Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Outbreaks in the United States, 2010–2017
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Surveillance
2.2. Definitions
2.3. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sources
3.2. Severity
3.3. Demographic Characteristics
3.4. Seasonality and Geography
3.5. Settings
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Disclaimer
References
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STEC | Serogroup Category | Top non-O157 Serogroups | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total † | O157 | Non-O157 ‡ | p | O26 | O111 | O121 | |||||||
Transmission source | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | |
Food | 200 | (43) | 146 | (44) | 51 | (41) | 0.55 | 18 | (40) | 7 | (30) | 8 | (50) |
Veg. row crops | 32 | (16) | 24 | (16) | 8 | (16) | 0.90 | 3 | (16) | 2 | (29) | 0 | (0) |
Beef | 26 | (13) | 24 | (16) | 2 | (4) | 0.02 | 1 | (6) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
Dairy | 19 | (10) | 15 | (10) | 3 | (6) | 0.35 | 1 | (6) | 1 | (14) | 0 | (0) |
Fruit | 8 | (4) | 6 | (4) | 2 | (4) | 0.95 | 0 | (0) | 1 | (14) | 0 | (0) |
Other foods § | 42 | (21) | 29 | (20) | 12 | (24) | 0.58 | 1 | (6) | 1 | (14) | 5 | (63) |
Unknown | 73 | (37) | 48 | (32) | 24 | (47) | 0.07 | 12 | (66) | 2 | (29) | 3 | (37) |
Person-to-person | 87 | (19) | 54 | (16) | 29 | (24) | 0.08 | 14 | (30) | 8 | (33) | 3 | (19) |
Animal contact | 49 | (11) | 36 | (11) | 11 | (9) | 0.53 | 4 | (9) | 3 | (13) | 0 | (0) |
Water | 20 | (4) | 13 | (4) | 6 | (5) | 0.67 | 0 | (0) | 2 | (8) | 2 | (13) |
Other environmental | 5 | (1) | 5 | (2) | 0 | (0) | 0.33 ¶ | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
Unknown transmission | 105 | (23) | 76 | (23) | 26 | (21) | 0.64 | 9 | (20) | 4 | (17) | 3 | (19) |
TOTAL | 466 | (100) | 330 | (71) | 123 | (26) | NA | 45 | (36) | 24 | (20) | 16 | (13) |
Transmission Mode and Source | Illnesses No. (Median Size) | Hospitalizations No. (%) | HUS * No. (%) | Deaths No. (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All STEC † | O157 | Non-O157 | All STEC † | O157 | Non-O157 | All STEC † | O157 | Non-O157 | ALL STEC † | O157 | Non-O157 | |||||||||||||
Food | 2853 | (7.5) | 2017 | (8) | 567 | (6) | 776 | (27) § | 597 | (30) # | 139 | (25) | 137 | (5) ¶ | 112 | (6) ** | 7 | (1) | 12 | (0.4) | 11 | (0.5) | 1 | (0.2) |
Veg. row crops | 738 | (15.5) | 613 | (15) | 125 | (16) | 223 | (30) | 183 | (30) | 40 | (32) | 31 | (4) | 27 | (4) | 4 | (3) | 2 | (0.3) | 2 | (0.3) | 0 | (0) |
Beef | 211 | (7.5) | 200 | (8) | 11 | (6) | 60 | (28) | 57 | (29) | 3 | (27) | 2 | (1) ¶ | 2 | (1) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.5) | 1 | (0.5) | 0 | (0) |
Dairy | 148 | (5) | 119 | (4) | 15 | (6) | 57 | (39) § | 49 | (41) # | 1 | (7) | 19 | (13) § | 16 | (13) | 0 | (0) | 0 | NA | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
Fruit | 106 | (6.5) | 89 | (7) | 17 | (9) | 24 | (23) | 23 | (26) | 1 | (6) | 3 | (3) | 3 | (3) | 0 | (0) | 2 | (1.9) § | 2 | (2.2) | 0 | (0) |
Other foods ‡ | 738 | (10.5) | 507 | (12) | 220 | (13) | 195 | (26) | 144 | (28) | 47 | (21) | 33 | (4) | 30 | (6) # | 3 | (1) | 1 | (0.1) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.5) |
Unknown | 912 | (4) | 489 | (4) | 179 | (4) | 217 | (24) | 141 | (29) | 47 | (26) | 49 | (5) | 34 | (7) ** | 0 | (0) | 6 | (0.4) | 6 | (1) | 0 | (0) |
Person-to-person | 587 | (5) | 293 | (4) | 269 | (6) | 70 | (12) ¶ | 68 | (23) ** | 1 | (0.4) | 36 | (6) | 36 | (12) ** | 0 | (0) | 3 | (0.5) | 3 | (1) | 0 | (0) |
Animal contact | 509 | (4) | 387 | (4) | 68 | (4) | 100 | (20) ¶ | 81 | (21) | 12 | (18) | 48 | (9) § | 44 | (11) # | 1 | (2) | 3 | (0.6) | 3 | (0.8) | 0 | (0) |
Water | 218 | (6.5) | 181 | (8) | 31 | (5) | 46 | (21) | 42 | (23) | 4 | (13) | 21 | (10) § | 19 | (11) | 2 | (7) | 1 | (0.5) | 1 | (0.6) | 0 | (0) |
Other environmental | 86 | (6) | 86 | (6) | 0 | NA | 13 | (15) ¶ | 13 | (15) | NA | 5 | (6) | 5 | (6) | NA | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | NA | |||
Unknown transmission | 516 | (3) | 389 | (3) | 112 | (4) | 158 | (31) § | 138 | (36) ** | 16 | (14) | 56 | (11) § | 46 | (12) | 8 | (7) | 5 | (1) | 4 | (1) | 1 | (0.9) |
TOTAL | 4769 | (5) | 3353 | (5) | 1047 | (5) | 1163 | (24) | 939 | (28)** | 172 | (16) | 303 | (6) | 262 | (8) ** | 18 | (2) | 24 | (0.5) | 22 | (0.7) | 2 | (0.2) |
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Tack, D.M.; Kisselburgh, H.M.; Richardson, L.C.; Geissler, A.; Griffin, P.M.; Payne, D.C.; Gleason, B.L. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Outbreaks in the United States, 2010–2017. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071529
Tack DM, Kisselburgh HM, Richardson LC, Geissler A, Griffin PM, Payne DC, Gleason BL. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Outbreaks in the United States, 2010–2017. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(7):1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071529
Chicago/Turabian StyleTack, Danielle M., Hannah M. Kisselburgh, LaTonia C. Richardson, Aimee Geissler, Patricia M. Griffin, Daniel C. Payne, and Brigette L. Gleason. 2021. "Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Outbreaks in the United States, 2010–2017" Microorganisms 9, no. 7: 1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071529