Societies

21 pages, 2098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vertical Educational (Mis)match and Inclusive Growth: Theoretical Conceptualizations and Evidence from a European Perspective

by Pepka Boyadjieva and Petya Ilieva-Trichkova

Societies 2025, 15(4), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040113 - 21 Apr 2025

Viewed by 121

Abstract

The concept of inclusive growth highlights that enhancing human development requires ensuring not only sustainable economic growth but also that its benefits are widely shared. In turn, the problem of skills/educational mismatch looms large because of its (negative) consequences for individual and societal [...] Read more.

The concept of inclusive growth highlights that enhancing human development requires ensuring not only sustainable economic growth but also that its benefits are widely shared. In turn, the problem of skills/educational mismatch looms large because of its (negative) consequences for individual and societal well-being. Against this background, this article studies some effects of skills/educational mismatch on inclusive economic growth. More concretely, it focuses on the relationships between vertical educational (mis)match and some macro characteristics, such as the level of unemployment and poverty indices. Theoretically, in searching for a more comprehensive understanding of skills/educational mismatch, the article draws on the heuristic potential of the capability approach. Empirically, this study relies on data from the 11th round of the European Social Survey, carried out in 2023/2024, and official statistical sources and has applied correlations for the analyses. This study’s findings show that the vertical educational match can be viewed as a sign of inclusive growth. They further reveal that the effects of skills/educational (mis)match at the societal level vary among different occupational groups. Finally, the obtained results demonstrate that vertical—either above or below—educational mismatch is related to capability deprivation at a societal level. Full article

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12 pages, 257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Paradigm of Desistance and Correctional Interventions: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Relapse Risk Reduction in Sexual Offenders

by Maria-Marinela Mihăilă, Cristina Gavriluță, Tiberiu Dughi and Dana Rad

Societies 2025, 15(4), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040112 - 21 Apr 2025

Viewed by 157

Abstract

The criminological approach to relapse is based, on the one hand, on the theories that explain the risk of relapse, including the risk level assessment tools, and on the other hand, on the rehabilitation theories—the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model and The Good Live Model [...] Read more.

The criminological approach to relapse is based, on the one hand, on the theories that explain the risk of relapse, including the risk level assessment tools, and on the other hand, on the rehabilitation theories—the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model and The Good Live Model (GLM), which explain the mechanisms of reducing the risk of relapse in the assisted desistance paradigm. The objectives of this study focus on identifying the predictors of relapse in correlation with relapse inhibitors that combine a number of personal, psycho-emotional factors with psychopathological, socio-economic, and cultural accents. The method used is that of the case study from the perspective of clinical criminology, referring to forensic psychiatry through specific techniques and working procedures of some institutions in the correctional system—territorial structures of probation (TSP) in cooperation with the penitentiary system. The results of the study focus on the impact of standardized programs on the reduction in the risk of relapse after prison (RRR) and on personal and socio-familial factors involved in post-executional surveillance and post-criminal assistance. In conclusion, the current study highlights the need to corroborate the clinical or subjective assessment of relapse risk with the actual or objective assessment, which also includes the risk of violence in the framework of community monitoring from the perspective of community or social psychiatry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)

17 pages, 237 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Doctrinal and Newspaper Data Analysis of UK Policy for LGBTQ+ Asylum Seekers Following the Enactment of the Nationality and Boarders Act 2022

by Rachel Saunders

Societies 2025, 15(4), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040111 - 21 Apr 2025

Viewed by 225

Abstract

The UK government has detailed guidelines for assessing and guiding LGBTQI+ asylum seekers through the asylum process in the UK. This is an explorative paper assessing whether post the enactment of the Nationalities and Boarders Act 2022 the media narrative around queer refugees [...] Read more.

The UK government has detailed guidelines for assessing and guiding LGBTQI+ asylum seekers through the asylum process in the UK. This is an explorative paper assessing whether post the enactment of the Nationalities and Boarders Act 2022 the media narrative around queer refugees has had any influence on UK government policy. It does this by laying out the baseline UK LGBTQ+ asylum seeker legislative and UK civil service guidance and analysing UK newspapers in a media data analysis of mainstream UK media websites to see if there is any media influence on legislation or guidance post-enactment of the NBA 2022. These findings indicate there was no discernible influence on UK government policy towards LGBTQ+ asylum seekers by mainstream UK news media (Mainstream media for this research is defined as national newspapers with large website traffic, such as The Guardian, The Times, and The Daily Mail. These sources were chosen due to their digital footprint and searchability, which enabled textual analysis of the content) post-enactment of the NBA 2022 on 28 April 2022. In addition, the doctrinal analysis shows that the UK government is both opaque about LGBTQ+ asylum statistics and the outcome of Stage 1 asylum decisions, making it difficult to judge what sources influence these decisions and data. This makes it difficult for the UK media to cover these stories with clarity unless a claimant waives their right to anonymity, or a leak happens. Given the available data, it is also apparent that there has been a year-on-year decrease in LGBTQ asylum appeals, suggesting that while the media narrative may not be influencing policy, the New Plan itself may be having a chilling influence on LGBTQ asylum claims. More research over a longer period of time is required to explore this. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Class: Exploring the Intersections of Power and Inequality)

18 pages, 870 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mental Health of University Students: A Social Ecology Perspective

by Mabel Segú-Odriozola

Societies 2025, 15(4), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040110 - 21 Apr 2025

Viewed by 266

Abstract

University students increasingly encounter significant mental health challenges as they navigate a pivotal period of personal and academic transition. Heightened by academic demands, financial insecurity, social isolation, and cultural expectations, these pressures can profoundly affect their emotional well-being. In response to this growing [...] Read more.

University students increasingly encounter significant mental health challenges as they navigate a pivotal period of personal and academic transition. Heightened by academic demands, financial insecurity, social isolation, and cultural expectations, these pressures can profoundly affect their emotional well-being. In response to this growing concern, a qualitative phenomenological study was undertaken to explore the subjective experiences of university students regarding their mental health. Guided by a socioecological framework, the research examined the complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal factors shaping students’ perceptions and lived realities of mental well-being. The study utilized a phenomenological design and included 56 students from eight degree programs. The data collection methods included semi-structured interviews, reflective diaries, focus groups, ecological mapping, and ethnographic observation. The findings revealed that complex interactions between personal, social, institutional, and structural factors significantly influence students’ mental well-being. The research identified strategies students use to maintain or improve mental health, along with barriers and facilitators they encounter in the university context. The results emphasize the need for universities to adopt comprehensive, student-centered interventions, such as peer mentorship and mutual support programs, supported by updated institutional policies. These measures aim to create inclusive, adaptive, and less stressful environments, providing a model for other universities seeking to address similar challenges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holistic Approaches: The Inter-Effect Between Social Ecology and Social Work for Vulnerable Groups)

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17 pages, 4314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Primary School Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Water Management: Insights from Environmental Education

by Oana Irimia, Claudia Tomozei, Mirela Panainte-Lehadus, Dana Chitimus, Florin Nedeff, Narcis Barsan, Emilian Mosnegutu and Diana Mirila

Societies 2025, 15(4), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040109 - 20 Apr 2025

Viewed by 85

Abstract

Environmental education is a vital strategy for conservation and protection, creating collaborative spaces for scientists, community members, and other stakeholders. Across various countries, educational curricula include courses aimed at teaching the younger generation about environmental protection. Interactive and practical educational programs, along with [...] Read more.

Environmental education is a vital strategy for conservation and protection, creating collaborative spaces for scientists, community members, and other stakeholders. Across various countries, educational curricula include courses aimed at teaching the younger generation about environmental protection. Interactive and practical educational programs, along with the involvement of parents and the community, enhance learning and create connections between school and daily life. Curriculum changes are influenced by several factors, including children’s understanding and application of these concepts. Various methods, such as questionnaire analysis, have been developed for this purpose. This study assessed the knowledge levels and behaviors regarding the environmental factor “water” among primary school students in Bacău, Romania. Conducted through a questionnaire method, the survey included 308 students from grades 2 to 4. The findings highlight the significance of environmental education in primary schools, preparing children to act responsibly towards the environment. It is recommended to implement interactive educational programs and foster partnerships with the community and local organizations to promote water conservation and reduce consumption, thereby cultivating a long-term sustainable culture. Full article

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16 pages, 231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immigration Lawyers as Para-State Actors: Deportation of Non-Residents in Aotearoa New Zealand

by Timothy P. Fadgen and Luke D. Oldfield

Societies 2025, 15(4), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040108 - 19 Apr 2025

Viewed by 192

Abstract

This article considers the role of lawyers and immigration advisers in the deportation process for non-resident visa holders in New Zealand. In the process, this article adds to a small but growing literature on the role of immigration officials in the immigration policy [...] Read more.

This article considers the role of lawyers and immigration advisers in the deportation process for non-resident visa holders in New Zealand. In the process, this article adds to a small but growing literature on the role of immigration officials in the immigration policy space. We use Lipsky’s concept of the street-level bureaucrat and Lakhani’s notion of ‘para-state’ actors—those outside the formal apparatus of the state who nonetheless serve a central role in policy implementation—to advance our understanding of the deportation process. This qualitative study engaged in in-depth interviews with twenty-two (22) immigration lawyers and advisers to explore their experiences. We identify several themes about the importance of formal and informal networks for developing advocacy skills and tactics; how the features of the immigration system, lower levels of judicial scrutiny of decisions, and lower evidentiary requirements create spaces for lawyer advocacy and creativity; and how participants shared a commitment to social justice and camaraderie in their work that was essential to interactions with state officials and others. We contend that these efforts have the potential to reshape the state’s bordering practices yet are an often-overlooked area of study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Borders, (Im)mobility and the Everyday)

18 pages, 486 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Online Gaming and Healthy Lifestyles: A Qualitative Study of Gamers in Saudi Arabia

by Yara Almuhtadi and Samah Alageel

Societies 2025, 15(4), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040107 - 18 Apr 2025

Viewed by 197

Abstract

Gamers and esports players encounter distinct health challenges that can affect their well-being and performance. Recognising these needs is crucial for developing effective health interventions. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to adopting a healthy lifestyle among gamers and their views on [...] Read more.

Gamers and esports players encounter distinct health challenges that can affect their well-being and performance. Recognising these needs is crucial for developing effective health interventions. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to adopting a healthy lifestyle among gamers and their views on behaviour change interventions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with esports competitors and gamers, using the COM-B model to explore their perceptions. Participants discussed definitions of a healthy lifestyle, emphasising diet and physical activity. There was no consensus on its attainability, as personal, social, and environmental factors influenced perceptions of ease or difficulty. Participants identified key aspects for effective behaviour change interventions, including where, how, and when to implement them, considering these components can help in the design of interventions that are more effective, accessible, and engaging for the target population. This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach that considers the unique traits of gamers and their lifestyle. By tailoring health promotion efforts, policymakers can more effectively support this community in reaching its health and wellness objectives. Full article

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17 pages, 1077 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Health Education in Early Childhood Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature

by Anabel Ramos-Pla and Laura Fornons Casol

Societies 2025, 15(4), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040106 - 18 Apr 2025

Viewed by 251

Abstract

Addressing Health Education (HE) in Early Childhood Education is essential for shaping future responsible citizens who are aware about the importance of caring for their health. The aim of the present article was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature on [...] Read more.

Addressing Health Education (HE) in Early Childhood Education is essential for shaping future responsible citizens who are aware about the importance of caring for their health. The aim of the present article was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature on Health Education in the Early Childhood Education stage. Through an exhaustive analysis of 21 articles published in the internationally-renowned database Web of Science in a period of 10 years (2014–2024), the text is structured around three dimensions: article data and main areas and topics covered, pertinence and relevance of Health Education in Early Childhood Education, and lastly, the impact of Health Education in child development. The results show an increase in scientific production, although limitations persist, such as the predominance of quantitative approaches, gaps in mixed designs, a fragmented focus on educational actors, and the lack of interdisciplinary integration. It is concluded that HE in Early Childhood Education is fundamental for promoting healthy habits, for the comprehensive development of students, and community well-being, underlining the importance of interdisciplinary approaches, teachers’ training, and health literacy to guarantee its efficacy and sustainability. Full article

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14 pages, 867 KiB

Open AccessArticle

(In)Visible Nuances: Analytical Methods for a Relational Impact Assessment of Anti-Poverty Projects

by M. Licia Paglione

Societies 2025, 15(4), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040105 - 18 Apr 2025

Viewed by 178

Abstract

In recent social science debates, poverty is seen as a multidimensional phenomenon, not only economic, but also psychological, educational, moral, and relational. The empirical observation and analysis of this latter dimension and its qualities represent a sociological challenge, especially in assessing the integral [...] Read more.

In recent social science debates, poverty is seen as a multidimensional phenomenon, not only economic, but also psychological, educational, moral, and relational. The empirical observation and analysis of this latter dimension and its qualities represent a sociological challenge, especially in assessing the integral effectiveness of social projects. As part of this debate, this article proposes an analytical method—based on Social Network Analysis, according to the egocentric or personal approach—and describes its use during an empirical “relational impact assessment” of a specific anti-poverty project in the Northwest region of Argentina. Analysis of the data—collected longitudinally through questionnaires—highlights the changes in the personal “relational configurations” of small entrepreneurs in the tourist area, i.e., the beneficiaries of the project, while also highlighting the emergence of “relational goods”. In this way, this article offers an analytical method to evaluate the “relational impact” of anti-poverty projects in quali–quantitative terms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Inclusion and Well-Being, How Contemporary Societies Have Transformed)

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15 pages, 1330 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Qualitative Studies of Parents’ Perspectives on Climate Change

by Hilary Graham, Pete Lampard and Su Golder

Societies 2025, 15(4), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040104 - 17 Apr 2025

Viewed by 159

Abstract

Climate change is opening up new fields of qualitative research, including one focused on parents’ perspectives on climate change. Our scoping review identifies and describes studies in OECD countries in this emerging field. We used recommended search strategies and methods for reviews of [...] Read more.

Climate change is opening up new fields of qualitative research, including one focused on parents’ perspectives on climate change. Our scoping review identifies and describes studies in OECD countries in this emerging field. We used recommended search strategies and methods for reviews of qualitative studies. We located 19 unique studies (22 papers) published between January 2000 and June 2024 which were characterised by distinct foci, study populations and participant profiles. The two major foci were reproductive decision-making and the emotional impacts of climate change on parents and children. Study populations were predominantly those already actively engaged in climate change issues. In studies providing socio-demographic information, most participants were socially advantaged. In developing this important field, we argue for a broader research agenda with respect to foci and for study populations and participant profiles that are more representative of the societies in which the studies are located. Full article

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12 pages, 881 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Sedentary Behavior on School Engagement Among Youth Aged 10 to 18 in Southern Spain

by Pablo Ramírez-Espejo, Jose Luis Solas-Martínez, Rubén Roldán-Roldán and Alba Rusillo-Magdaleno

Societies 2025, 15(4), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040103 - 17 Apr 2025

Viewed by 125

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of sedentary behavior among adolescents raises concerns about its impact on academic engagement. This study examines the association between negative and positive sedentary behavior and behavioral, emotional, and cognitive school engagement in adolescents. A total of 270 students aged 10 [...] Read more.

The increasing prevalence of sedentary behavior among adolescents raises concerns about its impact on academic engagement. This study examines the association between negative and positive sedentary behavior and behavioral, emotional, and cognitive school engagement in adolescents. A total of 270 students aged 10 to 18 from southern Spain participated. Sedentary behavior was assessed via self-report, and school engagement was measured using the School Engagement Measure (SEM). ANCOVA and binary logistic regression were applied, adjusting for age, BMI, and maternal education level. The findings indicate that low negative sedentary behavior is associated with higher cognitive engagement (p = 0.009), while high positive sedentary behavior correlates with greater behavioral (p = 0.018) and cognitive engagement (p = 0.008). Moreover, high negative sedentary behavior more than doubles the risk of low cognitive engagement, and low positive sedentary behavior significantly increases the likelihood of low behavioral and cognitive engagement. These results suggest that while some sedentary behaviors may hinder academic engagement, structured activities like reading and studying can positively contribute to school performance. Encouraging active learning strategies, structured study habits, and responsible screen use may help to maximize school engagement. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and intervention strategies to optimize adolescent learning and well-being. Full article

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16 pages, 829 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationships and Relationality in Times of Profound Eco-Political Change

by Chris Turner

Societies 2025, 15(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040102 - 16 Apr 2025

Viewed by 104

Abstract

This paper draws out the distinction between relationship and relationality in the context of a time of ecological turmoil and the climate emergency. It does so from an aesthoecological standpoint—a concept initially developed by the author to establish important criteria and characteristics within [...] Read more.

This paper draws out the distinction between relationship and relationality in the context of a time of ecological turmoil and the climate emergency. It does so from an aesthoecological standpoint—a concept initially developed by the author to establish important criteria and characteristics within education. Eco-political issues are stressed as being vital to education across the lifespan, and this paper offers a philosophical backdrop for these crucial issues and some hope for the future. Ideas of transdisciplinarity are foregrounded in both theoretical and practical ways to emphasise that the problems of climate change, biodiversity loss, and other Earth crises are inherently complex and interconnected. Addressing these challenges requires a new way of understanding our relationships with both humans and more-than-humans, which is primarily an eco-political issue, and lifelong education has a significant role to play. The author proposes that aesthoecology has an important role in framing and addressing educational futures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Education Across the Lifespan)

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16 pages, 233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Vulnerability and Injustices Faced by Young Carers in Developed Societies

by Gottfried Schweiger

Societies 2025, 15(4), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040101 - 16 Apr 2025

Viewed by 209

Abstract

Around 2–8% of children and adolescents in developed societies are young carers, who provide care for ill, disabled, or addicted family members. This paper investigates the vulnerability and multidimensional injustices faced by young carers, drawing on empirical studies—both qualitative and quantitative—and social theory [...] Read more.

Around 2–8% of children and adolescents in developed societies are young carers, who provide care for ill, disabled, or addicted family members. This paper investigates the vulnerability and multidimensional injustices faced by young carers, drawing on empirical studies—both qualitative and quantitative—and social theory to reveal how young carers navigate their roles within the broader context of social inequality, highlighting the social structures and mechanisms that contribute to their marginalization and the detrimental consequences for their social inclusion, well-being, and personal development. The methodology of this article is a narrative analysis of relevant empirical research on young carers, combined with an analysis of this literature through a normative framework of social justice, which examines four dimensions of justice in order to highlight the vulnerability of young carers. (1) Firstly, young carers are often pushed into their situation because of economic and social constraints, which do not allow the family to find a different solution. Economic inequalities lead to and enforce caring obligations and have a cumulative negative effect on the young carer. Limited resources can be problematic for social inclusion, and when combined with caring obligations, they are corrosive. (2) Secondly, young carers are often victims of moral blackmail, which is that they are trapped in a situation where it would be morally wrong for them to act otherwise. Such moral blackmail can be carried out by those who are cared for, by the family and relatives or even by society, which could, but does not provide alternatives to young carers. (3) Thirdly, young carers are often manipulated to accept their caring obligations through distorted social norms and practices. Other than in the case of moral blackmail, such young carers do not care because they want to do the morally right thing and do have no alternatives available, but because they internalized that it would be normal for them to do so. Two concepts are useful to capture this aspect: adaptive preferences and indoctrination. (4) Fourthly, young people caring is often a form of exploitation, in that it takes unfair advantage of the young carer by receiving something from them, without giving an equivalent in return (and harming them in the process). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vulnerability in Theology, the Humanities and Social Sciences)

16 pages, 926 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights into Intimate Partner Violence: Exploring Predictive Factors in Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 2018

by George Atta, Paul Newton and Tayyab Shah

Societies 2025, 15(4), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040100 - 15 Apr 2025

Viewed by 380

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a serious public health issue, particularly in Ghana. It is crucial to create evidence-based, preventative measures to stop IVP. This study empirically investigated the factors related to married women’s perceptions of male IPV against women. The [...] Read more.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a serious public health issue, particularly in Ghana. It is crucial to create evidence-based, preventative measures to stop IVP. This study empirically investigated the factors related to married women’s perceptions of male IPV against women. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Goal 5.2) advocate for the elimination of male violence against women by governments, hence this study contributes to monitoring the progress being made. This study employed cross-sectional secondary data from Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted in 2018 with a sample of 14,237 women aged 15–49. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions, and the results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Women’s justification of male IPV against women was correlated with socio-demographic factors such as education level, marital status, age of the woman, area of residence (rural or urban), ethnic background, and economic disadvantage (wealth status). Higher educated women (OR 0.248 [95% CI 0.185–0.332, p < 0.001]) were less likely to justify male IPV against women than women with no/less formal education. Women who were in the richest quintile (OR 0.766 [95% CI 0.634–0.926, p = 0.006]) were less likely than those in the poorest/lowest quintile to rationalize/justify intimate partner violence. In terms of ethnicity of the household head, the Ga/Dangme (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.714–1.036, p = 0.112]) had lower odds of justifying male IPV against women compared to the Akan. The government, through the Ministry of Gender and Child Protection and women’s advocacy groups, should devise strategies, programs, and policies to empower women through formal education and economically through job training and employment support for women and victims to help them achieve financial independence and reduce negative attitudes toward women and the prevalence of male IPV against women. Full article

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12 pages, 230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Teaching Competence Regarding Foreign Languages and Learning Modes at Official Language Schools in Andalusia (Spain)

by María Rubio-Gragera, Antonio Palacios-Rodríguez, Julio Cabero-Almenara and Mª Victoria Fernández Scagliusi

Societies 2025, 15(4), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040099 - 11 Apr 2025

Viewed by 245

Abstract

Despite the limited academic focus on the context of Official Language Schools (OLSs), these institutions play a crucial role in the formal education system, which are exclusively dedicated to foreign language teaching across various modalities in Andalusia, where ten different languages are taught. [...] Read more.

Despite the limited academic focus on the context of Official Language Schools (OLSs), these institutions play a crucial role in the formal education system, which are exclusively dedicated to foreign language teaching across various modalities in Andalusia, where ten different languages are taught. The main aim of this study is to perform an analysis the following two specific aspects: first, a descriptive analysis of the digital competence of 105 OLS teachers, and, second, a contrastive analysis examining potential differences in digital competence based on the language and teaching modalities (e.g., face-to-face vs. blended learning). This study uses the DigCompEdu framework to evaluate the digital skills of the teachers, revealing that, while they receive some training in digital competence, the overall level is only moderate, indicating a significant need for further professional development. Notably, the study highlights that the teachers’ ability to convey the importance of digital tools for educational purposes is a crucial area, particularly in an environment where digital natives and immigrants coexist, presenting an intergenerational digital divide. The contrastive analysis shows no significant differences in digital competence based on language or modality, pointing to the lack of specialized training for blended learning teachers, who must rely heavily on technology in their work. This study suggests future research should focus on the digital competence of students, considering age as a potential influential factor in language learning, and recommends designing a tailored digital competence training plan for OLS teachers based on the DigCompEdu framework, which could benefit foreign language educators broadly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)

17 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Re-Constructing “Populism” as a Signifier of the Changing Meanings of the Political World: The Italian Case

by Matteo Antonini, Ambra Achilli, Desirè Gallucci, Maria Sophia Heering, Marika Rullo, Claudio Melacarne and Loretta Fabbri

Societies 2025, 15(4), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040098 - 9 Apr 2025

Viewed by 174

Abstract

This paper investigates the concept of “populist attitudes” resulting from the emotional symbolization of the political world. While contemporary scholars link populism to individual attitudes or socio-economic shifts, we argue that understanding populism’s underlying dynamics offers a more nuanced perspective. Addressing these emotional [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the concept of “populist attitudes” resulting from the emotional symbolization of the political world. While contemporary scholars link populism to individual attitudes or socio-economic shifts, we argue that understanding populism’s underlying dynamics offers a more nuanced perspective. Addressing these emotional symbolizations sheds light on how populist attitudes and structural conditions become salient and lead to a global rise. Using data from a nationally representative Italian survey, we studied the interaction between populist attitudes and three concepts often associated with populism, which we ascribed to the domain of the emotional symbolizations of the political world: alienation, powerlessness, and protest voting. Alienation reflects passive estrangement from politics, while powerlessness fuels citizens’ potential resentment, leading to protest voting as a reaction. By emphasizing the relationship between citizens and politics, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the socio-cultural and psychological drivers of populist attitudes, disentangling the concept of “populism” from the risk of reified stances. We underscore that approaching this phenomenon within its broader dynamic can provide an innovative perspective. We call for further contextual approaches to enhance theoretical insights and inform practical strategies to address populism’s disruptive effects. Full article

15 pages, 1065 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Cultural “Blood Ties” Between Medical Anthropology and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review

by Davide Costa and Raffaele Serra

Societies 2025, 15(4), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040097 - 8 Apr 2025

Viewed by 357

Abstract

Background: Medical anthropology is a subfield that examines the various factors influencing health, disease, illness, and sickness. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders affecting the heart, arteries, and veins. Patients with CVD face significant, unique health challenges, including functional decline, repeated [...] Read more.

Background: Medical anthropology is a subfield that examines the various factors influencing health, disease, illness, and sickness. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders affecting the heart, arteries, and veins. Patients with CVD face significant, unique health challenges, including functional decline, repeated hospitalizations, and psychological and social issues, which contribute to a global decline in health and escalate health system costs. Medical anthropologists have explored this extensive category of diseases in numerous ways, including cross-cultural studies that enhance our understanding of these conditions. Therefore, building on these preliminary insights, this article posed the following research question: How does medical anthropology enhance our understanding, prevention, and management of cardiovascular diseases through cultural, social, and behavioral lenses? Methods: This study examined the research question through a narrative literature review. Results: The literature analysis revealed connections between medical anthropology and specific CVDs: heart disease, hypertension, arterial disease, venous disease, and wound care. Conclusions: The findings from the literature analysis indicate what could be described as the cultural “blood ties” between medical anthropology and cardiovascular disease. In this manner, in the spirit of integration, inter-, and transdisciplinarity, it is increasingly necessary to incorporate mixed-method approaches drawing from both the anthropological and medical fields to better deliver tailored care. Full article

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12 pages, 214 KiB

Open AccessReview

User Spatial Content in Social Research: Approaches, Opportunities, and Challenges

by Ciro Clemente De Falco

Societies 2025, 15(4), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040096 - 8 Apr 2025

Viewed by 239

Abstract

The availability of user-generated spatial data (user spatial content, USC) has transformed social science research, enabling the real-time, large-scale exploration of socio-spatial dynamics. This article traces the evolution from volunteered geographic information (VGI) to USC, highlighting their multidimensional nature and epistemological significance. Brief [...] Read more.

The availability of user-generated spatial data (user spatial content, USC) has transformed social science research, enabling the real-time, large-scale exploration of socio-spatial dynamics. This article traces the evolution from volunteered geographic information (VGI) to USC, highlighting their multidimensional nature and epistemological significance. Brief examples underscore USC’s potential for capturing the interplay between territorial factors, digital activity, and social phenomena, ranging from mapping urban vitality to tracking large-scale crises. However, the recent tightening of data access in the post-API era demands a rethinking of research approaches. Alternatives such as data donation, dedicated applications, and geoparsing can maintain the viability of USC-driven analyses. Overall, this article underlines the need for diversified, ethical, and methodologically sound strategies to harness USC’s value in understanding the digitally intertwined realities of contemporary society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reshaping Social Reality: Digital Societies and the Data-Based Approach)

31 pages, 2653 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

From Social Sciences to Urban Praxis: A Critical Synthesis of Historical–Contextual Inquiry and Analysis in Urban Studies

by Hisham Abusaada and Abeer Elshater

Societies 2025, 15(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040095 - 3 Apr 2025

Viewed by 695

Abstract

This concept paper introduces the Contextual Critical Historical Inquiry and Analysis (CCHIA) framework—a critical synthesis tool designed to advance historical contextual inquiry in urban studies. The study aims to develop a structured methodological framework that integrates historical and critical approaches to enhance the [...] Read more.

This concept paper introduces the Contextual Critical Historical Inquiry and Analysis (CCHIA) framework—a critical synthesis tool designed to advance historical contextual inquiry in urban studies. The study aims to develop a structured methodological framework that integrates historical and critical approaches to enhance the analysis of urban phenomena. To develop this framework, we employed a two-fold strategy, conducting a literature search of the social sciences and urban studies using databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, JSTOR, and Scopus. First, we screened Google Scholar to identify relevant scholars and works published between 1883 and 2024. Second, a content analysis of 58 peer-reviewed articles (2000–2024) was then performed. The concept paper follows a five-stage, 26-step framework integrating four history-focused concepts—interpretive history, historical perspective, historical context, and historical contextualization—alongside three critical approaches: critical discourse analysis, comparative historical analysis, and critical urban theory. By synthesizing these elements, the suggested framework equips researchers to systematically decode the historical and societal forces shaping urban phenomena. CCHIA challenges traditional urban scholarship by leveraging interdisciplinary insights from the social sciences, addressing context as a theoretical perspective for understanding urban formation, and as a critical influence on academic writing. The contribution of CCHIA lies in linking historical analysis to contemporary urban challenges—enabling researchers to focus on previous literature analysis findings to address the current situation’s challenges. The CCHIA framework offers an adaptable toolkit for producing socially engaged and context-sensitive urban textbooks. Full article

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18 pages, 542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

More than Just a Roof: Solutions to Better Support Families from Homelessness to Healing

by Athina Spiropoulos, Patricia Desjardine, Jocelyn Adamo, Rukhsaar Daya, Lisa Zaretsky and Katrina Milaney

Societies 2025, 15(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040094 - 3 Apr 2025

Viewed by 255

Abstract

Homelessness for families in Alberta, Canada, is a growing concern despite an abundance of research and continued support for Housing First programs, and the consequences can be severe. This study used a descriptive qualitative design to examine the experiences of families currently living [...] Read more.

Homelessness for families in Alberta, Canada, is a growing concern despite an abundance of research and continued support for Housing First programs, and the consequences can be severe. This study used a descriptive qualitative design to examine the experiences of families currently living in or that have a history of homelessness with the goal of developing recommendations to improve system coordination. Participants included parents who had at least one dependent child while homeless (n = 15) and staff who were currently working at a homeless support service (n = 18). Interviews were analyzed using a thematic inductive approach and integrated using functional narrative analysis. Four themes emerged: (1) Housing as a Foundation for Success in Other Domains; (2) Challenges with System Navigation: A Door Within a Door Within a Door; (3) Services’ Contributions to Trauma; and (4) Exposure to Social Bias and Stigma Within Services. We posit several recommendations for policy and service delivery which focus on finding “homes” and building community connections, enhancing Housing First program models, expanding on existing trauma-informed approaches, and prioritizing system-level change. Full article

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19 pages, 646 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Labor Market Challenges and Coping Strategies of Highly Skilled Second-Generation Immigrants in Europe: A Scoping Review

by Noa Achouche

Societies 2025, 15(4), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040093 - 2 Apr 2025

Viewed by 210

Abstract

This scoping review investigates the labor market challenges and coping strategies of highly skilled second-generation immigrants in Europe who, despite their educational and professional accomplishments, face persistent barriers related to ethnic, cultural, and religious identities. Synthesizing existing literature, the review examines obstacles to [...] Read more.

This scoping review investigates the labor market challenges and coping strategies of highly skilled second-generation immigrants in Europe who, despite their educational and professional accomplishments, face persistent barriers related to ethnic, cultural, and religious identities. Synthesizing existing literature, the review examines obstacles to the economic integration of highly educated children of immigrants, highlighting both their perceptions of these barriers and the adaptive strategies they employ. A systematic search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost to identify studies published between 2010 and 2024. The selection process followed a structured five-stage framework, including defining research questions, identifying and selecting relevant studies, charting the data, and synthesizing findings. A total of 1192 records were initially identified, with 1022 retained after duplicate removal. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 68 studies were included in the review. Findings indicate that hiring discrimination, occupational segregation, and exclusion from elite professional networks remain key barriers, particularly for those of Muslim background. Despite achieving professional success, many continue to encounter symbolic boundaries that limit career advancement. In response, second-generation professionals adopt various coping strategies, including ethnic niche formation, entrepreneurship, and transnational mobility, to navigate labor market disadvantages. Challenging traditional assimilation narratives, findings reveal that professional success does not guarantee societal acceptance, as ethnic and cultural identities continue to pose significant barriers. The review concludes by identifying key research gaps, advocating for further exploration of organizational practices that perpetuate ethnic inequalities within high-skill professions, and examining transnational mobility as a coping strategy for second-generation elites. Future research should explore how gender and ethnicity intersect to shape career trajectories for second-generation women. Additionally, expanding research beyond the predominant focus on Muslim professionals to include other religious and ethnic groups would provide a more comprehensive understanding of how identity markers influence labor market outcomes. Finally, as demographic shifts reshape European labor markets, comparative studies should assess how different institutional and cultural frameworks influence patterns of inclusion and exclusion for highly skilled second-generation professionals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migrants, Refugees and Labor Markets: International Perspectives on Inclusion and Exclusion in the New Millennium)

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17 pages, 508 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analyzing Career Counseling and Guidance Services Among Romanian Universities: A Quantitative Approach to Students’ Perception

by Claudiu Coman, Anna Bucs, Marian Dalban and Cristina Gavriluță

Societies 2025, 15(4), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040092 - 1 Apr 2025

Viewed by 313

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate Romanian university students’ perceptions of career counseling and guidance (CCG) services provided in 2022–2023. A quantitative methodology was employed, analyzing survey data (n = 7402 respondents from 18 universities) to explore awareness of, utilization of, and satisfaction [...] Read more.

This study aimed to evaluate Romanian university students’ perceptions of career counseling and guidance (CCG) services provided in 2022–2023. A quantitative methodology was employed, analyzing survey data (n = 7402 respondents from 18 universities) to explore awareness of, utilization of, and satisfaction with such services. Data analysis via SPSS included descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation), bivariate correlations (Pearson, Spearman), and Chi-Square tests to identify significant relationships between variables, such as academic year, knowledge of CCG staff/services, and overall service evaluation. Preliminary results suggest low rates of CCG awareness and use, highlighting a disparity between student needs and available resources. This study contributes to understanding the Romanian CCG context by integrating theoretical perspectives from the international literature on dropout prevention, workforce adaptability in the digital age, and higher education quality assurance models. Limitations regarding reliance on secondary data and subjective response biases are discussed, and directions for future research aimed at improving CCG efficacy and student career transition support are proposed. Complete findings will be presented in the full work, providing an empirical foundation for CCG policy and strategy development aimed at enhancing career guidance services in Romanian higher education. Full article

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12 pages, 5345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Creation of Educational Technology Resources to Raise Awareness of Gender Violence Through a Service Learning Project

by Vanesa Delgado-Benito, Sonia Rodríguez-Cano, Miguel Ángel García-Delgado, Paula Puente-Torre, Vanesa Ausín-Villaverde and Víctor Abella-García

Societies 2025, 15(4), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040091 - 1 Apr 2025

Viewed by 224

Abstract

This contribution is part of the Service Learning (SL) project “Abre tus ojos” (Open your eyes), whose main objective is to contribute to the coeducation and gender violence awareness of future education professionals. In line with the dimensions of sustainable human development, the [...] Read more.

This contribution is part of the Service Learning (SL) project “Abre tus ojos” (Open your eyes), whose main objective is to contribute to the coeducation and gender violence awareness of future education professionals. In line with the dimensions of sustainable human development, the actions developed in this SL project are directly related to helping people and groups in need. Students from different courses at the Faculty of Education of the University of Burgos have been involved in the training activities of an Association for Assistance to Victims of Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence (ADAVAS Burgos) through the design of technological educational resources that contribute to raising awareness of gender violence. As a result of the project, a web repository has been created with technological educational resources created by the students (videos, infographics, stories, games). This repository is open access and is presented as a resource contributing to the goal of Sustainable Development Goal (SDP) in relation to gender equality. Full article

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17 pages, 565 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond Accessibility Compliance: Exploring the Role of Information on Apparel Shopping Websites for the Blind and Visually Impaired

by Emma Nicoson and Jung Ha-Brookshire

Societies 2025, 15(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040090 - 1 Apr 2025

Viewed by 277

Abstract

In response to increasing numbers of people switching from offline to online shopping after the COVID-19 pandemic, this study sought to obtain an in-depth understanding of apparel website design and digital accessibility for all people, including people with visual impairments (PVI). Given the [...] Read more.

In response to increasing numbers of people switching from offline to online shopping after the COVID-19 pandemic, this study sought to obtain an in-depth understanding of apparel website design and digital accessibility for all people, including people with visual impairments (PVI). Given the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Article 9, which mandates that all 191 international parties take measures to ensure people with disabilities have equal access to information and communication technology, this study explored the challenges PVI face while accessing informational content about apparel products online. To achieve this goal, Culnan’s dimensions of perceived accessibility to information, a lens for understanding how consumers experience and evaluate the accessibility of information systems, were used as the theoretical framework. We applied phenomenological methods to explore the daily “lived experience” in depth through observations and semi-structured interviews with eight female participants in their 20 s to 60 s, each lasting more than 45 min. Based on thematic analysis, the findings highlighted the unmet website meta descriptions for product information and navigation functionality for assistive technology, which, as a result, negatively impacts digital accessibility for PVI to shop online for apparel. The study concludes with contributions that extend the theoretical framework to the digital landscape, addresses the gap of inclusive digital apparel retailing practices, and emphasizes the opportunities for apparel educators to incorporate an inclusive design curriculum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Disabled People/People with Disabilities (Non-Medical Coverage))

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17 pages, 237 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Journalists’ Perspectives on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Quality Journalism in Greek Local Media

by Zoi Palla and Ioanna Kostarella

Societies 2025, 15(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040089 - 31 Mar 2025

Viewed by 555

Abstract

The transformative influence of digitalization on journalism is evident across multiple dimensions of the industry. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping how news is produced, distributed, and consumed, from small local newsrooms to global media organizations, offering benefits such as increased speed, efficiency, and [...] Read more.

The transformative influence of digitalization on journalism is evident across multiple dimensions of the industry. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping how news is produced, distributed, and consumed, from small local newsrooms to global media organizations, offering benefits such as increased speed, efficiency, and personalization. However, the most critical role AI can play lies in upholding the high standards of accuracy, credibility, and depth that define quality journalism. The ongoing digital transformation prompts a re-evaluation of journalistic norms and practices, positioning quality at the forefront of discussions. This paper focuses on Greece’s media market that encountered a severe economic crisis and, more specifically, to the Greek local media landscape to investigate the complex relationship between AI and journalism in regional media organizations. More specific, the study explores how Greek local journalists believe AI can contribute to quality journalism, while upholding the core principles of ethics and integrity. It highlights their perspectives on AI, exploring both their hopes for its potential to improve journalistic practices and their concerns about its impact on journalistic values. Through semi-structured interviews with local media industry stakeholders in Greece—including editors, editors-in-chief, and journalists—this study assesses AI’s influence on journalistic quality in local newsrooms. The findings underscore the necessity of employing AI to elevate content standards rather than compromise them. Our research contributes to the discourse on AI in journalism and offers valuable insights for journalists, local news organizations, and policymakers navigating the ethical implications of AI adoption in the pursuit of high-quality journalism in Greek local media. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)

31 pages, 448 KiB

Open AccessReview

Industrial Revolutions and Automation: Tracing Economic and Social Transformations of Manufacturing

by Bence Márk Szeszák, István Gergely Kerékjártó, László Soltész and Péter Galambos

Societies 2025, 15(4), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040088 - 29 Mar 2025

Viewed by 531

Abstract

The rapid evolution of automation has become a defining phenomenon of the modern era, underscoring its great influence on industries and economies. Since the First Industrial Revolution, advancements in technology have consistently transformed manufacturing processes, progressively introducing mechanization, electrification, and digitalization. The current [...] Read more.

The rapid evolution of automation has become a defining phenomenon of the modern era, underscoring its great influence on industries and economies. Since the First Industrial Revolution, advancements in technology have consistently transformed manufacturing processes, progressively introducing mechanization, electrification, and digitalization. The current Fifth Industrial Revolution incorporates these changes through the integration of robotics, cobots (collaborative robots), and AI-driven (Artificial Intelligence) systems, representing unprecedented levels of human–machine collaboration. This paper examines the historical evolution of automation and industrial robotics and, based on the current state of the art, highlights the current standing of its economic and societal impacts. The adoption of automation and robotization in the supply chain and manufacturing has significantly enhanced productivity and precision, reducing errors and operational costs. However, it has also contributed to job displacement, especially in repetitive and manual tasks, necessitating the reskilling of the human workforce. Automation brings two main financial effects: it reduces long-term labor costs and boosts efficiency, but the upfront investments in advanced robotics and infrastructure are significant. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by automation, which ensures a balanced approach to economic growth, workforce development, and technological adoption across all sectors influenced by successive industrial revolutions. Full article

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16 pages, 238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Qualitative Study on the Role of Social Determinants of Health in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

by Davide Costa, Nicola Ielapi, Pietro Marino, Roberto Minici, Giulio Accarino, Ashour Michael, Teresa Faga, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Michele Andreucci and Raffaele Serra

Societies 2025, 15(4), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040087 - 28 Mar 2025

Viewed by 239

Abstract

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a growing public health problem due to its high and increasing prevalence worldwide. PAD is responsible for several severe complications that affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. Social determinants of health (SDHs) cover five [...] Read more.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a growing public health problem due to its high and increasing prevalence worldwide. PAD is responsible for several severe complications that affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. Social determinants of health (SDHs) cover five areas: economic stability, education access, and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context. This study aims to investigate SDHs-related outcomes to better understand their potential role in the lives of patients with PAD. Methods: A qualitative study has been conducted using semi-structured interviews to understand the role of SDHs in patients with PAD. Braun and Clarke’s method was used to guide the qualitative analysis of the data. Results: Twenty-seven patients were recruited to receive the interview, including twelve males (44.44%) and fifteen females (55.56%), with a mean age of 63.3 years old (a range of 50–87 years old). SDHs related to the five areas investigated significantly impacted PAD patient diagnosis and outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that physicians and vascular surgeons should consider SDHs impairments to recognize vulnerable patient populations and tailor treatment methods and follow-up protocols to their specific needs. Full article

7 pages, 164 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Introduction to ‘Gender, Sexuality, and State Violence: International Perspectives on Institutional and Intersectional Justice’

by Ladan Rahbari, Conny Roggeband and Kristina Kolbe

Societies 2025, 15(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040086 - 28 Mar 2025

Viewed by 353

Abstract

The term ‘state violence’ has been used to refer to a wide range of actions across many disciplines, from the interrogation of prisoners and torture to institutional discrimination against specific groups and the denial of access to equal rights and resources [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender, Sexuality, and State Violence: International Perspectives on Institutional and Intersectional Justice)

21 pages, 519 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Representativeness in Employment Relations and in Sociological Theories

by Peter Kerckhofs and Jef C. Verhoeven

Societies 2025, 15(4), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040085 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 554

Abstract

In the democratic structure of the EU (European Union) the representation of employers and employees is seen as an important element for the development of the economy. It is not sufficient to have a representation of these groups, but the representation of these [...] Read more.

In the democratic structure of the EU (European Union) the representation of employers and employees is seen as an important element for the development of the economy. It is not sufficient to have a representation of these groups, but the representation of these groups is also expected to be representative. Representativeness is often seen as an equal proportional distribution of the representatives of different groups that have to be represented. Nevertheless, representativeness can also be differently approached. In this article, we examine whether sociological paradigms can help us to get a more nuanced picture of representativeness in employment relations. For this purpose, we present in paradigms developed by Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Robert K. Merton, Talcott Parsons, and Jürgen Habermas and the exchange theory and symbolic interactionism. Subsequently, we apply these principles on some employment relations in the EU. And we finish with a discussion and conclusion, in which we support the use of a richer concept of representativeness as it is shown in some sociological paradigms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment Relations in the Era of Industry 4.0)

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12 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

Empowering and Promoting Children’s Rights by Implementing Skills Labs Using Engaging Learning Activities

by Charikleia Pitsou, Ioannis G. Katsantonis, Argyrios Katsantonis and Georgios S. Gorozidis

Societies 2025, 15(4), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040084 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 966

Abstract

Despite the efforts to advance children’s rights’ protection, many children’s rights are still not respected in many places. This makes it more necessary than ever to raise the awareness of children’s rights and prepare new generations of students to protect children’s rights via [...] Read more.

Despite the efforts to advance children’s rights’ protection, many children’s rights are still not respected in many places. This makes it more necessary than ever to raise the awareness of children’s rights and prepare new generations of students to protect children’s rights via empowering them to engage in activism. Drawing upon human rights education (HRE) models in conjunction with UNICEF’s methodologies, and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the current conceptual article suggests that by designing theoretically based engaging and meaningful learning activities, teachers can address the goals of HRE by raising the awareness of children’s rights, fostering accountability, and encouraging students to engage in activism to protect children’s rights. First, this article outlines a conceptual framework for designing meaningful and engaging learning activities within an adapted HRE model, combining the elements of HRE and UNICEF. Next, the educational innovation of Skills Labs in Greek education is introduced, and the TPB’s foundation on designing learning activities is briefly explained. To clarify our proposal, three sample Skills Labs with example learning activities are presented, adhering to the three main HRE objectives of gaining knowledge–taking responsibility–taking action to protect and consolidate children’s rights. Finally, this article explains the mechanism of how the TPB can support the effectiveness of this proposition and concludes with some important implications for practice. Full article

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Societies, Volume 15, Issue 4 (April 2025) – 40 articles

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