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Review

Genicular Artery Embolization: A New Tool for the Management of Refractory Osteoarthritis-Related Knee Pain

by
Marco Femia
1,*,
Carlo Valenti Pittino
1,
Enrico Maria Fumarola
1,
Marco Tramarin
1,
Maurizio Papa
2,
Francesco Giurazza
3,
Antonio Pio Francioso
2,
Davide Fior
4,
Lorenzo Paolo Moramarco
4,
Guido Antonini
5,
Ruggero Vercelli
1 and
Maurizio Cariati
1
1
Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, 20122 Milan, Italy
2
Complex Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic, ASST Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy
3
Interventional Radiology Department, AORN “A. Cardarelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
4
Department of Radiology, Sant’Anna Hospital, ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy
5
Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, 20122 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(7), 686; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070686
Submission received: 1 May 2024 / Revised: 25 May 2024 / Accepted: 9 June 2024 / Published: 26 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventional Radiology: Towards Personalized Medicine)
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Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a prevalent cause of chronic pain and disability, particularly affecting women. While traditionally attributed to chronic wear and tear, recent evidence highlights multifactorial pathogenesis involving low-grade inflammation and neoangiogenesis. Current therapeutic options include physical therapy, pharmacotherapy, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, a subset of patients remain symptomatic despite conservative measures, necessitating the development of minimally invasive interventions. Genicular artery embolization (GAE) emerges as a promising option, targeting neovascularization and inflammatory processes in OA. This paper reviews the pathophysiological basis, patient selection criteria, procedural details, and outcomes of GAE. Notably, GAE demonstrates efficacy in relieving knee pain and improving function in patients refractory to conventional therapy. While further research is warranted to elucidate its long-term outcomes and compare it with existing modalities, GAE represents a novel approach in the management of symptomatic knee OA, potentially delaying or obviating the need for surgical intervention. Here, we synthesize the relevant literature, technical details of the procedure, and future perspectives. Moreover, the success of GAE prompts the exploration of transarterial embolization in other musculoskeletal conditions, underscoring the evolving role of interventional radiology in personalized pain management strategies.
Keywords: genicular artery embolization; GAE; knee osteoarthritis; knee pain genicular artery embolization; GAE; knee osteoarthritis; knee pain

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MDPI and ACS Style

Femia, M.; Valenti Pittino, C.; Fumarola, E.M.; Tramarin, M.; Papa, M.; Giurazza, F.; Francioso, A.P.; Fior, D.; Moramarco, L.P.; Antonini, G.; et al. Genicular Artery Embolization: A New Tool for the Management of Refractory Osteoarthritis-Related Knee Pain. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070686

AMA Style

Femia M, Valenti Pittino C, Fumarola EM, Tramarin M, Papa M, Giurazza F, Francioso AP, Fior D, Moramarco LP, Antonini G, et al. Genicular Artery Embolization: A New Tool for the Management of Refractory Osteoarthritis-Related Knee Pain. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(7):686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070686

Chicago/Turabian Style

Femia, Marco, Carlo Valenti Pittino, Enrico Maria Fumarola, Marco Tramarin, Maurizio Papa, Francesco Giurazza, Antonio Pio Francioso, Davide Fior, Lorenzo Paolo Moramarco, Guido Antonini, and et al. 2024. "Genicular Artery Embolization: A New Tool for the Management of Refractory Osteoarthritis-Related Knee Pain" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 7: 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070686

APA Style

Femia, M., Valenti Pittino, C., Fumarola, E. M., Tramarin, M., Papa, M., Giurazza, F., Francioso, A. P., Fior, D., Moramarco, L. P., Antonini, G., Vercelli, R., & Cariati, M. (2024). Genicular Artery Embolization: A New Tool for the Management of Refractory Osteoarthritis-Related Knee Pain. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(7), 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070686

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