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Sports, Volume 9, Issue 2

2021 February - 20 articles

Cover Story: Concussion is a complex phenotype, influenced by environmental factors and an individual’s genetic predisposition. This article reviews concussion incidence within elite rugby, addresses the biomechanics and pathophysiology of concussion and how genetic predisposition may influence incidence, severity and outcome. View this paper
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Articles (20)

  • Review
  • Open Access
221 Citations
176,541 Views
25 Pages

22 February 2021

Loading recommendations for resistance training are typically prescribed along what has come to be known as the “repetition continuum”, which proposes that the number of repetitions performed at a given magnitude of load will result in specific adapt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,623 Views
10 Pages

Choose Where You Live Carefully: Built Environment Differences in Children’s Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk

  • Alan M. Nevill,
  • Cézane Priscila Reuter,
  • Caroline Brand,
  • Anelise Reis Gaya,
  • Jorge Mota,
  • Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner and
  • Michael J. Duncan

21 February 2021

Information regarding urban-rural differences in health indicators are scarce in Brazil. This study sought to identify rural-urban differences in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in Brazilian children and adolescents whi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,690 Views
10 Pages

Determining the Optimal Workrate for Cycle Ergometer Verification Phase Testing in Males with Obesity

  • Jenny M. Mahoney,
  • Brett R. Baughman,
  • Ailish C. Sheard and
  • Brandon J. Sawyer

20 February 2021

The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of verification phase (VP) testing and a 3 min all-out test to determine critical power (CP) in males with obesity. Nine young adult males with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg·m−2 completed a cy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,610 Views
13 Pages

Low-Dose Ammonium Preconditioning Enhances Endurance in Submaximal Physical Exercises

  • Igor Mindukshev,
  • Julia Sudnitsyna,
  • Nikolay V. Goncharov,
  • Elisaveta Skverchinskaya,
  • Irina Dobrylko,
  • Elena Nikitina,
  • Alexandr I. Krivchenko and
  • Stepan Gambaryan

16 February 2021

Preconditioning is often used in medicine to protect organs from ischemic damage and in athletes to enhance the performances. We tested whether low-dose ammonium preconditioning (AMP) could have a beneficial effect on physical exercises (PE). We used...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
11,237 Views
17 Pages

Strength and Conditioning Practices and Perspectives of Volleyball Coaches and Players

  • Anthony Weldon,
  • Jason T. S. Mak,
  • Sing T. Wong,
  • Michael J. Duncan,
  • Neil D. Clarke and
  • Chris Bishop

13 February 2021

To the authors’ knowledge this is the first study to describe the strength and conditioning (S&C) practices and perspectives of volleyball coaches and players. In total, 30 volleyball coaches (mean age 34.47 ± 7.83 years and coaching experience 1...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,504 Views
6 Pages

Bidirectional Associations between Physical Activity and Sleep in Early-Elementary-Age Latino Children with Obesity

  • Justin J. Merrigan,
  • Kristina M. Volgenau,
  • Allison McKay,
  • Robyn Mehlenbeck,
  • Margaret T. Jones and
  • Sina Gallo

11 February 2021

Low-income Latino children are at high risk for obesity and associated comorbidities. Considering the health benefits of proper sleep habits and physical activity, understanding the patterns, or the relationship between these modifiable factors may h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
9,876 Views
9 Pages

Footwear Affects Conventional and Sumo Deadlift Performance

  • Kevin A. Valenzuela,
  • Kellie A. Walters,
  • Elizabeth L. Avila,
  • Alexis S. Camacho,
  • Fany Alvarado and
  • Hunter J. Bennett

11 February 2021

Barefoot weightlifting has become a popular training modality in recent years due to anecdotal suggestions of improved performance. However, research to support these anecdotal claims is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
6,726 Views
10 Pages

Doping Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices among Young, Amateur Croatian Athletes

  • Ivan Miskulin,
  • Danijela Stimac Grbic and
  • Maja Miskulin

9 February 2021

Recent studies revealed that amateur athletes, especially young ones, have an increasing tendency of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) usage. The aim of this study was to explore PEDs attitudes, beliefs, and practices among young, amateur Croatian a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,596 Views
11 Pages

Altered Drop Jump Landing Biomechanics Following Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

  • Themistoklis Tsatalas,
  • Evangeli Karampina,
  • Minas A. Mina,
  • Dimitrios A. Patikas,
  • Vasiliki C. Laschou,
  • Aggelos Pappas,
  • Athanasios Z. Jamurtas,
  • Yiannis Koutedakis and
  • Giannis Giakas

5 February 2021

Limited research exists in the literature regarding the biomechanics of the jump-landing sequence in individuals that experience symptoms of muscle damage. The present study investigated the effects of knee localized muscle damage on sagittal plane l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,649 Views
12 Pages

Association of Genetic Variances in ADRB1 and PPARGC1a with Two-Kilometre Running Time-Trial Performance in Australian Football League Players: A Preliminary Study

  • Ysabel Jacob,
  • Ryan S. Anderton,
  • Jodie L. Cochrane Wilkie,
  • Brent Rogalski,
  • Simon M. Laws,
  • Anthony Jones,
  • Tania Spiteri and
  • Nicolas H. Hart

29 January 2021

Genetic variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (rs4343), alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) (rs1815739), adrenoceptor-beta-1 (ADRB1) (rs1801253), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) (rs8192678) genes...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
7,174 Views
21 Pages

Chronic and Gradual-Onset Injuries and Conditions in the Sport of Surfing: A Systematic Review

  • Samuel Hanchard,
  • Ashley Duncan,
  • James Furness,
  • Vini Simas,
  • Mike Climstein and
  • Kevin Kemp-Smith

29 January 2021

The majority of the previous literature investigating injuries in surfing have focused on acute or traumatic injuries. This systematic review appears to be the first to investigate the literature reporting on chronic and gradual-onset injuries and co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,605 Views
10 Pages

25 January 2021

Limited research has examined the demands of backward locomotion at various speeds using common load monitoring metrics in team sport athletes. Consequently, this study compared the external and internal loads between backward and forward locomotion...

  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
9,066 Views
19 Pages

Genetic Factors That Could Affect Concussion Risk in Elite Rugby

  • Mark R. Antrobus,
  • Jon Brazier,
  • Georgina K. Stebbings,
  • Stephen H. Day,
  • Shane M. Heffernan,
  • Liam P. Kilduff,
  • Robert M. Erskine and
  • Alun G. Williams

22 January 2021

Elite rugby league and union have some of the highest reported rates of concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) in professional sport due in part to their full-contact high-velocity collision-based nature. Currently, concussions are the most commonl...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,332 Views
14 Pages

Applications of the Critical Power Model to Dynamic Constant External Resistance Exercise: A Brief Review of the Critical Load Test

  • Haley C. Bergstrom,
  • Taylor K. Dinyer,
  • Pasquale J. Succi,
  • Caleb C. Voskuil and
  • Terry J. Housh

21 January 2021

The study and application of the critical power (CP) concept has spanned many decades. The CP test provides estimates of two distinct parameters, CP and W′, that describe aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacities, respectively. Various mathema...

  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
13,461 Views
22 Pages

Impact of Different Exercise Modalities on the Human Gut Microbiome

  • Dierdra Bycura,
  • Anthony C. Santos,
  • Arron Shiffer,
  • Shari Kyman,
  • Kyle Winfree,
  • Jay Sutliffe,
  • Talima Pearson,
  • Derek Sonderegger,
  • Emily Cope and
  • J. Gregory Caporaso

21 January 2021

In this study we examined changes to the human gut microbiome resulting from an eight-week intervention of either cardiorespiratory exercise (CRE) or resistance training exercise (RTE). Twenty-eight subjects (21 F; aged 18–26) were recruited for our...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,848 Views
12 Pages

21 January 2021

Performing isometric strength training (IST) can enhance various sports performance. This study compared the effects of including IST on sprint kayaking performance as compared to traditional strength training. Twenty sprint kayaking athletes (age 22...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,454 Views
12 Pages

Nutritional Practice and Nitrogen Balance in Elite Japanese Swimmers during a Training Camp

  • Ami Mizugaki,
  • Hiroyuki Kato,
  • Haruka Suzuki,
  • Hidefumi Kurihara and
  • Futoshi Ogita

21 January 2021

The protein requirement in athletes increases as a result of exercise-induced changes in protein metabolism. In addition, the frequency, quantity, and quality (i.e., leucine content) of the protein intake modulates the protein metabolism. Thus, this...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
7,154 Views
17 Pages

21 January 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the exercise intensity during the swimming, cycling, and running legs of nondraft legal, Olympic-distance triathlons in well-trained, age-group triathletes. Seventeen male triathletes completed incremental swimmin...

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Sports - ISSN 2075-4663