Brain Sciences, Volume 13, Issue 3

Objectives: Postoperative neurological deficits remain a challenge in cardiac surgery employing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of WIN55, 212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, on brain injury in a rat mo...

Nervous system diseases present significant challenges to the neuroscience community due to ethical and practical constraints that limit access to appropriate research materials. Somatic cell reprogramming has been proposed as a novel way to obtain n...

Depression is a serious psychological disorder which negatively affects human feelings and actions. The use of antidepressants is the therapy of choice while treating depression. However, such drugs are associated with severe side effects. There is a...

There is a growing body of research examining the potential benefits of music therapy-based auditory stimulation (MT) for individuals with movement disorders in improving gait performance. However, there is limited knowledge about the effects of MT o...

As there is no curative treatment for dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is important to establish an optimal nonpharmaceutical preventive intervention. Physical inactivity is a representative modifiable risk factor for dementia,...

Background: There is a growing consensus that chronological age (CA) is not an accurate indicator of the aging process and that biological age (BA) instead is a better measure of an individual’s risk of age-related outcomes and a more accurate...

This study aimed to compare the functional connectivity (FC) assessed during acute stress and recovery after stress using the Montreal imaging stress task (MIST) in adults in their 20s and 30s with Korean Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores between 1...

Heightened average life expectancy, which is increasing the number of older adults destined to live alone in the future, is forcing society to acknowledge the strong positive correlation between health costs and age [...]

Thai has its own unique spelling system and grammatical rules. Its word order is quite different from that of Mandarin and English, thus making it more difficult for students in Taiwan to learn. Past studies also point out that learning word order is...

Transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) is expressed in a subset of resident macrophage cells of the brain and was proposed as a marker for native brain microglia. The presence of cells expressing TMEM119 in the cochlea has not yet been described. Thus,...

Craniopharyngiomas are commonly classified as low-grade tumors, although they may harbor a malignant behavior due to their high rate of recurrence and long-term morbidity. Craniopharyngiomas are classically distinguished into two histological types (...

Background: Previous studies revealed that sleep deprivation (SD) impairs risk perception and leads to poor decision-making efficiency. However, how risk perception is related to brain regions’ communication after SD has not been elucidated. In...

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents one of the greatest challenges to public health in modern history. As the disease continues to spread globally, medical and allied healthcare professionals have become one of the most affected sectors. Stress...

Recent studies have questioned past conclusions regarding the mechanisms of the McGurk illusion, especially how McGurk susceptibility might inform our understanding of audiovisual (AV) integration. We previously proposed that the McGurk illusion is l...

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), an important postoperative neurological complication, is very common and has an elevated incidence in elderly patients. Sevoflurane, an inhaled anesthetic, has been demonstrated to be associated with POCD i...

The involvement of iron in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be multifaceted. Besides potentially inducing oxidative damage, the bioavailability of iron may be limited within the central nervous system, creating a functionally ir...

Personal familiarity facilitates rapid and optimized detection of faces. In this study, we investigated whether familiarity associated with faces can also facilitate the detection of facial expressions. Models of face processing propose that face ide...

The main histopathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the loss of neuromelanin as a consequence of decreased dopamine synthesis. The destructi...

TBI (traumatic brain injury) is one of the most common causes of deaths and failure to return to society according to the latest statistics. Cerebrolysin is a drug approved for use in patients diagnosed with TBI. It is a mixture of neuropeptides deri...

The genetic basis of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension (NOH) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been inadequately explored. In a cross-sectional study, we examined the association between NOH and PD-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)...

Suicide, a global health burden, represents the 17th leading cause of death worldwide (1.3%), but the 4th among young people aged between 15 and 29 years of age, according to World Health Organization (WHO), 2019. Suicidal behaviour is a complex, mul...

The control circuits of blood pressure have a strong neural regulatory element important in the pathogenesis of essential drug-resistant hypertension. Targeting lower medullary neural control mechanisms of blood pressure by electrical stimulation cou...

The syndrome of limbic encephalitis is a severe clinical condition with heterogenous aetiopathogenesis. A common pathogen causing the infectious syndrome of limbic encephalitis is herpes simplex virus (HSV), but rare cases caused by Treponema pallidu...

Abnormalities in cardiorespiratory measurements have repeatedly been found in patients with panic disorder (PD) during laboratory-based assessments. However, recordings performed outside laboratory settings are required to test the ecological validit...

Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease, in which a founder effect has been described for A431E mutation in the PSEN1 gene, with most of the affected patients being residents of a small town in the st...

Advancements in modern medicine have improved the quality of life across the globe and increased the average lifespan of our population by multiple decades. Current estimates predict by 2030, 12% of the global population will reach a geriatric age an...

Background: This literature review evaluates the use and efficacy of telemedicine in cognitive and psychological treatment in Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Studies performed between 2016 and 2021 that fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected...

Objective: The aim of this work is to define a methodological strategy for the minimally invasive tubular retractor (MITR) parafascicular transulcal approach (PTA) for the management of brain tumors sited in eloquent areas. Methods: An observational...

Objective: Older adults with sleep disorders (SDs) show impaired working memory abilities, and working memory processes are closely related to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the neural mechanism of working memory impairment in older adults wit...

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a tumor that infiltrates several brain structures. GBM is associated with abnormal motor activities resulting in impaired mobility, producing a loss of functional motor independence. We used a GBM xenograft implanted...

Background: The complex nature and heterogeneity involving pituitary surgery results have increased interest in machine learning (ML) applications for prediction of outcomes over the last decade. This study aims to systematically review the character...

The assessment of attention in neuropsychological patients could be performed with visual search tests. The Broken Rings enVision Search test (BReViS) here proposed represents a novel open access paper-and-pencil tool in which layout and crowding are...

Depression may occur in patients with multiple sclerosis, especially during interferon-β (IFN-β) treatment, and therapy with antidepressants may be necessary. Interactions of IFN-β with antidepressants concerning glia-mediated inflamma...

Despite available, advanced pharmacological and behavioral therapies, refractory chronic facial pain of different origins still poses a therapeutic challenge. In circumstances where there is insufficient responsiveness to pharmacological/behavioral t...

Studies in the literature have shown how the preference towards local or global processing can vary according to different characteristics of the stimuli involved, such as stimulus type and stimulus time duration. In the present study, we investigate...

Background. Finding the associations between schizophrenia symptoms and the biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and the kynurenine pathway may lead to the individualization of treatment and increase its effectiveness. Methods. The study grou...

Background and aims: Although the distinction between vascular parkinsonism (VP) and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) is widely described, it is not uncommon to find parkinsonisms with overlapping clinical and neuroimaging features even in...

Bilingualism has been linked with improved function regarding certain aspects of linguistic processing, e.g., novel word acquisition and learning unfamiliar sound patterns. Two non mutually-exclusive approaches might explain these results. One is rel...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal brain activity. Epileptic patients suffer from unpredictable seizures, which may cause a loss of awareness. Seizures are considered drug resistant if treatment does not affect success. Thi...

Incidental emotions would lead to accidents by influencing risk perception. However, few works of research further studied how incidental emotions affect risk perception at the neurological level. Before the experimental task, we used video clips for...

Background: It is crucial to understand the neural feedback mechanisms and the cognitive decision-making of the brain during the processing of rewards. Here, we report the first attempt for a simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)–functional...

Bachground In this study, we hypothesize that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may improve well-being and the related outcomes in Alzheimer’s dementia patients (AD-P) at an early stage. MBIs consist of the practice of consciously observin...

The brain–computer interface (BCI), which provides a new way for humans to directly communicate with robots without the involvement of the peripheral nervous system, has recently attracted much attention. Among all the BCI paradigms, BCIs based...

Fence-post catheter techniques are used to use tumor margins when resecting gliomas. In the present study, deep electrodes instead of catheters were used as fence-posts. The case of a 25-year-old female patient whose magnetic resonance images (MRI) r...

Objective: The coronavirus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae, which are not branched single-stranded RNA viruses. COVID-19 creates respiratory problems and infections ranging from mild to severe. The virus features mechanisms that serve to delay...

There is a distinct preponderance of female insomniacs when compared to male insomniacs. The aim of this study was to examine possible gender differences in the causes for insomnia, and the phenotypes of insomnia, and to investigate whether gender-sp...

Telerehabilitation has proved to be a useful tool for neurodevelopmental disorders in allowing timely and intensive intervention and preventing relapses; it is also widely used for specific learning disabilities (SLD), showing significant effects on...

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory mode of lytic cell death mediated by GSDMD (Gasd...

Clinical studies have shown that speech pauses can reflect the cognitive function differences between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and non-AD patients, while the value of pause information in AD detection has not been fully explored. Herein, we pro...

(1) Background: Several findings have shown how social stimuli can influence attentional processes. Social attention is crucial in team ball sports, in which players have to react to dynamically changing, unpredictable, and externally paced environme...