Pathogens, Volume 14, Issue 1

Globally, forests are constantly threatened by a plethora of disturbances of natural and anthropogenic origin, such as climate change, forest fires, urbanization, and pollution. Besides the most common stressors, during the last few years, Portuguese...

Mpox, a zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), has seen a significant shift in its epidemiological status since 2022, evolving from an initial local outbreak to a global epidemic. This recent outbreak of MPXV mainly emerged in several Euro...

Information on circulating HBV (sub-)genotype, variants, and hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection, which vary by geographical area, is crucial for the efficient control and management of HBV. We investigated the genomic characteristics of HBV (with a...

Dibothriocephalosis is a fish-borne parasitic zoonosis that is caused by tapeworms of the Dibothriocephalus (syn. Diphyllobothrium) genus. This paper describes a human case of dibothriocephalosis associated with the consumption of a presumably infect...

One of the significant challenges facing modern medicine is the rising rate of antibiotic resistance, which impacts public health, animal health, and environmental preservation. Evaluating antibiotic resistance in wildlife and their environments is c...

Morphometry is an effort to describe or measure the morphology of the body, or parts of it. It also provides quantitative data on the interactions of living organisms with their environment, external or internal. As a discipline, morphometrics has un...

Studies in humans indicate that certain Chlamydia trachomatis serovars are more pathogenic than others. Specifically, several studies concluded that serovars from the C-complex are more pathogenic than those from the B-complex, although there are rep...

The epidemiological situation related to infectious diseases is influenced by many factors. To monitor actual trends in selected zoonoses, a total of 473 serum samples from farmers, forestry workers, and veterinarians were collected for serological e...

Metschnikowia bicuspidata is the specific pathogen for “milky disease” in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), accounting for huge losses to the industry. And yet, there is no precise study describing the pathogenesis of M. bicus...

Bumblebees, the most important wild pollinators in both agricultural and natural ecosystems, are declining worldwide. The global decline of bumblebees may threaten biodiversity, pollination services, and, ultimately, agricultural productivity. Severa...

Fungal infections (FIs) are widespread globally, affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent children, with varying clinical implications based on age and comorbidities. In immunocompromised children, particularly those with hematologic onco...

Astroviruses and caliciviruses are important causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. They have been detected in a variety of animal species, including dogs, but their role in the induction of disease in animals remains uncertain. In...

The lung is a vital organ for the body as the main source of oxygen input. Importantly, it is also an internal organ that has direct contact with the outside world. Innate immunity is a vital protective system in various organs, whereas, in the case...

While studying the prevalence and profile of antibiotic resistance among E. coli isolated from the feces of calves with signs of colibacillosis, a strain with a wide spectrum of drug resistance was isolated. Whole-genome sequencing, followed by bioin...

The global evolution of pathogens causing early-onset sepsis (EOS), a critical condition in preterm infants, necessitates a re-evaluation of risk factors to develop updated prevention and treatment strategies. This nationwide case–control study...

This study evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of pradofloxacin against various swine respiratory pathogens, including Bordetella bronchiseptica, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococc...

Fascioliasis and schistosomiasis are parasitic trematodiases of public health and economic concern in humans and livestock. However, data on the distribution and risk factors for fascioliasis remain limited, while epidemiological gaps hinder schistos...

Despite the vast amount of water on Earth, only a small percent is suitable for consumption, and these resources are diminishing. Moreover, water resources are unevenly distributed, leading to significant disparities in access to drinking water betwe...

Leptospira is a bacteria responsible for a widespread zoonosis that affects both humans and animals. Leptospirosis is a challenging pathology to diagnose and treat since its signs are unspecific and symptoms vary greatly. The disease seems to be high...

The papillomavirus E2 protein regulates the transcription, replication, and segregation of viral episomes within the host cell. A multitude of post-translational modifications have been identified which control E2 functions. A highly conserved di-lys...

The anthrax pathogen Bacillus anthracis can remain dormant as spores in soil for many years. This applies to both natural foci and to sites of anthropogenic activity such as tanneries, abattoirs, or wool factories. The A.Br.075 (A-branch) clade (also...

Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii infection (PCP) is a potentially life-threatening illness, particularly affecting the immunocompromised. The past two decades have shown an increase in PCP incidence; however, the underlying factors that pro...

The intestinal microbiota is known to be altered by Eimeria-induced coccidiosis, but it remains unclear whether the microbiota is fully restored after recovery. To address this, 110 newly hatched Cobb male broiler chickens were challenged with 2 &tim...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease affecting wheat production worldwide, caused by multiple Fusarium species. In this study, seven Fusarium strains were isolated from wheat fields across the Western Cape region of South Africa and identifi...

The emergence of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae strains presents a significant public health challenge due to their increased virulence and resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study evaluates the an...

Ixodes ricinus is an important vector of infectious human and livestock diseases in Europe. Co-infections of pathogens in ticks and hosts have been reported. Tick cell lines offer a useful model system for study of co-infections. We present a review...

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) inflict significant economic losses on sheep and goat farming globally due to reduced productivity and the development of anthelmintic resistance. Sustainable control strategies are urgently needed including the expl...

Pinctada birnavirus (PiBV) is the causative agent of summer atrophy in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata (Gould)). The disease, which induces mass mortality in juveniles less than 1 year old and abnormalities in adults, was first reported in Japan in 201...

Wild birds may be involved in the transmission of agents of infectious diseases, including zoonoses, a circumstance which raises a number of public and animal health issues. Migratory bird species play a significant role in the introduction of tick-b...

Phytoplasmas are a group of plant-pathogenic, cell-wall-less bacteria vectored primarily by leafhoppers (Hemiptera Cicadellidae), one of the most diverse families of insects. Despite the importance of documenting associations between phytoplasmas, th...

Kinetoplastids display a single, large mitochondrion per cell, with their mitochondrial DNA referred to as the kinetoplast. This kinetoplast is a network of concatenated circular molecules comprising a maxicircle (20–64 kb) and up to thousands...

Trypanosoma cruzi is the parasite responsible for Chagas disease, which has a significant amount of genetic diversification among the species complex. Many efforts are routinely made to characterize the genetic lineages of T. cruzi circulating in a p...

Malaria remains a critical global health issue due to high mortality rates, drug resistance, and low treatment efficacy. The genetic variability of Plasmodium proteins complicates the development of long-lasting immunity, as it impedes the human immu...

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and the second most common parasitic disease after malaria. While praziquantel remains the primary treatment, concerns about drug resistance highlight the urgent need for new drugs and effective vaccine...

Neuroinvasive flaviviruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are widely distributed in continental Croatian regions. We analyzed clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and molecular epidemiology of neuro...

(1) Background: Surra is a debilitating disease of wild and domestic animals caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi), resulting in significant mortality and production losses in the affected animals. This study is the first to assess the genetic rel...

Viruses in the Circoviridae family can infect mammals and birds. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) significantly affects the livestock industry by causing porcine circovirus-associated diseases, such as postweaning multisystem wasting syndrome, respir...

In white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), closely related females form social groups, avoiding other social groups. Consequently, females infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD) are more likely to infect social group members. Culling has bee...

Ehrlichioses, caused by Ehrlichia species, are tick-borne diseases (TBDs) that affect animals and humans worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the molecular occurrence of Ehrlichia spp. in 530 animals (155 Dromedary camels, 199 goats, 131 cattle...

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a neglected and reemerging disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. It now extends beyond the Tsutsugamushi Triangle, the region wherein it has traditionally been endemic. Influenza...

The rise and resurgence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Europe pose an expanding public health challenge, exacerbated by climate change, globalization, and ecological disruptions. Both arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) transmitted by ticks suc...

Hemoparasitic diseases represent a significant problem with a considerable impact on tropical and subtropical areas of the world. These conditions cause economic losses associated with multi-organic failure and even the death of animals. In these are...

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease, and one of the most important parasitic diseases worldwide. The first genome of T. cruzi was sequenced in 2005, and its complexity made assembly and annotation...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decline in Mycoplasma pneumoniae was observed; however, M. pneumoniae re-emerged globally in 2023. Here, we describe a current outbreak of M. pneumoniae infections in the United States (US). More than 287 m...

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between nosocomial and community microorganisms isolated from patients with UTI by determining their bacterial profile, antibiotic resistance and ability to produce biofilms. A retrospective st...

Coronaviruses (CoV) infect a wide variety of hosts, causing epidemics in humans, birds, and mammals over the years. Bats (order Chiroptera) are one of the natural hosts of the Coronaviridae family. They represent 40% of the total number of mammal spe...

Background: The burden of prosthetic joint infection in combination with antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is a rising dilemma for patients experiencing total joint replacements. Around 0.8–2% of patients experience prosthetic joint infect...

Parasitic infections in non-human primates (NHPs) kept ex situ can be caused by zoonotic protists like Balantioides coli and Entamoeba histolytica. In Brazil, little is known about these infections in neotropical species. This study aimed to identify...

Respiratory avian viral diseases significantly impact the world poultry sector, leading to notable economic losses. The highly contagious DNA virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and the RNA virus, avian metapneumovirus, are well known for thei...

Very virulent plus Marek’s disease virus (vv+MDV) induces severe immunosuppression in commercial chickens. In this study, we evaluated how three Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2) vaccines (CVI-988, rMd5-BAC∆Meq, and CVI-LTR) protected ag...