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Societies
Volume 15
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Societies, Volume 15, Issue 3 (March 2025) – 26 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): In the context of escalating political crises, the post-2021 Afghan situation of the population in general and of women in particular highlights the devastating impacts of political power struggles. This article aims to raise Romanian students’ awareness of post-2021 Afghanistan to identify the respondents’ cultural receptiveness and their perceptions of Afghans’ lives under the current regime. An online survey conducted in 2024 at Politehnica University of Timișoara (Romania) recorded 420 responses. The findings indicate that while most students are familiar with the topic, a notable portion remains uninformed despite extensive media coverage. The respondents' cultural responsiveness reflects Romanian traits, highlighting the slow pace of cultural change despite significant economic growth. View this paper
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15 pages, 222 KiB  
Article
Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their Parents
by Weronika Najda and Stuart Hanmer-Lloyd
Societies 2025, 15(3), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030073 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 277
Abstract
Research shows that the way people define a good citizen can influence their political participation. However, the well-known binary concept of ‘engaged’ and ‘duty-based’ citizenship, used in mass surveys, does not apply to the majority of studied populations; therefore, its usefulness can be [...] Read more.
Research shows that the way people define a good citizen can influence their political participation. However, the well-known binary concept of ‘engaged’ and ‘duty-based’ citizenship, used in mass surveys, does not apply to the majority of studied populations; therefore, its usefulness can be disputed. Such social norms of citizenship can also change over time and this process can be profound in countries that undergo a political system change, like Poland in the 1980–90s. To gain insight into how Poles understand citizenship, and how the engaged/duty-based concept applies to them, we interviewed 32 Poles—young people and their parents. Our analysis shows that the standard conceptualisation would have not accounted for two key elements of our participants’ understanding of citizenship—a ‘character’ and a ‘patriotic’ component. This finding demonstrates the continuing impact of moral values and the salience of the national context. In particular, parents and inactive young people based their definitions on these two components. Active young people, on the other hand, chose all-encompassing citizenship norms, mixing engaged, duty-based, patriotic and character elements in their normative repertoire. Full article
15 pages, 221 KiB  
Article
From Harm to Healing: Building the Future of ABA with Autistic Voices
by Joy F. Johnson
Societies 2025, 15(3), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030072 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1709
Abstract
Since the 1960s, ABA has been applied to individuals with developmental and behavioral differences, including those later recognized as Autistic. While ABA is grounded in behavioral science, its historical application has raised significant ethical concerns. Early implementations often prioritized enforcing neurotypical conformity over [...] Read more.
Since the 1960s, ABA has been applied to individuals with developmental and behavioral differences, including those later recognized as Autistic. While ABA is grounded in behavioral science, its historical application has raised significant ethical concerns. Early implementations often prioritized enforcing neurotypical conformity over the autonomy and well-being of Autistic individuals, contributing to psychological harm, the development of masking behaviors, and a disregard for neurodivergent needs. These concerns were further exacerbated by the exclusion of Autistic voices in defining intervention goals and measuring outcomes. This paper examines the historical context of ABA, critiques raised by the #ABAisAbuse movement, and the role of social media in amplifying both awareness and misconceptions about behavioral interventions for Autistic individuals. It highlights the challenges posed by self-diagnosis, the limitations of current therapeutic options, and systemic inequities in access to care. A critical analysis underscores the need for standardized, neurodivergent-affirming, and assent-based practices that prioritize the autonomy and individuality of Autistic people. The findings emphasize the necessity of reforming ABA through collaboration with the Autistic community, ensuring their involvement in shaping governance, intervention design, and ethical standards. By addressing historical harms and embedding neurodivergent-affirming principles, ABA can evolve into a practice that supports authentic engagement and fosters trust within the Autistic community. This transformation is not only a professional responsibility but an ethical imperative to align interventions for Autistic individuals with principles of dignity, equity, and inclusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Well-Being of Socially Vulnerable Groups in the Unsteadiness During Social Movements)
18 pages, 223 KiB  
Article
Sociological Analysis of Abortion Perceptions: The Case of Young Women in Split, Croatia
by Gorana Bandalović and Matea Čular
Societies 2025, 15(3), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030071 - 16 Mar 2025
Viewed by 617
Abstract
Attitudes toward abortion are deeply rooted and shaped by cultural, religious, moral, and political beliefs. In some societies, abortion is seen as a fundamental right, whereas in others, it is viewed as morally objectionable. This paper explores the perceptions of young women in [...] Read more.
Attitudes toward abortion are deeply rooted and shaped by cultural, religious, moral, and political beliefs. In some societies, abortion is seen as a fundamental right, whereas in others, it is viewed as morally objectionable. This paper explores the perceptions of young women in Split, Croatia, regarding abortion. The study presents findings from research1 conducted in 2024, which was based on semi-structured interviews with 30 young women aged 18–35 years. The results show that all participants are well informed about contraception and its role in women’s reproductive health, most of them expressing a positive view of its use. Most of the participants were familiar with abortion and the procedures involved. While they acknowledge the potential physical and mental health consequences of abortion, more than half, despite not personally choosing to have one, strongly support a woman’s right to decide. Nearly all participants are aware of both pro-life and pro-choice movements and believe that the influence of religiosity on attitudes toward abortion is subjective and varies from individual to individual. Full article
13 pages, 229 KiB  
Article
Attitudes Regarding Gender Roles and Recurrence of Dating Violence in Spanish and Mexican Adolescents
by María de la Villa Moral-Jiménez, Aitana Alvarez-Menéndez and Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Díaz
Societies 2025, 15(3), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030070 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 632
Abstract
Gender-based violence is recognized as both a violation of human rights and a significant public health problem due to its widespread prevalence. Gender-based violence has also been shown to be associated with sexist beliefs. Furthermore, cultural background significantly influences how individuals develop attitudes [...] Read more.
Gender-based violence is recognized as both a violation of human rights and a significant public health problem due to its widespread prevalence. Gender-based violence has also been shown to be associated with sexist beliefs. Furthermore, cultural background significantly influences how individuals develop attitudes toward gender roles. This study aims to examine the recurrence of dating violence among young couples in relation to their cultural context. The study involved 9759 participants (40.85% women and 59.15% men) with an age range between 13 and 26 years (M = 18.1, SD = 2.32) residing in either Spain (67.28%) or Mexico (32.72%). Participants completed two questionnaires: the Dating Violence Questionnaire (CUVINO) and the Role Attitudes Scale of Gender (GRAS). Gender-based violence was more recurrent in the Spanish context, especially among women. Spanish participants also held more stereotypical gender role attitudes than Mexican participants, with evidence linking these attitudes to higher rates of gender violence. It is confirmed that an issue as complex as gender violence in dating relationships is influenced by multiple determining factors, including cultural context. Full article
26 pages, 4637 KiB  
Systematic Review
Red Tourism and Youth Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature
by Fengyi Wang, Victoria Sanagustín-Fons and Violante Martínez-Quintana
Societies 2025, 15(3), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030069 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 844
Abstract
Red tourism, centered on historical sites of the Chinese revolution, serves as an educational tool that reinforces historical memory and patriotism among young people. Through a systematic literature review (PRISMA method), this research examines how red tourism meets learning needs regarding political culture [...] Read more.
Red tourism, centered on historical sites of the Chinese revolution, serves as an educational tool that reinforces historical memory and patriotism among young people. Through a systematic literature review (PRISMA method), this research examines how red tourism meets learning needs regarding political culture by integrating tourism with education to enhance its pedagogical value. The important role of red tourism in patriotic education and the formation of national identity among Chinese youth is highlighted, although challenges such as the risk of political indoctrination and the lack of diversity in educational approaches are identified. The study proposes applying constructivist theories to improve the interactivity and effectiveness of red tourism in youth education and suggests integrating emerging technologies to enrich the educational experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embodiment and Engagement of Tourism with Social Sustainability)
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22 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Gender-Based Violence in a Migration Context: Health Impacts and Barriers to Healthcare Access and Help Seeking for Migrant and Refugee Women in Canada
by Evangelia Tastsoglou
Societies 2025, 15(3), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030068 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 990
Abstract
This article focuses on the health impacts of the gender-based violence (GBV) experienced by migrant and refugee women (MRW) survivors in their migration/settlement journeys in Canada, and their challenges in accessing healthcare. Adopting a feminist and intersectional lens, I draw upon qualitative in-depth [...] Read more.
This article focuses on the health impacts of the gender-based violence (GBV) experienced by migrant and refugee women (MRW) survivors in their migration/settlement journeys in Canada, and their challenges in accessing healthcare. Adopting a feminist and intersectional lens, I draw upon qualitative in-depth interviews with 48 migrant women conducted between 2020 and 2022. GBV is a frequent experience in the migration and (re)settlement journey and has wide-ranging and cross-secting emotional-psychological, socio-economic, physical, as well as sexual and reproductive health consequences which, in turn, impact settlement and integration and may increase vulnerability to further GBV as a result. Drawing upon a “social determinants of health” approach, I aim to understand the workings of barriers to healthcare access and help seeking for MRW survivors of GBV in Canada. The social determinants of health involve structural (e.g., legal, financial, linguistic, knowledge, healthcare access) barriers, mediated by gender, intersecting with various positionalities and identities. GBV unambiguously impacts on the health and well-being of all survivors, but the extent of harm varies significantly depending on the intersections of positions and identities of survivors. The migration context entails unique barriers to MRW help seeking and healthcare access as well as aggravates the impacts of other barriers on MRW. My objective is to show how GBV affects the health status of MRW survivors in Canada in the specific context of healthcare access and help-seeking barriers MRW face, conceptualized as risk factors for reproducing GBV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Social Politics of Gender-Based Violence: A Critical Canadian Health Perspective, 2024)
17 pages, 236 KiB  
Article
“How Do I Start Strong?”: Exploring the Subjective Well-Being, Beliefs, and Lifestyles of First-Year University Students in the UK
by Kaili C. Zhang
Societies 2025, 15(3), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030067 - 10 Mar 2025
Viewed by 578
Abstract
Mental well-being is an integral part of university students’ overall well-being, and has been a matter of increasing concern in the UK. The main purpose of this study was to examine the subjective well-being of first-year university students in the UK by investigating [...] Read more.
Mental well-being is an integral part of university students’ overall well-being, and has been a matter of increasing concern in the UK. The main purpose of this study was to examine the subjective well-being of first-year university students in the UK by investigating the impact of their beliefs and lifestyles on their overall well-being, as well as the factors contributing to such changes. A total of 197 participants, including domestic and international students with ages ranging from 18 to 24, completed a survey assessing subjective well-being, beliefs, lifestyles, and demographic information. Thirty-one of the participants took part in the follow-up interviews. The findings revealed diverse experiences among students, including variations in well-being, belief systems, and lifestyles. Key findings of the research include all three categories of subjective well-being (i.e., emotional, social, and physical well-being) were positively correlated with both philosophical and religious beliefs, and negatively correlated with inactive community engagement. This study also revealed that personal beliefs and lifestyles had an important impact on these changes. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for university support services, and offers insights into the challenges and experiences of first-year students. Full article
18 pages, 1073 KiB  
Article
Classifying Job Value Profiles and Employment Outcomes Among Culinary Arts Graduates
by Tae-Kyun Na and Saem Han
Societies 2025, 15(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030066 - 9 Mar 2025
Viewed by 549
Abstract
The job values of college graduates are rapidly changing, but a mismatch between industry expectations and young chefs’ values has emerged. To capture the heterogeneity in job values that traditional variable-centered approaches may overlook, this study employed Latent Profile Analysis, a person-centered method, [...] Read more.
The job values of college graduates are rapidly changing, but a mismatch between industry expectations and young chefs’ values has emerged. To capture the heterogeneity in job values that traditional variable-centered approaches may overlook, this study employed Latent Profile Analysis, a person-centered method, to classify the job value profiles of culinary arts graduates and examine their impact on major–job match and subjective well-being. A total of 386 culinary arts graduates, extracted from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, were classified into six latent profiles. First, the most prevalent profile (Profile 4) emphasized environmental and developmental values, and was associated with a higher proportion of women and a greater likelihood of unemployment. Second, graduates who valued job attributes across all dimensions (Profile 1) were more likely to secure employment in or outside their field than those in Profiles 2, 3, and 5 were. Third, negative emotions increased the likelihood of belonging to Profiles 2, 3, and 5 compared to Profile 1. Finally, higher life satisfaction reduced the probability of belonging to Profiles 4, 5, or 6 compared to Profile 1. These findings emphasize the importance of aligning HR policies with graduates’ job values. Such alignment can enhance employment within graduates’ academic disciplines and improve their subjective well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revitalizing Workplaces: The Intersection of Public Health and Sustainable Wellbeing in Organizations)
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26 pages, 10373 KiB  
Article
Using Digital Tools to Understand Global Development Continuums
by J. de Curtò and I. de Zarzà
Societies 2025, 15(3), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030065 - 7 Mar 2025
Viewed by 486
Abstract
Traditional classifications of global development, such as the developed/developing dichotomy or Global North/South, often oversimplify the intricate landscape of human development. This paper leverages computational tools, advanced visualization techniques, and mathematical modeling to challenge these conventional categories and reveal a continuous development spectrum [...] Read more.
Traditional classifications of global development, such as the developed/developing dichotomy or Global North/South, often oversimplify the intricate landscape of human development. This paper leverages computational tools, advanced visualization techniques, and mathematical modeling to challenge these conventional categories and reveal a continuous development spectrum among nations. By applying hierarchical clustering, multidimensional scaling, and interactive visualizations to Human Development Index (HDI) data, we identify “development neighborhoods”—clusters of countries that exhibit similar development patterns, sometimes across geographical boundaries. Our methodology combines network theory, statistical physics, and digital humanities approaches to model development as a continuous field, introducing novel metrics for development potential and regional inequality. Through analysis of HDI data from 193 countries (1990–2022), we demonstrate significant regional variations in development trajectories, with Africa showing the highest mean change rate (28.36%) despite maintaining the lowest mean HDI (0.557). The implementation of circle packing and radial dendrogram visualizations reveals both population dynamics and development continuums, while our mathematical framework provides rigorous quantification of development distances and cluster stability. This approach not only uncovers sophisticated developmental progressions but also emphasizes the importance of continuous frameworks over categorical divisions. The findings highlight how digital humanities tools can enhance our understanding of global development, providing policymakers with insights that traditional methods might overlook. Our methodology demonstrates the potential of computational social science to offer more granular analyses of development, supporting policies that recognize the diversity within regional and developmental clusters, while our mathematical framework provides a foundation for future quantitative studies in development economics. Full article
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11 pages, 206 KiB  
Article
Identification of Sexual Behaviour of Feminist Men Who Have Sex with Woman in Indonesia
by Cennikon Pakpahan, Christian Melka Parmanto, Bella Amanda, An Nguyen and Andri Rezano
Societies 2025, 15(3), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030064 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 2631
Abstract
As a patriarchal country with dominant religious and cultural values, it is not easy to accept feminism in Indonesia. However, the idea has been growing and gaining acceptance in Indonesia for the past couple of years, influenced by media and technology. Feminism is [...] Read more.
As a patriarchal country with dominant religious and cultural values, it is not easy to accept feminism in Indonesia. However, the idea has been growing and gaining acceptance in Indonesia for the past couple of years, influenced by media and technology. Feminism is not only embraced by women but also by men, which may affect men’s sexual behaviour with their partners. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study with an online data survey by distributing questionnaires involving 335 participants. Our pilot study reported the sexual behaviours of (heterosexual feminist) in Indonesia compared to (non-feminist) men. Despite some indifferent behaviour, feminist men tend to ensure the satisfaction of their female partners as a form of respect for their partners. Some sexual behaviours that were significantly different between heterosexual feminist and non-feminist men always began with foreplay duration of foreplay (average) asking for the position (p = 0.001), and asking if the partner was satisfied or not. This study implies that heterosexual feminist men exhibit tremendous respect toward women and can contribute to more equitable and fulfilling relationships, fostering mutual respect and more profound emotional connection. Full article
13 pages, 457 KiB  
Article
Conflict Management Strategies as Moderators of Burnout in the Context of Emotional Labor
by Anabela Rodrigues, Micaela Francisco, Íris M. Oliveira, Ângela Leite and Sílvia Lopes
Societies 2025, 15(3), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030063 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 907
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between emotional labor and burnout, focusing on the moderating role of conflict management strategies. A total of 233 employees from diverse sectors in Portugal participated in this cross-sectional investigation. We employed the Emotional Labor Scale (ELS) and the [...] Read more.
This study explores the relationship between emotional labor and burnout, focusing on the moderating role of conflict management strategies. A total of 233 employees from diverse sectors in Portugal participated in this cross-sectional investigation. We employed the Emotional Labor Scale (ELS) and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) to quantitatively assess emotional labor and burnout levels. Additionally, the study examined conflict management practices in the workplace using the Conflict Management Strategies Assessment Scale (ROCI-2). The findings reveal that participants reported high emotional labor and burnout levels and a positive correlation between these constructs. As expected, conflict management strategies were found to moderate this relationship. Additionally, participants reported employing collaborative approaches as the most frequent conflict management strategy. These results underscore the urgent need for organizations to implement targeted conflict management training programs and psychological and emotional support initiatives to alleviate the adverse effects of emotional labor on burnout. By fostering healthier workplace environments, organizations can enhance employee well-being and productivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revitalizing Workplaces: The Intersection of Public Health and Sustainable Wellbeing in Organizations)
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15 pages, 912 KiB  
Article
Ethical AI in Social Sciences Research: Are We Gatekeepers or Revolutionaries?
by Remus Runcan, Vasile Hațegan, Ovidiu Toderici, Gabriel Croitoru, Mihaela Gavrila-Ardelean, Lavinia Denisia Cuc, Dana Rad, Alina Costin and Tiberiu Dughi
Societies 2025, 15(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030062 - 6 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1879
Abstract
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in social sciences research introduces both transformative potential and critical ethical dilemmas. This study examines the role of researchers as either ethical gatekeepers or pioneers of AI-driven change. Through a bibliometric analysis of 464 records from [...] Read more.
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in social sciences research introduces both transformative potential and critical ethical dilemmas. This study examines the role of researchers as either ethical gatekeepers or pioneers of AI-driven change. Through a bibliometric analysis of 464 records from the Web of Science Core Collection, we identify key themes in ethical AI discourse using VOSviewer Version 1.6.20. The findings highlight dominant ethical concerns, including governance, bias, transparency, and fairness, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaborations and responsible AI frameworks. While AI offers efficiency and scalability in research, unresolved issues related to algorithmic bias, governance, and public trust persist. The overlay visualization underscores emerging trends such as generative AI, policy-driven governance, and ethical accountability frameworks. This study calls for a shift from passive oversight to proactive ethical stewardship in AI-driven social science research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)
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13 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
Hostile and Benevolent Sexism: Prioritizing Prevention Strategies Through a Cross-Sectional Study in a Northern Italian City
by Dario Sgarra, Marta Cleva, Sara Nanni, Marco Montalti, Anna Maria Piraccini and Antonella Brunelli
Societies 2025, 15(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030061 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 595
Abstract
Sexist ideologies and attitudes perpetuate gender inequalities in both private and public contexts. Traditional views of sexism emphasize hostility, but the phenomenon is more complex, involving interdependent power relations between men and women. The Ambivalent Sexism Theory identifies two forms: hostile sexism (HS) [...] Read more.
Sexist ideologies and attitudes perpetuate gender inequalities in both private and public contexts. Traditional views of sexism emphasize hostility, but the phenomenon is more complex, involving interdependent power relations between men and women. The Ambivalent Sexism Theory identifies two forms: hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS). This study aimed to measure the levels of HS and BS among men in a northern Italian town, examining sociodemographic factors associated with elevated sexism scores. A paper questionnaire was administered by a volunteer organization and the Local Health Authority to male individuals over 18 in Cesena from February to April 2023. The convenience sample was recruited from diverse settings, including universities, companies, cafes, and hospitals. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske) was translated into Italian and used for data collection. A total of 275 participants were included. The mean age was 44.4 years, with a diverse educational background. Regression analyses revealed that higher education levels were associated with lower HS scores with a high school education and a bachelor’s degree or higher showing statistically significant coefficients of −5.33 (SE = 2.26, p = 0.019, and 95% CI: −9.78–−0.88) and −8.64 (SE = 2.51, p = 0.001, and 95% CI: −13.58–−3.69), respectively, if compared to individuals with middle school education or less. Age was a significant predictor of BS, with older individuals showing higher BS scores (Coeff. = 0.20, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001, and 95% CI: 0.10–0.31). Healthcare professionals had higher HS scores, while unionists had both lower HS and BS scores. This study highlighted the levels of both HS and BS in various professional and social contexts. Education appears to be a critical factor in reducing HS, while age influences BS. Full article
17 pages, 1497 KiB  
Article
University Sports in Moldova—A Means of Integration for Foreign Students: Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of Migration
by Victoria Leșco, Mihail Onoi, Victoria Razmireț, Irina Volcu, Dan Iulian Alexe and Ecaterina Lungu
Societies 2025, 15(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030060 - 2 Mar 2025
Viewed by 780
Abstract
This article aims to analyze to what extent university sports can serve as an effective means of integration for foreign students and the main challenges and opportunities they encounter in the integration process in the context of migration. In this study, “integration” is [...] Read more.
This article aims to analyze to what extent university sports can serve as an effective means of integration for foreign students and the main challenges and opportunities they encounter in the integration process in the context of migration. In this study, “integration” is defined as the process of adapting foreign students to their new academic and social environment, involving the development of interpersonal relationships and active participation in university life. “University sports” refer to the set of physical activities organized within higher education institutions, facilitating student interaction and supporting their psycho-social development. This study aims to analyze the role of university sports activities in facilitating the integration of foreign students. A quantitative analysis was conducted based on data collected through a survey applied to a sample of 134 foreign students enrolled at a university in Moldova. Among them, 25.4% were from Ukraine, 15.7% were from Romania, 17.9% were from Greece, 14.2% were from Russia, and 26.9% were from regions of the Middle East and India. Additionally, 20 interviews with foreign students were conducted to gain a more detailed understanding of their experiences regarding participation in sports competitions. Furthermore, self-assessment questionnaires on well-being were applied. Statistical results showed significant increases in the average scores on all three scales: general well-being (from 2.00 to 2.60, p < 0.001, d = 1.2—large effect), activity (from 1.80 to 2.10, p < 0.05, d = 0.75—moderate effect), and mood (from 2.10 to 2.80, p < 0.001, d = 1.4—large effect). These results highlight that sports activities contribute significantly not only to improving the psychological well-being of foreign students but also to their integration into the university community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Migration and the Adaptation Process)
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14 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Exploring Vulnerability to Stress and Its Correlation with Bullying in the Nurse’s Workplace
by Ana Lúcia João, Anabela Coelho, Nuno Sérgio Branco and António Portelada
Societies 2025, 15(3), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030059 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 483
Abstract
Background: Vulnerability to stress is associated with susceptibility to react to certain events, taking into account individual factors, beliefs, and available resources. Workplace bullying increases stress, absenteeism, and turnover among nurses, creating a toxic environment. This negatively impacts their well-being and compromises the [...] Read more.
Background: Vulnerability to stress is associated with susceptibility to react to certain events, taking into account individual factors, beliefs, and available resources. Workplace bullying increases stress, absenteeism, and turnover among nurses, creating a toxic environment. This negatively impacts their well-being and compromises the quality of nursing care. As a result, patient safety and healthcare outcomes may be affected. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of vulnerability to stress in Portuguese nurses and its relationship with the experience of workplace bullying. Methodology: This study used a descriptive–correlational approach with a cross-sectional design. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic component and a scale assessing vulnerability to stress (QVS-23) and workplace bullying (NAQ-R). The total sample consisted of 2015 nurses working in healthcare institutions. Results: Nurses who perceived themselves as victims of workplace bullying were shown to be more vulnerable to stress, with a higher mean value for perfectionism and dramatization of existence, inhibition and functional dependence, lack of support and deprivation of affection, intolerance of frustration and rejection, and adverse living conditions. Conclusions: Organizations must create a healthy, respectful, and productive working environment by identifying the various factors that make them vulnerable to stress in the workplace. They must also act to prevent workplace bullying, thus protecting the health of nurses and promoting positive relationships and a harmonious work culture. Full article
16 pages, 2743 KiB  
Article
The Post-2021 Afghan Situation: Romanian Students’ Knowledge, Views and Cultural Receptiveness
by Simona Șimon, Gabriel-Mugurel Dragomir and Marcela Alina Fărcașiu
Societies 2025, 15(3), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030058 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1472
Abstract
In a world in which the political crisis is escalating, causing the emergence of war and conflict, even in unexpected regions, the post-2021 Afghan situation of the population in general, and of the women in particular, is a reminder of the atrocities caused [...] Read more.
In a world in which the political crisis is escalating, causing the emergence of war and conflict, even in unexpected regions, the post-2021 Afghan situation of the population in general, and of the women in particular, is a reminder of the atrocities caused by colliding political powers. This article aims to raise Romanian students’ awareness of post-2021 Afghanistan, a geographically and culturally distant country, to identify their perceptions of the Afghans’ lives under the current regime as well as to single out the respondents’ cultural receptiveness. To achieve these research objectives, an online survey was carried out at the beginning of 2024 among the students of Politehnica University of Timișoara (Romania), recording 420 responses. The study revealed that, although the majority of the surveyed population is well acquainted with the topic under discussion, there is a significant sample that is still unaware of it despite its media coverage. Furthermore, the subjects’ cultural responsiveness is illustrative of the cultural traits of the Romanians, pointing to the slowness of the cultural change in spite of the incontestable economic growth of the country. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Class: Exploring the Intersections of Power and Inequality)
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17 pages, 242 KiB  
Article
Disability Inclusion in Rural Vietnam: A Case Study of Household Experiences in a WASH Intervention
by Lien Pham
Societies 2025, 15(3), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030057 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 954
Abstract
This paper examines a donor-funded development project in the rural mountainous districts of Vietnam aimed at improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services for vulnerable households, particularly those with disabilities. The study investigates the project’s impact on disability inclusion at the household and [...] Read more.
This paper examines a donor-funded development project in the rural mountainous districts of Vietnam aimed at improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services for vulnerable households, particularly those with disabilities. The study investigates the project’s impact on disability inclusion at the household and community levels and identifies factors that support or hinder progress towards inclusion for people with disabilities. Data from a survey of 600 households and interviews with household members and village chiefs provide insights into the perceptions and attitudes towards persons with disabilities (PWDs), and practices of disability-inclusive WASH. While progress has been made in changing attitudes towards the rights of PWDs, there is still room to improve practices, especially in engaging with PWDs, offering affordable disability-inclusive WASH services, and including them in WASH policy decisions. This paper highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that extends beyond household interventions and emphasizes a shift in mindset towards disability inclusion at all societal levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Diversity Competence and Social Inequalities)
14 pages, 212 KiB  
Article
Somali/Somalilander Men in London Share Their Views on FGM—Towards a Male-Focused Continuum of Change
by Tamsin Bradley and Isha Abdulkadir
Societies 2025, 15(3), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030056 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 614
Abstract
This article is an attempt to go some way towards filling two critical gaps in understanding what works best to end FGM. Firstly, the views of men are still not commonly the focus of research, the assumption being, until relatively recently, that FGM [...] Read more.
This article is an attempt to go some way towards filling two critical gaps in understanding what works best to end FGM. Firstly, the views of men are still not commonly the focus of research, the assumption being, until relatively recently, that FGM is a practice conducted by women on girls. Secondly, research that does seek to capture a male perspective from so-called ‘cutting’ contexts has rarely focused on the views of men from the UK Somalia/Somaliland diaspora. This gap in knowledge is stark considering that Somalia and Somaliland have the highest prevalence of FGM globally. The views documented and analysed in this article come from men in the Somali/Somalilander diaspora in London. Multiple viewpoints are shared that reveal potentially critical shifts in mindsets towards FGM. Unsurprising, younger men in the research were more open to change than their older counterparts. This article articulates a cautionary note. Those men who are willing to act to end FGM are not necessarily motivated by gender equity. This article argues that a new carefully designed continuum of change is needed to specifically capture the different viewpoints of men. This continuum will then support more targeted activism focused on ending FGM through gender transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Class: Exploring the Intersections of Power and Inequality)
17 pages, 407 KiB  
Article
Cooking Across Cultures: Everyday Food Provisioning in Multicultural Almere
by Esther J. Veen, Sara A. L. Smaal, Yassir Sefu and Melissa Korn
Societies 2025, 15(3), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030055 - 24 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 841
Abstract
Food from home can increase feelings of belonging and act as a source of comfort for people who move to another country and their children. Nevertheless, people who move elsewhere often start taking over dietary elements of the host culture, a dynamic process [...] Read more.
Food from home can increase feelings of belonging and act as a source of comfort for people who move to another country and their children. Nevertheless, people who move elsewhere often start taking over dietary elements of the host culture, a dynamic process referred to as food acculturation. This paper argues that this process is not only related to identity negotiations and emotional connections, but that food choices are also shaped by everyday practical realities. Using a social practice theory-inspired approach, focusing on the elements of material, competence, and meaning, this study investigates the food provisioning practices of eighteen people with a migration background through semi-structured interviews. The study’s findings show that procuring typical ingredients from one’s home country is relatively easy in the study area of Almere, the Netherlands. Cooking skills, however, are more difficult to maintain and transfer to the next generation. Finally, the meaning of eating foods from home lies in connecting these foods to celebrations and get-togethers. In regular day-to-day meals, respondents often opt for more convenient dishes, either from their root cuisine or from Dutch or other food cultures. The paper concludes that respondents’ eating patterns balance cultural traditions with practical constraints of modern life, as people navigate their food routines while making practical choices that align with their daily routines and social environments. Municipalities, social services, and community initiatives could direct more attention to celebrating the culinary heritage that connects people from diverse migration backgrounds by organizing exchanges and get-togethers and fostering culturally appropriate food environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Migration and the Adaptation Process)
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29 pages, 3263 KiB  
Article
Gamified Engagement for Data Crowdsourcing and AI Literacy: An Investigation in Affective Communication Through Speech Emotion Recognition
by Eleni Siamtanidou, Lazaros Vrysis, Nikolaos Vryzas and Charalampos A. Dimoulas
Societies 2025, 15(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030054 - 22 Feb 2025
Viewed by 887
Abstract
This research investigates the utilization of entertainment approaches, such as serious games and gamification technologies, to address various challenges and implement targeted tasks. Specifically, it details the design and development of an innovative gamified application named “J-Plus”, aimed at both professionals and non-professionals [...] Read more.
This research investigates the utilization of entertainment approaches, such as serious games and gamification technologies, to address various challenges and implement targeted tasks. Specifically, it details the design and development of an innovative gamified application named “J-Plus”, aimed at both professionals and non-professionals in journalism. This application facilitates the enjoyable, efficient, and high-quality collection of emotionally tagged speech samples, enhancing the performance and robustness of speech emotion recognition (SER) systems. Additionally, these approaches offer significant educational benefits, providing users with knowledge about emotional speech and artificial intelligence (AI) mechanisms while promoting digital skills. This project was evaluated by 48 participants, with 44 engaging in quantitative assessments and 4 forming an expert group for qualitative methodologies. This evaluation validated the research questions and hypotheses, demonstrating the application’s diverse benefits. Key findings indicate that gamified features can effectively support learning and attract users, with approximately 70% of participants agreeing that serious games and gamification could enhance their motivation to practice and improve their emotional speech. Additionally, 50% of participants identified social interaction features, such as collaboration, as most beneficial for fostering motivation and commitment. The integration of these elements supports reliable and extensive data collection and the advancement of AI algorithms while concurrently developing various skills, such as emotional speech articulation and digital literacy. This paper advocates for the creation of collaborative environments and digital communities through crowdsourcing, balancing technological innovation in the SER sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)
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25 pages, 450 KiB  
Review
Enhancing Social Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Natural Musical Instruments and Innovative Digital Musical Instruments: A Literature Review
by Evangelos-Stylianos Pavlou and Aristogiannis Garmpis
Societies 2025, 15(3), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030053 - 21 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1649
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can have serious deficits in their social interactions, due to their limited social skills. There are many ways to use music as an intervention tool. One of them is by using musical instruments. Music emerges as a [...] Read more.
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can have serious deficits in their social interactions, due to their limited social skills. There are many ways to use music as an intervention tool. One of them is by using musical instruments. Music emerges as a potential method of intervention, which can be used to address these deficits. The aims of this review are (a) to lay out internationally acclaimed and peer-reviewed studies, describing the elements of interventions with the use of musical instruments by children with autism, (b) to assess and analyze the effects of interventions with the use of musical instruments on the children’s social skills and (c) to provide recommendations to therapists, educators and researchers for future research and implementation. The process of article selection was carried out in strict adherence to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, ensuring methodological rigor and transparency in the systematic review process. A systematic search was conducted, using the following electronic databases: (a) PsycINFO, (b) Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), (c) Scopus and (d) Web of Science. Twelve studies were selected, with their results suggesting that the use of musical instruments, tangible or electronic ones, can have a positive effect on the social skills of children with autism. Inadequacies detected in the mentioned studies are also mentioned, as well as any important topics that should be gradually examined in future research. The present review is conducted within the framework of a doctoral thesis focusing on interventions that utilize music and technology as primary tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Disabled People/People with Disabilities (Non-Medical Coverage))
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15 pages, 422 KiB  
Article
Preventing Sexual Harassment in Nordic Working Life: Contesting Concepts and Reimagining Research
by Fredrik Bondestam and Angelica Simonsson
Societies 2025, 15(3), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030052 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 510
Abstract
Gender-based violence and sexual harassment in the Nordic labor market prevails, despite decades of preventive work. The #Metoo movement has clearly challenged past and current notions of the Nordic countries as gender equal welfare states, but it also pointed at the inability of [...] Read more.
Gender-based violence and sexual harassment in the Nordic labor market prevails, despite decades of preventive work. The #Metoo movement has clearly challenged past and current notions of the Nordic countries as gender equal welfare states, but it also pointed at the inability of policy to overcome its own prerequisites. In this study, we analyze past research on sexual harassment in Nordic working life, especially targeting theoretical, methodological, and practical results and challenges. By taking this systematic Nordic research review as a point of departure, we also develop a framework to analyze and transgress existing boundaries of policy and research in several ways. By reimagining research practices, as well as neoliberal management protocols for prevention, we elaborate on ways forward through several analytical steps. Finally, we envisage a need to overcome an immanent paradox when performing social research, pointing towards a vision of critical research moving beyond contemporary research politics and policy. Full article
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14 pages, 455 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Dimensions of Employability: A Qualitative Approach
by Hamza Nouib, Hayat Qadech, Manal Benatiya Andaloussi and Aniss Moumen
Societies 2025, 15(3), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030051 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 949
Abstract
Employability has been widely studied from various theoretical and methodological perspectives. However, certain dimensions of the determinants of employability remain underexplored, particularly in the context of a rapidly evolving labor market shaped by digital transformation and artificial intelligence and socio-economic contextual factors. The [...] Read more.
Employability has been widely studied from various theoretical and methodological perspectives. However, certain dimensions of the determinants of employability remain underexplored, particularly in the context of a rapidly evolving labor market shaped by digital transformation and artificial intelligence and socio-economic contextual factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the dimensions influencing the employability of young Moroccans through an exploratory qualitative approach, based on structured roundtable discussions organized at the Careers and Skills Centre of Laâyoune. The findings identify eight key pillars of employability, aligned with the current labor market demands, encompassing educational and training opportunities, hard and soft skills, geographical mobility, entrepreneurial and project management skills, adaptation to emerging professions, regional economic infrastructure, and state support. These insights provide a comprehensive framework for understanding employability dynamics, offering actionable recommendations for educators, policymakers, and employers. This research stands out by integrating a contextualized approach to employability, bridging global labor market trends with region-specific socio-economic realities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment Relations in the Era of Industry 4.0)
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14 pages, 249 KiB  
Article
Psychological Needs in Spanish Pregnant Women During the Transition to Motherhood: A Qualitative Study
by Patricia Catalá, Cecilia Peñacoba, Carmen Écija, Lorena Gutiérrez and Livia Gomes Viana Meireles
Societies 2025, 15(3), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030050 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 522
Abstract
Background: Motherhood involves significant identity transformation, encompassing physical, emotional, and social changes that can create tensions between a woman’s previous identity and her new maternal identity. In Spain, cultural expectations of motherhood can intensify this conflict, affecting the transition to the role of [...] Read more.
Background: Motherhood involves significant identity transformation, encompassing physical, emotional, and social changes that can create tensions between a woman’s previous identity and her new maternal identity. In Spain, cultural expectations of motherhood can intensify this conflict, affecting the transition to the role of mother. This study explores the experiences and needs of Spanish women during the perinatal period, identifying common concerns and cultural particularities. Methods: A qualitative design using focus groups was employed. Thirty-three women from the Community of Madrid participated, with an average age of 28.42 years. Four focus groups were conducted: one with women in the third trimester of pregnancy, one with women in the early postpartum period (0–5 months), one with women in the late postpartum period (6–12 months), and one mixed group. Semi-structured questions guided the discussions, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings: Nine main themes were identified: birth process, emotional management, acceptance of physical and mental changes, breastfeeding, sleep management, attachment and bonding, maternal identity, specialized resources, and setting limits. Key findings include the importance of mental and physical preparation for birth, managing emotions, and accepting bodily changes. Participants highlighted the need for emotional support, accurate information, and community resources. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive perinatal support programs that provide tools for prenatal education, pain management, emotional support, and identity transition, integrating women’s prior identity to facilitate a harmonious transition to motherhood. Full article
24 pages, 1860 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Presence and Absence of Academic Discourse on Public Participation in the European Green Deal: A Central and Eastern European Perspective
by Gyula Nagy, Soma Ádám Heiner and Zoltán Kovács
Societies 2025, 15(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030049 - 20 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 747
Abstract
The European Green Deal (EGD), a complex policy program meant to address climate change and ensure a “just, fair and inclusive” transition into a more sustainable and greener Europe, was launched by the EU in 2019. It was clear from the very beginning [...] Read more.
The European Green Deal (EGD), a complex policy program meant to address climate change and ensure a “just, fair and inclusive” transition into a more sustainable and greener Europe, was launched by the EU in 2019. It was clear from the very beginning that the opportunities and costs of the ambitious green transition would be very uneven geographically, not only within the EU but also among its regions and locations. Regions with higher environmental stress and/or less technological and economic capacities will inevitably be disadvantaged. The EGD requires large-scale public acceptance, which comes with democratic innovations and participative practices, which are less embedded in many regions. The former socialist bloc still struggles today with establishing decent levels of public participation, as well as with adopting and implementing democratic community principles in practice. The main aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, we intend to give an assessment of where Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries stand in the process of the green transition and what the major focus areas affecting them are, based on the existing academic literature. On the other hand, we intend to give a clear overview of the causes for and aspects of the weakness of civil society in the post-communist bloc and reasons why the adaptation of democratic innovations is lagging in this region. For this purpose, a systematic literature search and bibliometric analysis was performed based on articles indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Altogether, 172 articles published in the region were filtered and systematically analyzed according to the main themes of the papers related to the EGD. Research findings show that the interests of researchers in CEE countries largely differ from those in the mainstream academic discourse. Research topics, high on the agenda in Western countries, are hardly present in the academic discourse in CEE countries. On the other hand, issues like energy efficiency, urbanization’s impacts on green growth and renewable energy development, and innovations towards a circular economy dominate the research agenda. This region started the green transition process with major handicaps compared to the West, connected to path dependency and the legacy of socialist structures. The paper analyses the bibliometric aspects of articles published on these topics and highlights the highly sectoral and country-focused approaches taken with regard to the EGD. In our paper, we highlight the importance of the region on a geographic scale, which goes beyond the initial framework and offers a different approach to addressing the issue. The paper proves that the presence of EGD-related participation processes is significantly lacking in academic literature in the CEE region. However, the most important finding of our paper is the identification of an academic gap regarding democratic innovations and deliberation, as well as regarding active involvement and participation of people in EGD-related programs. This gives an even more important base for the assessment of the region in terms of the EGD, which faces growing populism and advancing authoritarian regimes, such that public participation and citizen control have become vitally important for the implementation of the green transition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embedding Public Participation in Planning, Governance and Climate Action: A Cross-Disciplinary Overview)
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16 pages, 244 KiB  
Article
An Exploratory Study: The Impact of the IT Entrepreneurship Training Program on Career Development Among Ethnic Minorities in Hong Kong
by Shiying Fang and Chi Hung Leung
Societies 2025, 15(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15030048 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 588
Abstract
Hong Kong has a large population of people from ethnic minorities (EM), many of whom are unemployed or underemployed. The focus of the study was to gain insight into the internal and external challenges faced by EM in Hong Kong and examine the [...] Read more.
Hong Kong has a large population of people from ethnic minorities (EM), many of whom are unemployed or underemployed. The focus of the study was to gain insight into the internal and external challenges faced by EM in Hong Kong and examine the impact of the IT entrepreneurship training program on career development among EM in Hong Kong. The semi-structured interview was used to elicit the participants’ perspectives on challenges in career development in Hong Kong. Questionnaires measured program and non-program participants’ self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and career aspiration levels. The results showed that low levels of sociocultural adaptation, racial inequality, and lack of available resources may constitute challenges for EM in achieving career development in Hong Kong. In addition, program participants particularly reported higher levels of career aspiration. Implications for promoting Hong Kong EM’s career development and improving training programs were discussed. Full article
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