the surface amorphous SiO₂ binder, which annihilates the inter-fiber cooperative load-sharing capability. Concurrently, quantitative XPS and XRD analyses strongly suggest that the internal amorphous grain-boundary films undergo rapid structural rearrangement and crystallization, effectively homogenizing the microstructure and shifting the fracture mechanics from energy-dissipative crack deflection to unhindered brittle cleavage. After the preferential depletion of the amorphous silicate phase, the exposed α-Al₂O₃ core dictates a stabilized mechanical response. This research provides critical theoretical frameworks and experimental evidence for the life-cycle assessment and microstructural optimization of advanced oxide ceramic fibers in next-generation aerospace applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon/Ceramic Nanocomposites: Microstructure and Properties)

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16 pages, 3994 KB

Open AccessArticle

A One-Step Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Approach to Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Hollow and Porous YBO₃:Eu³⁺ Microspheres

by Linhui Gao, Yifu Liu, Hongliang Zhu, Yuan Wang, Qiuying Wang and Xinggang Shan

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130811 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 489

Abstract

YBO₃:Eu³⁺ phosphors are regarded as strong candidates for high-performance luminescent materials owing to their excellent luminescence efficiency. In this study, novel YBO₃:Eu³⁺ porous/hollow microspheres were synthesized via a simple, continuous ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) process using different [...] Read more.

YBO₃:Eu³⁺ phosphors are regarded as strong candidates for high-performance luminescent materials owing to their excellent luminescence efficiency. In this study, novel YBO₃:Eu³⁺ porous/hollow microspheres were synthesized via a simple, continuous ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) process using different organic additives. XRD analysis confirms that all samples crystallize in a pure hexagonal YBO₃ phase, indicating that the additives do not affect phase formation. Electron microscopy reveals a clear morphological evolution from solid to porous and hollow microspheres, with tunable shell thickness and cavity size. Compared with solid microspheres, the obtained hollow microspheres significantly reduce the consumption of rare earth materials with minimal influence on luminescence properties. The results suggest that hollow microspheres are promising substitutes for solid microspheres in the field of rare earth phosphors and the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) approach shows great potential in large-scale synthesis of morphology-controllable microspheres. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Luminescent and Fluorescent Nanomaterials)

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14 pages, 2384 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fluorination Site and Degree Regulate the Decomposition of Fluorinated Ethyl Acetate Solvents on Lithium Metal: A First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Study

by Fuming Du, Shuting Hu, Xiao Wang, Xin Gu, Jianjun Liu and Hailong Hu

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130810 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 489

Abstract

Fluorinated carboxylate ester solvents are promising electrolyte components for lithium metal batteries because they can improve oxidative stability and promote LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. However, how fluorination position and degree regulate their intrinsic decomposition behavior on lithium metal remains unclear. Herein, [...] Read more.

Fluorinated carboxylate ester solvents are promising electrolyte components for lithium metal batteries because they can improve oxidative stability and promote LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. However, how fluorination position and degree regulate their intrinsic decomposition behavior on lithium metal remains unclear. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were employed to systematically investigate six pure fluorinated ethyl acetate solvents on the Li(001) surface, including α-fluorinated ethyl fluoroacetate (EFA), ethyl difluoroacetate (EDFA), and ethyl trifluoroacetate (ETFA), as well as β-fluorinated 2-fluoroethyl acetate (FEA), 2,2-difluoroethyl acetate (DFEA), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate (TFEA). Electronic-structure analysis shows that although the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of all six solvents are mainly distributed around the carbonyl and adjacent regions, the dominant electron-accepting center strongly depends on the fluorination position. In α-fluorinated solvents, the LUMO is highly localized on the α-C atom directly bonded to fluorine, whereas in β-fluorinated solvents, it remains concentrated around the carbonyl C atom. Real-time Bader charge and bond-evolution analyses reveal that fluorination position is the primary factor governing the initial decomposition pathway. The α-fluorinated series preferentially undergoes C-F bond cleavage, and increasing fluorination degree induces deeper cascade decomposition; fully fluorinated ETFA even exhibits C=O double bond cleavage. In contrast, β-fluorinated solvents preferentially undergo carbonyl-side C-O bond cleavage, while C-F bond cleavage occurs only in subsequent steps or is completely suppressed. Notably, β-fluorinated solvents retain high chemical stability even with α-H atoms because the LUMO electron density on α-H is negligible. Meanwhile, limited deep decomposition can still provide F⁻ species for SEI formation. These findings establish an atomic-level structure–reactivity relationship for fluorinated carboxylate ester solvents and provide theoretical guidance for designing stable electrolyte solvents for lithium metal batteries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Storage Nanomaterials for Batteries and Supercapacitors)

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32 pages, 5741 KB

Open AccessReview

Smart Hydrophobic Surfaces: Nature-Inspired Designs for Sustainable Nanostructure Technologies

by Aigerim G. Zhaxybayeva, Muhammad Hashami, Meruyert Nazhipkyzy, Nakhypbek U. Aldiyarov, Saltanat S. Kaliyeva, Nazira B. Kassenova, Aina S. Khamitova, Altynbek A. Zhaparov and Adlet T. Otenov

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130809 - 30 Jun 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1015

Abstract

Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces have emerged as key solutions for fluid transport, biofouling prevention, and energy efficiency, with market forecasts projecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 15% through 2030 due to their broad range of applications. This review critically examines [...] Read more.

Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces have emerged as key solutions for fluid transport, biofouling prevention, and energy efficiency, with market forecasts projecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 15% through 2030 due to their broad range of applications. This review critically examines the principles of natural hydrophobicity, as exemplified by lotus leaves and shark skin, and their translation into engineered surfaces via micro/nanofabrication techniques, such as laser patterning, etching, and self-assembly. Recent advances in hybrid nanomaterials have demonstrated WCAs in the range of 140–160°, along with enhanced mechanical strength and chemical stability, enabling applications in self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, and oil–water separation technologies. Superhydrophobic coatings are particularly important for reducing ice adhesion by more than 80%, while drag reduction in pipelines can reach up to 30%, contributing to energy savings. Despite these advances, challenges remain in achieving long-term stability under harsh environmental conditions, minimizing environmental impact, and developing cost-effective, scalable fabrication techniques. Future directions focus on environmentally friendly, multifunctional nanocomposites with switchable wettability, including pH- and light-responsive coatings capable of reversibly transitioning between superhydrophilic (<5°) and superhydrophobic (>150°) states, paving the way for sustainable and adaptable surface technologies. Full article

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2 pages, 3945 KB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Ahmed et al. Comparative Carcinogenicity of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes of Different Lengths Administered by Intratracheal Installation into Rat Lungs. Nanomaterials 2025, 15, 1402

by Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed, Dina Mourad Saleh, William T. Alexander, Hiroshi Takase, Yuhji Taquahashi, Motoki Hojo, Ai Maeno, Katsumi Fukamachi, Min Gi, Akihiko Hirose, Shuji Tsuruoka, Satoru Takahashi, Hiroyuki Tsuda and Aya Naiki-Ito

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130808 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 424

Abstract

In the original publication [...] Full article

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28 pages, 5886 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Advances in Green Nanotechnology for Water Treatment: A Systematic Review of Uranium and Thorium Removal from Water

by Simão Martins, Maria de Lurdes Dinis, Beatriz Bento, Maria Cristina Vila, Erika Andrea Levei, Anamaria Iulia Török, Deniz Avsar, Mila Kristiina Pelkonen, Niroshan Gajendra and Laura Ferrando-Climent

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130807 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 872

Abstract

This systematic review evaluates the application of green-synthesized nanoparticles for the removal of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) from contaminated water sources. The study focuses on the synthesis methods, adsorption performance, operational parameters, and environmental implications associated with these nanomaterials. Following PRISMA guidelines, [...] Read more.

This systematic review evaluates the application of green-synthesized nanoparticles for the removal of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) from contaminated water sources. The study focuses on the synthesis methods, adsorption performance, operational parameters, and environmental implications associated with these nanomaterials. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies published between 2015 and 2025 were identified through searches conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The review highlights the predominance of iron-based nanoparticles, biochar-derived materials, and biopolymer-based composites, many of which demonstrated removal efficiencies exceeding 90% and high adsorption capacities for U (VI) and Th (IV). Key factors influencing performance include solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contaminant concentration, and contact time. The review also examines adsorption mechanisms, regeneration potential, scalability challenges, and concerns related to environmental safety and nanoparticle recovery. Although the reported results demonstrate significant potential for radionuclide remediation, most studies remain limited to laboratory-scale experiments using synthetic water. This review synthesizes current knowledge, identifies existing research gaps, and discusses future directions required to support the practical implementation of green nanotechnologies for sustainable water treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology)

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20 pages, 16629 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Broadband and High-Performance Microwave-Absorbing Spinel NiCo₂O₄ Regulated by Fe Doping

by Yuanyuan Lv, Yujia Liu, Danyang Bai, Neng Li and Jin Liu

Nanomaterials 2026, 16(13), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16130806 - 30 Jun 2026

Viewed by 395

Abstract

Spinel NiCo₂O₄ has emerged as a promising microwave absorption material due to its unique crystal structure and abundant defect sites. Nevertheless, its low intrinsic electrical conductivity leads to insufficient conductive loss and unsatisfactory high-frequency impedance matching, severely limiting the simultaneous [...] Read more.

Spinel NiCo₂O₄ has emerged as a promising microwave absorption material due to its unique crystal structure and abundant defect sites. Nevertheless, its low intrinsic electrical conductivity leads to insufficient conductive loss and unsatisfactory high-frequency impedance matching, severely limiting the simultaneous realization of strong electromagnetic attenuation and broad absorption bandwidth. Fe³⁺ doping is an effective modification strategy for NiCo₂O₄ by virtue of its matched ionic radius and dual modulation capability for dielectric and magnetic properties. Herein, pristine and Fe-doped NiCo₂O₄ absorbers with different doping contents (4%, 6%, 8%) were fabricated via a hydrothermal–calcination route, and the correlation between Fe doping concentration, microstructure, electronic structure, electromagnetic properties, and microwave absorption performance was systematically investigated. Benefiting from moderate 6% Fe doping, the optimized F6 sample exhibits a refined porous nano-agglomerate structure, which provides abundant heterogeneous interfaces and pore channels for electromagnetic wave scattering and attenuation. The introduced oxygen vacancies and balanced Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺, Co²⁺/Co³⁺, and Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ mixed-valence states effectively strengthen interfacial and dipole polarization, while the optimized electrical conductivity and magnetic properties synergistically boost conductive and magnetic losses. Owing to the dual-loss synergism and superior impedance matching (58% proportion of Δ < 0.4), the F6 sample achieves an excellent minimum reflection loss of −62.7 dB at 2.2 mm and a wide effective absorption bandwidth of 4.6 GHz. This work clarifies the intrinsic structure–performance mechanism of Fe-doped NiCo₂O₄, providing a reliable and feasible strategy for the design and preparation of high-performance spinel-type microwave-absorbing materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harvesting Electromagnetic Fields with Nanomaterials)

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