Investigation of the Effect of Three Commercial Water Acidifiers on the Performance, Gut Health, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Experimentally Challenged Broiler Chicks
by
, , , , , , , , and
Tilemachos Mantzios
1,*
,
Vasilios Tsiouris
1
,
Georgios A. Papadopoulos
2
,
Vangelis Economou
3
,
Evanthia Petridou
4
,
Georgia D. Brellou
5,
Ilias Giannenas
6
,
Costas G. Biliaderis
7,
Konstantinos Kiskinis
1 and
Paschalis Fortomaris
4 1
Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Laboratory of Food Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
4
Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
5
Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
6
Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
7
Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2023, 13(12), 2037; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13122037
Submission received: 1 May 2023
/
Revised: 16 June 2023
/
Accepted: 18 June 2023
/
Published: 20 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Collection Poultry Nutrition and Metabolism)
Simple Summary
Campylobacter jejuni is considered the most common causative agent of human bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide with poultry products, and especially broilers meat, being the most common source. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the continuous application of three commercial water acidifiers (ProPhorce™ SA Exclusive, Premium acid, and Salgard® Liquid) on the performance, gut health, and C. jejuni colonization in experimentally challenged broiler chicks. The experimental findings demonstrated that acidification of the drinking water by the tested products did not affect the transmission of C. jejuni from the seeder to sentinel birds, under the conditions used in this study. However, all the products ameliorated the adverse effects induced by C. jejuni infection in the physicochemical characteristics of the intestinal content. Finally, the continuous use of certain products from the first days of life evoked undesirable effects on broilers’ performance and induced severe gross lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract, leading to the need to modify the dosage scheme in future investigations.
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of three commercial water acidifiers on the performance, gut health, and C. jejuni colonization in experimentally challenged broiler chicks. A total of 192 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308®) were randomly allocated into 6 treatment groups with 4 replicates according to the following experimental design: group A, birds were not challenged and received tap water; group B, birds were challenged and received tap water; groups C, D, E, and F, birds were challenged and received tap water treated with 0.1% v/v SPECTRON®, with 0.1–0.2% v/v ProPhorce™ SA Exclusive, with 0.1–0.2% v/v Premium acid, and with 0.1–0.2% v/v Salgard® Liquid, respectively. The continuous water acidification evoked undesirable effects on broilers’ performance and to an increased number of birds with ulcers and erosions in the oral cavity and the upper esophageal area. ProPhorce™ SA Exclusive and Premium acid significantly reduced the C. jejuni counts in the crop, whereas Salgard® Liquid significantly reduced the C. jejuni counts in the ceca of birds. At slaughter age, only Premium acid significantly reduced C. jejuni counts in the ceca of birds. All the tested products ameliorated the changes induced by C. jejuni infection in the pH in the ceca of birds. It can be concluded that besides the effectiveness of the tested products in controlling C. jejuni in broilers, their continuous application evoked undesirable effects on broilers’ performance, leading to the need to modify the dosage scheme in future investigations.
Keywords:
C. jejuni; water additives; poultry; broilers; One Health; water sanitation; biosecurity; gut health; toxicity
