Societies

23 pages, 1402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Policy for Regulating the Congestion in Delivery Rooms in Israel: Alternatives, Consequences, and Recommendations

by Erez Cohen

Societies 2025, 15(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020047 - 19 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 729

Abstract

The growing congestion in delivery rooms in Israeli hospitals is the underlying issue of the current study. Aim: The study sought to examine various alternatives for public policy aimed at reducing congestion. The choice of Israel as a case study derives from its [...] Read more.

The growing congestion in delivery rooms in Israeli hospitals is the underlying issue of the current study. Aim: The study sought to examine various alternatives for public policy aimed at reducing congestion. The choice of Israel as a case study derives from its conspicuous imbalance between supply and demand in the maternity, resulting from the high demand for prenatal and birthing services on one hand and the low supply, both in absolute terms and relative to OECD countries, of medical resources such as physicians, nurses, and hospital beds. The research combines quantitative research that includes analysis of data related to human resources and hospital beds in Israel compared to other countries on one hand and data on productivity and childbirth in Israel on the other, and qualitative research that includes examination of the different alternatives to hospital-based birth. The research findings present fertility and birth data for Israel in the last decade, which are leading to increased congestion and crowding in delivery rooms and maternity wards at local hospitals. Discussion: Two possible alternatives are proposed for designing and implementing public policy capable of contributing to the regulation of this congestion. One is the home birth, and the second is private birthing centers. The research conclusions indicate that policymakers in Israel must anticipate the increasing congestion in hospital delivery rooms and maternity wards and expedite efforts at designing alternative solutions before the emergence of a crisis situation that will make it essential to identify immediate solutions. Full article

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25 pages, 9773 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Aging in Spain: Contemporary Sociological and Demographic Implications

by María José Pérez Fructuoso, Raquel García Revilla, Olga Martinez Moure and Ramiro Cea Moure

Societies 2025, 15(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020046 - 19 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 971

Abstract

Aging, as a phenomenon of profound social significance, has important repercussions. In this work, which focuses on Spain, aging and population structure indicators are analyzed. This basis for demographic analysis becomes useful later in preparing a sociological essay on the most pressing challenges [...] Read more.

Aging, as a phenomenon of profound social significance, has important repercussions. In this work, which focuses on Spain, aging and population structure indicators are analyzed. This basis for demographic analysis becomes useful later in preparing a sociological essay on the most pressing challenges facing Spanish society concerning population aging. The methodology used, as is usual within the framework of the social sciences, involves a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Specifically, from an eminently quantitative perspective, the important methodological shift of the 2021 Population and Housing Census is considered. It is also considered how the Statistics on Migrations and Changes of Residence emerge with the intention of measuring the migratory phenomenon between two consecutive censuses, as this phenomenon is also of great social significance in our country. The work culminates with a brief sociological interpretation of the challenges facing Spanish society as a consequence of the population dynamics studied. Full article

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19 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Mindfulness Mediated by Virtual Reality Help People with Functional Diversity?

by Paula Puente-Torre, Vanesa Delgado-Benito, Sonia Rodríguez-Cano and María Lozano-Álvarez

Societies 2025, 15(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020045 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 656

Abstract

The integration of virtual reality with mindfulness practice is an effective tool for reducing anxiety levels because it promotes a comprehensive improvement of the educational process and the emotional well-being of students. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of [...] Read more.

The integration of virtual reality with mindfulness practice is an effective tool for reducing anxiety levels because it promotes a comprehensive improvement of the educational process and the emotional well-being of students. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of a mindfulness programme carried out using Virtual Reality with people with functional diversity who are studying Adapted Vocational Training in a secondary school. The intervention was carried out for three months, with the aim of improving their attentional and self-regulation skills. This innovative approach allowed students to experience immersive environments that facilitate mindfulness practice, significantly improving their concentration and reducing anxiety levels. Students who participated in this case study and used this technology experienced an increase in their ability to concentrate on tasks, as well as a marked improvement in their emotional well-being. Descriptive analyses and guided interviews were conducted with both students and teachers involved in the teaching–learning process. The results showed the potential of Virtual Reality-mediated mindfulness programmes as an inclusive and powerful strategy to support learning and personal development in adapted vocational training environments. The study highlights its innovation in personalising learning, reducing anxiety, and improving attentional skills through Virtual Reality. It contributes by providing empirical evidence that supports the development of educational programmes and promotes mental health in the educational context. Full article

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14 pages, 246 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Involuntary Celibacy (Incel) Identity: A Thematic Analysis of an Online Community’s Beliefs and Emotional Experiences

by Marco De Vettor, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Alice Barsanti, Giacomo Ciocca, Alessandro Gennaro, Renan Goksal, Vittorio Lingiardi, Guido Giovanardi and Tommaso Boldrini

Societies 2025, 15(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020044 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 4088

Abstract

The term incel is a neologism combining “involuntary” and “celibate”, describing men who experience involuntary absence from sexual and romantic relationships. Incels frequently espouse conspiratorial and misogynistic ideologies, often engaging in verbal aggression. The present study aimed at qualitatively exploring the emotional experiences [...] Read more.

The term incel is a neologism combining “involuntary” and “celibate”, describing men who experience involuntary absence from sexual and romantic relationships. Incels frequently espouse conspiratorial and misogynistic ideologies, often engaging in verbal aggression. The present study aimed at qualitatively exploring the emotional experiences and beliefs articulated within an online incel community, contributing to the formation of its collective identity. A thread (453 comments) sampled from an Italian “incel” forum was analyzed by two independent raters, using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: (a) “non-persons (i.e., women) are not like us” revealed perceived gender inequality and misogynistic beliefs, (b) “without experiences in adolescence you are ruined” reflected the belief that early romantic and sexual experiences are crucial for later relationship satisfaction, (c) “I have no life” captured expressions of profound distress and life dissatisfaction, and (d) “only ours is true suffering” highlighted a sense of unique victimhood. Incel group identity was shaped by gender role stress, primarily stemming from the perceived failure to meet socially constructed expectations of hegemonic masculinity. Suffering emerged as the dominant emotional experience, seemingly exacerbated by feelings of hopelessness regarding romantic and sexual prospects. The perceived subordinate status of men and male suffering were exploited to rationalize and perpetuate misogyny. The observed incels’ openness in discussing experiences of suffering and trauma may present an opportunity for the development of preventive interventions aimed at increasing help-seeking behavior in this population. Full article

13 pages, 194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM/C) in Garissa and Isiolo, Kenya: Impacts on Education and Livelihoods in the Context of Cultural Norms and Food Insecurity

by Ottis Mubaiwa and Donah Chilo

Societies 2025, 15(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020043 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 776

Abstract

This article explores the complex challenges of combating Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in the counties of Garissa and Isiolo (Kenya) amidst environmental stressors, particularly drought and food insecurity. FGM persists as a deeply entrenched form of violence against women and girls (VAWG), profoundly [...] Read more.

This article explores the complex challenges of combating Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in the counties of Garissa and Isiolo (Kenya) amidst environmental stressors, particularly drought and food insecurity. FGM persists as a deeply entrenched form of violence against women and girls (VAWG), profoundly rooted in social and traditional beliefs. This practice is often justified by cultural norms but leads to severe physical, psychological, and social harm, perpetuating cycles of gender inequality. Framing FGM as VAWG prioritises its recognition as a violation of human rights and underscores the need for comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and rights-based interventions. In addition, this study investigates how these challenges intersect and complicate efforts to address FGM, focusing on two counties in Kenya known for their adherence to this practice. The research methodology employs a longitudinal panel study design, drawing on in-depth narrative interviews with community narrators. A follow-up data collection was planned after six months to monitor changes over time. Furthermore, this research examines the impact of environmental stressors, such as drought and food insecurity, on educational access, resource availability, and community responses to interventions aimed at eradicating FGM. Findings reveal a complex interplay between cultural norms, economic hardships, and the perpetuation of FGM. Drought and food insecurity exacerbate vulnerabilities within communities, diverting attention and resources away from efforts to challenge ingrained practices like FGM. The article underscores the need for holistic approaches that integrate anti-FGM initiatives into broader resilience-building strategies. It emphasises community engagement, culturally sensitive education, and economic empowerment as pivotal elements in addressing FGM within the context of environmental stressors. Recommendations include mobile education units, community-based empowerment programs, and partnerships with local leaders to foster sustainable change. This case study contributes valuable insights into the challenges of combatting FGM in the face of environmental stressors, shedding light on the intricacies that hinder progress. It advocates for a comprehensive, context-specific approach that recognises and navigates the intersecting challenges posed by cultural norms and environmental crises in the fight against FGM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Class: Exploring the Intersections of Power and Inequality)

15 pages, 267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral History Theater for Young People: Old Wives’ Tales?

by Jack Shu

Societies 2025, 15(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020042 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 391

Abstract

This paper presents findings from an oral history theater project, developed by older individuals, aimed at primary and secondary school students. A professional theater company in Hong Kong has completed a three-year initiative that recruited retired older adults as creative participants. The research [...] Read more.

This paper presents findings from an oral history theater project, developed by older individuals, aimed at primary and secondary school students. A professional theater company in Hong Kong has completed a three-year initiative that recruited retired older adults as creative participants. The research employed a mixed-methods approach; usage audience questionnaires completed by students and qualitative analysis to examine how the performances facilitated and empowered both students and older participants through interviews and field observations. Utilizing data and document triangulation as the primary analysis method in this mixed-methods research, the project revealed that younger students responded very positively to the performances by older adults. In addition to empowering both students and elders, the author discusses how the performances contributed to the education of young people in two key areas: moral development and history education. Both aspects suggest an enhancement of intergenerational relationships and the mental well-being of both younger and older individuals. Full article

23 pages, 2977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Voter and the Propagandistic Content on Facebook: Analysis of the Content and Perception of the Ecuadorian Voter

by Gandhy Godoy-Guevara, Andrea Basantes-Andrade, Miguel Naranjo-Toro and David Ortiz-Dávila

Societies 2025, 15(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020041 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1343

Abstract

This research seeks to elucidate the influence of Facebook advertising content on voting decisions and public perceptions of candidates during the 2023 Imbabura elections, exploring both how citizens perceive such content and how it affects their voting behavior. A case study approach was [...] Read more.

This research seeks to elucidate the influence of Facebook advertising content on voting decisions and public perceptions of candidates during the 2023 Imbabura elections, exploring both how citizens perceive such content and how it affects their voting behavior. A case study approach was employed, integrating content analysis through Atlas.ti and the application of factor analysis to survey interpretation. The findings revealed that specific content, such as memes, exerts a notable influence on the younger electorate. This influence is reinforced by communication strategies that emphasize the frequency and repetition of this content, although no direct correlation with key demographic variables was found. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that a communication strategy devoid of value content reduces social networks to mere information channels, akin to open television. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the necessity of digital communication strategies that prioritize the creation of valuable content for audiences, with the aim of fostering a more discerning and engaged electorate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Democracy, Social Networks and Mediatization)

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41 pages, 2893 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Democratic Processes and Citizen Participation

by George Asimakopoulos, Hera Antonopoulou, Konstantinos Giotopoulos and Constantinos Halkiopoulos

Societies 2025, 15(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020040 - 18 Feb 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5354

Abstract

Background: This systematic review will address the influence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on democratic processes and citizens’ participation, which is enabled by such tools as social media, e-voting systems, e-government initiatives, and e-participation platforms. Methods: Based on an in-depth analysis of [...] Read more.

Background: This systematic review will address the influence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on democratic processes and citizens’ participation, which is enabled by such tools as social media, e-voting systems, e-government initiatives, and e-participation platforms. Methods: Based on an in-depth analysis of 46 peer-reviewed articles published between 1999 and 2024, this review emphasizes how ICTs have improved democratic engagement quality, efficiency, and transparency, but highlights key challenges and research gaps. Results: From this angle, ICT tools have great potential to nurture civic engagement and good governance through transparency. Challenges persist with the ethical and social implications of surveillance technologies, security concerns about digital voting systems, and the widening digital divide disproportionately affecting marginalized populations. The current regulatory framework dealing with privacy and misinformation issues is relatively weak, and there is also a lack of understanding about ICTs’ long-term effects on democratic governance. Conclusions: This review underlines the duality of the roles played by ICT as both an enabler and a challenge to democratic processes. It calls for regulatory measures to protect privacy, fight disinformation, and reduce the digital divide. Future research in this area should focus on the long-term effects of ICTs and how they can be equitably and efficiently integrated into democratic systems, with strategies aimed at maximizing benefits while minimizing risks. Full article

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15 pages, 587 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tax Compliance and Conditional Cooperation: A Study Based on the Dense Social Trust of Young People

by Gloria Alarcón-García, José Manuel Mayor Balsas and Edgardo Arturo Ayala Gaytán

Societies 2025, 15(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020039 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 919

Abstract

Most research exploring the effect of trust on tax compliance focuses on institutional trust or diluted trust. In contrast, the role of dense social trust has been scarcely investigated, even less through rigorous empirical contrasts that determine the potential causal relationship between this [...] Read more.

Most research exploring the effect of trust on tax compliance focuses on institutional trust or diluted trust. In contrast, the role of dense social trust has been scarcely investigated, even less through rigorous empirical contrasts that determine the potential causal relationship between this type of trust and tax compliance. This paper contributes to this line of research, providing empirical evidence in this regard. Based on a sample of 2059 young university students, and using a structural equation model, we conclude that the behaviors and attitudes towards tax fraud and the economy that occur in the family potentially influence young people’s fiscal awareness. Full article

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9 pages, 541 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Young People’s Constructions of Identities: Global Perspectives

by Alistair Ross

Societies 2025, 15(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020038 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 815

Abstract

Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Young People’s Constructions of Identities: Global Perspectives)

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24 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptions of Barriers to Inclusion in Students with Disabilities in Higher Education Institutions

by Sandra-Milena Carrillo-Sierra, María Pinzón-Ochoa, Angélica-Nohemy Rangel-Pico, Olga María Paris-Pineda, María Fernanda Gómez Vásquez, William Armando Álvarez Anaya and Diego Rivera-Porras

Societies 2025, 15(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020037 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1711

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of students with disabilities regarding the barriers to inclusion in higher education institutions in northeastern Colombia. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 28 students with disabilities, focusing on socio-demographic [...] Read more.

This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of students with disabilities regarding the barriers to inclusion in higher education institutions in northeastern Colombia. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 28 students with disabilities, focusing on socio-demographic data and their personal university experiences. The findings revealed that physical and visual impairments were the most common (34.6% each) and the primary barriers were insufficient pedagogical strategies. An association between the type of disability and perceived support was identified. In conclusion, this study enabled the development of a comprehensive model for university inclusion in the northeastern region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Disabled People/People with Disabilities (Non-Medical Coverage))

19 pages, 283 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Class and Gender Violence: Understanding a Case of Wealthy (Online) Influencers and Misogyny

by Claudia Doiciar and Remus Crețan

Societies 2025, 15(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020036 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 2905

Abstract

Our research examines a unique case of the complex interplay between two wealthy brothers and their actions of gender-based violence. In presenting the case of the Tate brothers, British influencers who settled in Romania, we explore how they gained notoriety through their wealth, [...] Read more.

Our research examines a unique case of the complex interplay between two wealthy brothers and their actions of gender-based violence. In presenting the case of the Tate brothers, British influencers who settled in Romania, we explore how they gained notoriety through their wealth, their online presence, and controversial ideas that promote misogyny. In a survey involving 56 young and young–mature participants, we highlighted perceptions of the Tate brothers alongside attitudes toward wealth, gender roles and norms, and misogyny. Our findings indicate a predominantly negative sentiment towards the Tate brothers, particularly regarding their wealthy class position and how their class power is unfolded through misogyny in their online presence. This study underscores the urgent need for national and international authorities and NGOs to improve the surveillance of misogynistic men’s discourses and practices to combat violence against women. Additionally, it highlights the importance of increasing awareness about the detrimental consequences of gender inequality created through the triadic nexus of class privilege, masculinity, and misogyny. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Class: Exploring the Intersections of Power and Inequality)

27 pages, 303 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

A Resilience–Innovation–Education Model as a Key for Survival and Success: A Comparative Israeli Case Study

by Eyal Lewin, Shlomo Abramovich and Sarah Lerach Zilberberg

Societies 2025, 15(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020035 - 13 Feb 2025

Viewed by 826

Abstract

Start-up and high-tech companies in Israel are recognized as crucial drivers of the nation’s economy and are often viewed as national emblems. Israel ranks third globally in the number of university graduates per capita and boasts the highest concentration of scientists per capita. [...] Read more.

Start-up and high-tech companies in Israel are recognized as crucial drivers of the nation’s economy and are often viewed as national emblems. Israel ranks third globally in the number of university graduates per capita and boasts the highest concentration of scientists per capita. This technological progress appears paradoxical, considering Israel’s enduring status as a conflict zone since its establishment, along with the significant influx of immigrants that has strained its resources. This study seeks to explore how Israel has attained such remarkable prosperity and success. To address this inquiry, our research design employs a comparative case study methodology grounded in a qualitative framework that utilizes discourse analysis. One case study focuses on Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai (RIBAZ), drawing on historical accounts, while the second case study investigates Stef Wertheimer through autobiographical research. The qualitative nature of this study poses challenges in establishing causality. While it offers valuable insights, the unique context of the two historical case studies complicates replication and may hinder validation. Our findings suggest that both figures exemplified RIBAZ’s ethos, which integrates three key behavioral and cognitive factors: resilience, innovation, and education. These three factors, originating in a specific historical context, may serve as critical determinants in explaining the modern success of Israel. Full article

19 pages, 638 KiB

Open AccessReview

Empowering African American Tourism Entrepreneurs with Generative AI: Bridging Innovation and Cultural Heritage

by Babu George and Anupama Peter Mattathil

Societies 2025, 15(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020034 - 12 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1148

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) present opportunities and challenges for African American tourism entrepreneurs. This paper conceptually explores how tools like language models, image generators, and creative assistants can be used for content creation, personalized marketing, and deeper customer connections. Drawing on relevant innovation- [...] Read more.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) present opportunities and challenges for African American tourism entrepreneurs. This paper conceptually explores how tools like language models, image generators, and creative assistants can be used for content creation, personalized marketing, and deeper customer connections. Drawing on relevant innovation- and resource-related theories, this paper examines factors influencing the adoption of generative AI among African American tourism entrepreneurs. The analysis highlights the potential to address tourism-specific needs like virtual tours, multilingual content, and conversational AI assistants. The paper recognizes challenges faced by African American entrepreneurs, including the digital divide, and suggests solutions such as partnerships and training programs aimed at responsible AI adoption. This work aims to provide a foundation for understanding how generative AI can drive innovation and cultural preservation within the African American tourism sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Urban Culture and Local Development)

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19 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Qualitative Inquiry into Work-Related Distressing Experiences in Primary School Principals

by Maria Karanikola, Katerina Georganta, Katerina Kaikoushi, Virginia Sunday Koutroubas and Despoina Kalafati

Societies 2025, 15(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020033 - 10 Feb 2025

Viewed by 606

Abstract

Background: Excessive work-related demands and inadequate support systems are important risks for employees’ health status and quality of life. Although an abundance of data exists about leadership and the occupational health of various vocational groups, there are relatively few studies on leaders’ well-being [...] Read more.

Background: Excessive work-related demands and inadequate support systems are important risks for employees’ health status and quality of life. Although an abundance of data exists about leadership and the occupational health of various vocational groups, there are relatively few studies on leaders’ well-being and related psychosocial hazards in educational organizations, such as primary schools. Methods: Work-related distressing experiences in primary school principals focusing on associated factors and the impact of these experiences on them were investigated. A qualitative methodology with a census and purposeful sampling was applied, utilizing the inductive content analysis approach. Overall, 20 males and 6 females participated, all employed in a rural region of Greece. Following informed consent, data collection was achieved through three focus groups with repetitive interviews. Results: The absence of a robust and well-defined legal framework to govern the authority, duties, and responsibilities of principals, evident in the lack of legally established procedures and protocols, was identified as the root cause of the participants’ distressing experiences. Three distressing phenomena were identified: (a) Challenging interpersonal relations due to lack of a regulatory system regarding school functioning; (b) Current educational policy and legal framework, characterized by too many responsibilities and no adequate power; (c) Irrelevant topics and time frame for continuing education projects toward principals. Conclusions: The study findings highlight the critical challenges faced by primary school principals due to the absence of a clear legal framework and the instability of educational policies. The findings suggest that policy reforms are needed to provide principals with greater clarity in their roles and responsibilities. Additionally, addressing the constant changes in educational policy could help create a more stable and manageable school environment. A participatory action research project, including stakeholders from primary school leaders, managers, pupils, and parents, is proposed, focused on the development of a comprehensive plan to overcome the challenges of the current context, also aiming to enhance empathy in all parties. Full article

19 pages, 2180 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bridging Theory and Practice: Challenges and Opportunities in Dual Training for Sustainability Education at Spanish Universities

by Susana Quirós-Alpera, Aloysius O. S. B. Roets, Rafael Robina-Ramírez and Ana Leal-Solís

Societies 2025, 15(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020032 - 8 Feb 2025

Viewed by 786

Abstract

This study investigates the implementation of dual training at the University of Extremadura (2023–2024), aiming to bridge theoretical academic knowledge with practical industry insights. This research utilizes SmartPLS 4.1.0.9 SEM-PLS software to explore the relationship between corporate engagement, academic outcomes, and sustainability challenges, [...] Read more.

This study investigates the implementation of dual training at the University of Extremadura (2023–2024), aiming to bridge theoretical academic knowledge with practical industry insights. This research utilizes SmartPLS 4.1.0.9 SEM-PLS software to explore the relationship between corporate engagement, academic outcomes, and sustainability challenges, validating hypotheses and refining dual training models in sustainability education. Key variables include Information Collection (IG), Sustainable Business Challenges (SCh), and Knowledge Developed by Business Strategies (KBS). The findings reveal that while the dual training model successfully integrates academic curricula with corporate engagement, it struggles to connect business strategies with actionable recommendations and has limited impact on improving teaching methods. This study identifies structural and practical barriers in the Spanish education system that hinder the full realization of dual training’s potential. To address these challenges, this research recommends incorporating continuous feedback mechanisms throughout the learning process and enhancing mentorship opportunities. Continuous feedback would allow students to refine their conclusions, leading to more practical and sustainable solutions. Additionally, the use of authentic case studies and greater industry involvement would help students bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world applications, enabling them to generate actionable recommendations and better understand sustainability challenges and business strategies. These recommendations aim to improve student learning outcomes and strengthen the integration of academic and corporate practices, fostering more effective sustainability education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embodiment and Engagement of Tourism with Social Sustainability)

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19 pages, 1997 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Communication with Disabled Fans at Sports Events: Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities

by Martin Koželj, Iztok Podbregar, Maja Meško and Irena Nančovska Šerbec

Societies 2025, 15(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020031 - 6 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1613

Abstract

This study investigates how effectively European football clubs communicate and implement accessibility features for disabled fans, aiming to develop a comprehensive framework for evaluating these practices. Using a multi-phase research design, the study analyzes disability support systems through semi-structured interviews with representatives from [...] Read more.

This study investigates how effectively European football clubs communicate and implement accessibility features for disabled fans, aiming to develop a comprehensive framework for evaluating these practices. Using a multi-phase research design, the study analyzes disability support systems through semi-structured interviews with representatives from eleven European football clubs and a systematic analysis of club documentation. The methodology combined traditional qualitative analysis with large language model (LLM)-assisted content analysis, enabling robust identification of thematic patterns and performance indicators. Our findings reveal significant disparities in disability support practices, with larger clubs demonstrating structured approaches through dedicated Disability Access Officers (DAOs) and comprehensive communication strategies. Analysis identified three distinct performance tiers: Elite Performers, primarily well-resourced clubs with advanced systems; Solid Performers, mid-tier clubs with established frameworks; and Developing Systems, smaller organizations with emerging support structures. We present a validated Fan Communication Model incorporating key weighted criteria, including infrastructure, dedicated personnel, engagement, specific adaptations, ticketing, challenge management, and feedback systems. This model provides a standardized framework for evaluating disability support communication in football organizations. The research demonstrates the importance of integrating technological solutions with human-centered approaches while maintaining universal design principles. Our findings contribute to the sports accessibility literature and provide evidence-based recommendations for football organizations seeking to enhance their communication with disabled fans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Spatial Perspective of Sport Sociology)

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47 pages, 5289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Global Patterns of Parental Concerns About Children’s Education: Insights from WVS Data

by Daniel Homocianu

Societies 2025, 15(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020030 - 5 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1285

Abstract

Parental concerns about the education of children usually reflect deep-seated anxieties. This study identifies the most influential factors shaping these global concerns based on World Values Survey (WVS) data spanning several decades. Using advanced techniques, including feature selection (Adaptive and Gradient Boosting, Pairwise [...] Read more.

Parental concerns about the education of children usually reflect deep-seated anxieties. This study identifies the most influential factors shaping these global concerns based on World Values Survey (WVS) data spanning several decades. Using advanced techniques, including feature selection (Adaptive and Gradient Boosting, Pairwise Correlations, LASSO, Bayesian Model Averaging), mixed-effects modeling, cross-validation procedures, different regressions and overfitting, collinearity, and reverse causality checks together with two-way graphical representations, this study identified three enduring predictors: fear of job loss, fear of war, and respondent age. These findings mainly underline the role of socio-economic and geopolitical stability and security and, in addition, that of generational perspectives in shaping global parental priorities. All three predictors were consistent across seven dataset versions, various subsets considering random (ten-folds) or non-random criteria (different values for socio-demographic variables in mixed-effects models), and distinct feature selection approaches. Secondary influences, including opinions regarding the priority of work in life, other fears, and socio-demographic variables (e.g., gender, number of children, marital and professional status, income, education level, community size, etc.) provided more nuances to this study and additional explanatory power. The findings have implications for designing socio-economically sensitive educational policies that address parental priorities and anxieties in diverse global contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Social Research in Economics, Environment, Education, and Philosophy)

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19 pages, 12857 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Data Are Power: Addressing the Power Imbalance Around Community Data with the Open-Access Data4HumanRights Curriculum

by Monika Kuffer, Dana R. Thomson, Dianne Wakonyo, Nicera Wanjiru Kimani, Divyani Kohli-Poll Jonker, Enyo Okoko, Rasak Toheeb, Bisola Akinmuyiwa, Mohammed Zanna, Dezyno Imole and Andrew Maki

Societies 2025, 15(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020029 - 3 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1822

Abstract

Data4HumanRights’ training materials have been developed as open-source and tailored to limited-resource settings, where community data collectors often live and work. Access to training on data collection, analysis, and visualisation to support the advocacy of vulnerable groups is essential, particularly in the context [...] Read more.

Data4HumanRights’ training materials have been developed as open-source and tailored to limited-resource settings, where community data collectors often live and work. Access to training on data collection, analysis, and visualisation to support the advocacy of vulnerable groups is essential, particularly in the context of increasing human rights challenges such as land rights, adequate housing, conflicts, and climate justice. This paper provides an overview of how the training materials were co-developed with community data collectors in Nigeria and Kenya, offering insights into the fundamental principles (i.e., inclusiveness, adaptive, limited resources, and being gender- and incentive-sensitive) and the structure of the open-access training materials. The development process resulted in 28 modules, each designed to be delivered in a face-to-face format in less than one day by a local trainer. To maximize adaptivity, the training modules can be mixed and matched (e.g., as individual modules or a learning path of several modules around a specific training need). The individual modules cover a range of methods and tools that are useful to human rights work and community advocacy, e.g., documenting evictions, performing rapid needs assessments after acute crises, community profiling, and monitoring community development indicators. The training materials contain instructions for the training facilitator(s) and all necessary training materials. To ensure inclusivity, the training covers both basic and advanced topics, with most modules designed to address basic needs that can be followed using a mobile phone, thereby avoiding the need for computers or printed handouts. The training results in Nigeria and Kenya showcase applications, including mapping waste problems and addressing forced evictions. Trained community groups produced maps of waste piles to prioritize community actions, such as finding space for urban agriculture, and conducted rapid needs assessments during a massive eviction. This approach helps reduce power imbalances and empowers community groups to effectively manage and utilise their own data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vulnerable Groups Protection and Rights for Advocacy: From the Perspectives of Community-Based Policy Making and Initiatives)

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14 pages, 1966 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends and Gender Dynamics in Professional Certification Growth in Saudi Arabia

by Turkiah Alotaibi, Norah Almusharraf, Muhammad Imran and Kelum A. A. Gamage

Societies 2025, 15(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020028 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1145

Abstract

This study explores the trends and gender dynamics in professional certification growth in Saudi Arabia, a key driver of workforce development and economic transformation. While professional certifications are increasingly valued across various industries, there has been limited research exploring demographic trends and disparities [...] Read more.

This study explores the trends and gender dynamics in professional certification growth in Saudi Arabia, a key driver of workforce development and economic transformation. While professional certifications are increasingly valued across various industries, there has been limited research exploring demographic trends and disparities in their attainment. Using publicly available data from the KSA Open Data Platform (n = 990), this study analyzes certification growth between 2020 and 2022, revealing a steady rise in holders, particularly in advanced certifications like the SOCPA Fellowship. However, despite this growth, the findings highlight a persistent gender gap, with men significantly outnumbering women at all levels, especially in advanced qualifications. These trends raise questions about access and equity, emphasizing the need for targeted initiatives to close the gender gap. While constrained by the representativeness and scope of the available data, this study provides a robust foundation for future research to explore the socio-economic impacts of professional certifications in Saudi Arabia, integrating more comprehensive datasets and qualitative approaches to deepen understanding. Full article

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18 pages, 1401 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Adaptive Strategies in the Link Between Sexual Harassment and Burnout in Higher Education: A Three-Path Mediation Model

by Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih, Hassane Gharbi, Riadh Brini and Tamer M. Abdelghani

Societies 2025, 15(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020027 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 884

Abstract

Like many other sectors, women in higher education have had negative experiences with sexual harassment. This study examines the coping mechanisms used by female lecturer/researchers and their impact on burnout. Based on Occupational Stress Theory, this research specifically analyzes the mediating role of [...] Read more.

Like many other sectors, women in higher education have had negative experiences with sexual harassment. This study examines the coping mechanisms used by female lecturer/researchers and their impact on burnout. Based on Occupational Stress Theory, this research specifically analyzes the mediating role of three coping strategies, i.e., problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping. A quantitative survey was conducted among 800 Tunisian women teacher-researchers, with 613 complete responses that are valid for analysis. The results revealed that under the influence of sexual harassment, women in Tunisian higher education institutions suffer increased burnout. Structural equation analysis shows that emotion-focused coping has a partial mediation effect, while avoidant coping fully mediates the link between harassment and burnout. This research adds to the literature on sexual harassment and suggests implications for the prevention and support of victims in higher education institutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Class: Exploring the Intersections of Power and Inequality)

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14 pages, 790 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Trust in Climate-Skeptical Governments Inhibit Pro-Environmental Action? Implications for Public Participation and Democratic Innovations

by Mirko Duradoni, Franca Paola Severino, Gabriele Neri, Maria Fiorenza, Norma Lindemann, Luisa Puddu and Andrea Guazzini

Societies 2025, 15(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020026 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 827

Abstract

In the scientific literature, being a woman and citizens’ trust are factors that are often linked to a higher frequency of pro-environmental behaviors. However, when a government adopts a skeptical narrative on climate change, describing natural disasters as mere ’tragedies’, extreme weather events [...] Read more.

In the scientific literature, being a woman and citizens’ trust are factors that are often linked to a higher frequency of pro-environmental behaviors. However, when a government adopts a skeptical narrative on climate change, describing natural disasters as mere ’tragedies’, extreme weather events as ’bad weather’, and simplifying climate change to ’unpredictable weather’, does citizens’ trust still serve as a factor that promotes pro-environmental behaviors? This study aimed to conduct a sex-sensitive analysis of the relationship between trust in the current Italian government (i.e., Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni) and pro-environmental behaviors related to conservation, transportation, environmental citizenship, and food consumption in a sample of 501 Italian citizens (65.1% cisgender women). This study reveals that greater trust in a climate-skeptical government is associated with lower implementation of pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) and that this effect is less pronounced among women compared to men. These results highlight the importance of considering citizen’s trust in public participation, particularly in contexts where governmental narratives do not favor pro-environmental policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embedding Public Participation in Planning, Governance and Climate Action: A Cross-Disciplinary Overview)

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17 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sociopsychological Analysis of a Highly Vulnerable Category of Adolescents: Victim-Perpetrators of Cyberbullying from a Wide National Survey of Italian Adolescents

by Antonio Tintori, Giulia Ciancimino and Loredana Cerbara

Societies 2025, 15(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020025 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 987

Abstract

The increase in screen time observed in recent years has exposed adolescents to a heightened risk of involvement in cyberbullying, negatively affecting their relational and psychological well-being. This study analyses data from a 2022 representative survey of Italian adolescents employing an interdisciplinary approach. [...] Read more.

The increase in screen time observed in recent years has exposed adolescents to a heightened risk of involvement in cyberbullying, negatively affecting their relational and psychological well-being. This study analyses data from a 2022 representative survey of Italian adolescents employing an interdisciplinary approach. Through bivariate analyses and logistic regression models, it investigates the key sociodemographic characteristics of perpetrators, victims, and victim-perpetrators, alongside the sociological and psychological factors associated with these roles. The findings reveal that cyberbullying victimisation disproportionately affects girls and foreign adolescents, though it spans across various family backgrounds, age groups, and school types. Of particular concern are those who are both perpetrators and victims (14.2%), as they represent the most vulnerable group. These adolescents, who react to online and offline violence with further online aggression, suffer from poor-quality relationships, adherence to racist stereotypes, tolerance for violence, and scarce psychological well-being, in terms of low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies, highlighting the crucial role of teachers and parents in in addressing and mitigating the impact of cyberbullying. Full article

13 pages, 248 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using the Conference on the Future of Europe to Consider a Multilingual Continental Deliberative Model

by Lionel Cordier

Societies 2025, 15(2), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020024 - 31 Jan 2025

Viewed by 937

Abstract

This article examines the linguistic and political dimensions of deliberation at a transnational level, using the Conference on the Future of Europe (CoFoE) as a case study. The CoFoE, held from 2021 to 2022, involved European citizens deliberating in 24 official languages of [...] Read more.

This article examines the linguistic and political dimensions of deliberation at a transnational level, using the Conference on the Future of Europe (CoFoE) as a case study. The CoFoE, held from 2021 to 2022, involved European citizens deliberating in 24 official languages of the European Union. This multilingual setting provides insights into the challenges and opportunities of fostering a multilingual continental democracy. While the European Parliament’s translation services were largely effective, the study reveals how linguistic diversity can both enhance and impede deliberative processes. By comparing the CoFoE with other multilingual forums such as the European Social Forum and traditional European Parliament deliberations, this paper explores the implications of multilingualism on participatory mechanisms and democratic engagement in the EU. This research employs an ethnographic methodology grounded in non-participant observations conducted during Panel 2 of the Conference on the Future of Europe, focusing on field notes, video recordings, and a live interpretation to document the dynamics of deliberative exchanges. The approach aimed to capture the diversity of interactions in plenary sessions and smaller discussion groups. The findings highlight the complex interplay between language use, political representation, and social inclusion, and suggest that true multilingual deliberation requires more than just technical translation services; it demands a commitment to linguistic equity and the accommodation of diverse voices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embedding Public Participation in Planning, Governance and Climate Action: A Cross-Disciplinary Overview)

16 pages, 587 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

Exploring AI Amid the Hype: A Critical Reflection Around the Applications and Implications of AI in Journalism

by Paschalia (Lia) Spyridou and Maria Ioannou

Societies 2025, 15(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020023 - 28 Jan 2025

Viewed by 3229

Abstract

Over the last decade, AI has increasingly been adopted by newsrooms in the form of different tools aiming to support journalists and augment the capabilities of the profession. The main idea behind the adoption of AI is that it can make journalists’ work [...] Read more.

Over the last decade, AI has increasingly been adopted by newsrooms in the form of different tools aiming to support journalists and augment the capabilities of the profession. The main idea behind the adoption of AI is that it can make journalists’ work more efficient, freeing them up from some repetitive or routine tasks while enhancing their research and storytelling techniques. Against this idea, and drawing on the concept of “hype”, we employ a critical reflection on the lens often used to talk about journalism and AI. We suggest that the severe sustainability crisis of journalism, rooted in growing pressure from platforms and major corporate competitors, changing news consumption habits and rituals and the growing technologization of news media, leads to the obsessive pursuit of technology in the absence of clear and research-informed strategies which cater to journalism’s civic role. As AI is changing and (re)shaping norms and practices associated with news making, many questions and debates are raised pertaining to the quality and plurality of outputs created by AI. Given the disproportionate attention paid to technological innovation with little interpretation, the present article explores how AI is impacting journalism. Additionally, using the political economy framework, we analyze the fundamental issues and challenges journalism is faced with in terms of both practices and professional sustainability. In the process, we untangle the AI hype and attempt to shed light on how AI can help journalism regain its civic role. We argue that despite the advantages AI provides to journalism, we should avoid the “shiny things perspective”, which tends to emphasize productivity and profitability, and rather focus on the constructive synergy of humans and machines to achieve the six or seven things journalism can do for democracy. Otherwise, we are heading toward “alien intelligence” which is agnostic to the core normative values of journalism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)

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22 pages, 1614 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Intersection of AI, Ethics, and Journalism: Greek Journalists’ and Academics’ Perspectives

by Panagiota (Naya) Kalfeli and Christina Angeli

Societies 2025, 15(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020022 - 25 Jan 2025

Viewed by 2629

Abstract

This study aims to explore the perceptions of Greek journalists and academics on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Greek journalism, focusing on its benefits, risks, and potential ethical dilemmas. In particular, it seeks to (i) assess the extent of the use [...] Read more.

This study aims to explore the perceptions of Greek journalists and academics on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Greek journalism, focusing on its benefits, risks, and potential ethical dilemmas. In particular, it seeks to (i) assess the extent of the use of AI tools by Greek journalists; (ii) investigate views on how AI might alter news production, work routines, and labor relations in the field; and (iii) examine perspectives on the ethical challenges of AI in journalism, particularly in regard to AI-generated images in media content. To achieve this, a series of 28 in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted with Greek journalists and academics. A thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes and patterns. Overall, the findings suggest that AI penetration in Greek journalism is in its early stages, with no formal training, strategy, or framework in place within Greek media. Regarding ethical concerns, there is evident skepticism and caution among journalists and academics about issues, such as, data bias, transparency, privacy, and copyright, which are further intensified by the absence of a regulatory framework. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Participatory Environments: Technologies, Ethics, and Literacy Aspects)

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9 pages, 458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of the 1742–1743 Plague Epidemic on Global Excess Deaths and Social Dynamics in the City of Córdoba and Along the Camino Real Between Buenos Aires and Lima

by Jorge Hugo Villafañe

Societies 2025, 15(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020021 - 24 Jan 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 739

Abstract

The 1742–1743 plague epidemic profoundly impacted populations along the Camino Real, the main colonial trade route connecting Buenos Aires and Lima, with Córdoba, Argentina, as a critical focal point. This research examines the multidimensional repercussions of the epidemic, emphasizing its demographic, social, and [...] Read more.

The 1742–1743 plague epidemic profoundly impacted populations along the Camino Real, the main colonial trade route connecting Buenos Aires and Lima, with Córdoba, Argentina, as a critical focal point. This research examines the multidimensional repercussions of the epidemic, emphasizing its demographic, social, and economic consequences. Utilizing parish records as primary sources, this study quantifies the excess mortality, revealing a dramatic increase, with death rates in Córdoba peaking at 12 times the pre-epidemic average in May 1743. Marginalized groups, particularly enslaved and Indigenous populations, were disproportionately affected, which exacerbated existing social inequalities. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical data, this study contributes to understanding epidemic responses in colonial Latin America, illuminating how public health crises intersect with demographic and socio-economic structures. The findings provide insights that are relevant to contemporary public health perspectives on crisis management and resilience, highlighting how historical epidemics offer valuable understanding into the social dynamics of health emergencies. Full article

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5 pages, 162 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial: Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19

by Vsevolod Konstantinov and Andrés Alexis Ramírez Coronel

Societies 2025, 15(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020020 - 23 Jan 2025

Viewed by 800

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2023 has become a worldwide tragedy [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19)

19 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experiences and Meanings of the Existence of a Generation of Women

by Eduardo Duque and José F. Durán Vázquez

Societies 2025, 15(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15020019 - 22 Jan 2025

Viewed by 767

Abstract

This study examines a generation of women born in the 1940s–1950s in the Braga region, northern Portugal. It analyzes their relationships with family, school, work, leisure and consumption, and religion. The sample considers generation, gender, and social class, focusing [...] Read more.

This study examines a generation of women born in the 1940s–1950s in the Braga region, northern Portugal. It analyzes their relationships with family, school, work, leisure and consumption, and religion. The sample considers generation, gender, and social class, focusing on low, medium-low, and medium classes, which predominate in Portuguese society. A qualitative methodology was employed, using Focus Groups and Open Interviews to understand how subjects interpret their life experiences in the analyzed areas and how these experiences’ meanings transform across generations. The initial hypothesis, supported by previous and current research, is that people of the same generation share certain bonds, manifesting in a particular way of being and understanding the world. This distinguishes them from other generations, creating complex intergenerational relationships. These relationships are sometimes oppositional, while other times they result in breaks or separations, and most of the time they transform the experiences and the meaning of the existence of the subjects involved. This reality is what we propose to describe and analyze in the present text, taking as reference the generations of women mentioned above. Full article

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Societies, Volume 15, Issue 2 (February 2025) – 29 articles

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