Patterns and Predictors of Recovery from Poor Health Status Measured with the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test in Patients with Stable COPD: A Longitudinal Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Outcome Measure
2.4. Baseline Measures
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Rates and Probabilities of a Transition at 1 Year
3.3. Predictors of Recovery from a Poor Health Status
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications for Practice and Research
4.2. Strengths and Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All (n = 137) | Non-Poor Health Status (n = 37) | Poor Health Status (n = 100) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic variables | ||||
Age (years), mean ± SD | 66.9 ± 8.3 | 65.9 ± 8.58 | 67.2 ± 8.24 | 0.394 |
Male | 120 (87.6) | 32 (86.5) | 88 (88.0) | 0.811 |
Non-pulmonary variables | ||||
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 28.92 ± 5.05 | 28.58 ± 5.40 | 29.04 ± 4.94 | 0.635 |
Number Comorbidities, mean ± SD | 3.15 ± 1.64) | 2.84 ± 1.62 | 3.26 ± 1.64 | 0.184 |
Heart disease (yes) | 19 (13.9) | 2 (5.4) | 17 (17.0) | 0.081 |
Depression (HAD-D ≥ 11) | 13 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 13 (13.0) | 0.021 |
Low physical activity | 37 (27.0) | 10 (27.0) | 27 (27.0) | 0.000 |
Handgrip strength, mean ±SD | 28.30 ± 7.98 | 29.34 ± 8.13 | 27.91 ± 7.93 | 0.353 |
6-minute walk test (m), mean ± SD | 349.13 ± 84.69 | 380.95 ± 68.53 | 336.99 ± 87.39 | 0.007 |
5STS ≥ 2 | 99 (72.3) | 35 (94.6) | 64 (64.0) | 0.000 |
Pulmonary variables | ||||
Smoking, mean pack-years ± SD | 58.72 ± 25.46 | 51.08 ± 19.69 | 61.55 ± 26.83 | 0.015 |
Current non-smoker | 96 (70.1) | 28 (75.7) | 68 (68.0) | 0.384 |
CAT score, mean ± SD | 14.19 (7.31) | 6.03 (2.17) | 17.21 (6.14) | 0.000 |
Dyspnea (mMRC ≥ 2) | 49 (35.8) | 2 (5.4) | 47 (47.0) | 0.000 |
Exacerbations b ≥ 2 | 79 (57.7) | 11 (29.7) | 68 (68.0) | 0.000 |
FEV1 (% predicted), mean ± SD | 50.21 ± 16.49 | 58.16 ± 14.94 | 47.27 ± 16.13 | 0.000 |
GOLD Stage | 0.000 | |||
A | 24 (17.5) | 23 (62.2) | 1 (1.0) | |
B | 22 (16.1) | 0 (0) | 22 (22.0) | |
C | 12 (8.8) | 12 (32.4) | 0 (0) | |
D | 79 (57.7) | 2 (5.4) | 77 (77.0) |
Predictors | Model 1 b | Model 2 c | Model 3 d |
---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic variables | |||
Age (per year) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) 0.565 | 1.27 (0.96–1.08) 0.455 | |
Female | 1.67 (0.50–5.58) 0.40 | 4.17 (0.65–26.31) 0.129 | |
Non-pulmonary variables | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.91 (0.85–0.99) 0.042 | 0.90 (0.81–1.00) 0.067 | |
Number of comorbidities | 1.03 (0.77–1.39) 0.808 | ||
Heart disease (yes) | 0.48 (0.10–2.27) 0.356 | ||
Depression (HAD-D ≥ 11) | 0.71 (0.15–3.26) 0.662 | ||
Low physical activity | 0.60 (0.21–1.70) 0.341 | ||
Handgrip strength | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) 0.035 | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) 0.049 | |
6-minute walk test (m) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) 0.949 | ||
5STS ≥ 2 | 2.31 (0.88–6.08) 0.089 | 1.88 (0.64–5.54) 0.247 | |
Pulmonary variables | |||
Smoking, pack-years | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) 0.826 | ||
Current non-smoker | 2.77 (0.92–8.33) 0.068 | 3.92 (1.11–13.73) 0.033 | |
Dyspnea (mMRC ≥ 2) | 0.33 (0.12–0.94) 0.038 | 0.40 (0.10–1.58) 0.195 | |
Exacerbations ≥ 2 | 0.88 (0.35–2.25) 0.801 | ||
FEV1 (% of predicted) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) 0.112 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) 0.357 |
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Medina-Mirapeix, F.; Bernabeu-Mora, R.; Sánchez-Martínez, M.P.; Gacto-Sánchez, M.; Martín San Agustín, R.; Montilla-Herrador, J. Patterns and Predictors of Recovery from Poor Health Status Measured with the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test in Patients with Stable COPD: A Longitudinal Study. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 946. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070946
Medina-Mirapeix F, Bernabeu-Mora R, Sánchez-Martínez MP, Gacto-Sánchez M, Martín San Agustín R, Montilla-Herrador J. Patterns and Predictors of Recovery from Poor Health Status Measured with the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test in Patients with Stable COPD: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(7):946. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070946
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedina-Mirapeix, Francesc, Roberto Bernabeu-Mora, Maria Piedad Sánchez-Martínez, Mariano Gacto-Sánchez, Rodrigo Martín San Agustín, and Joaquina Montilla-Herrador. 2019. "Patterns and Predictors of Recovery from Poor Health Status Measured with the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test in Patients with Stable COPD: A Longitudinal Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 7: 946. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070946