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23 July 2026

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RETRACTED: Zhou and Feng (2023). When Religious Folk Practice Meet Karl Marx: Courts’ Response to Ghost Marriage in Modern China. Religions 14: 764

and
1
Law School, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
2
Guanghua Law School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
The journal retracts the article titled “When Religious Folk Practice Meet Karl Marx: Courts’ Response to Ghost Marriage in Modern China” (Zhou and Feng 2023), cited above.
Following publication, the authors notified the Editorial Office of concerns regarding the required completeness and representativeness of the underlying public available dataset in this article (Zhou and Feng 2023).
In accordance with standard journal procedures, the Editorial Office and Editorial Board conducted an investigation in which the authors indicated that the public available dataset obtained from China Judgements Online used in this publication (Zhou and Feng 2023) was found to be incomplete due to limitations in the underlying database, which therefore is not apt for this kind of study. Moreover, the Editorial Board’s independent evaluation confirmed significant limitations in the public database.
As a result, the authors and the Editorial Board have lost confidence in the reliability of the study’s findings and have decided to retract this paper (Zhou and Feng 2023) as per MDPI’s retraction policy.
This retraction was approved by the Editors-in-Chief of the journal Religions.
The authors agree with this decision.

Reference

  1. Zhou, Wenzhang, and Yang Feng. 2023. RETRACTED: When Religious Folk Practice Meet Karl Marx: Courts’ Response to Ghost Marriage in Modern China. Religions 14: 764. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
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