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Volume 12
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10.3390/life12020244
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Article

In Patients with Severe COVID-19, the Profound Decrease in the Peripheral Blood T-Cell Subsets Is Correlated with an Increase of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Indeterminate Rates and Reflecting a Reduced Interferon-Gamma Production

by
Alessandra Imeneo
1,†,
Grazia Alessio
1,†,
Andrea Di Lorenzo
1,
Laura Campogiani
2,
Alessandra Lodi
1,
Filippo Barreca
1,
Marta Zordan
1,
Virginia Barchi
1,
Barbara Massa
1,
Simona Tedde
1,
Angela Crea
1,
Pietro Vitale
2,
Ilaria Spalliera
2,
Mirko Compagno
2,
Luigi Coppola
2,
Luca Dori
2,
Vincenzo Malagnino
1,2,
Elisabetta Teti
2,
Massimo Andreoni
1,2,
Loredana Sarmati
1,2,† and
Marco Iannetta
1,2,*,†add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
2
Infectious Disease Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Life 2022, 12(2), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020244
Submission received: 22 December 2021 / Revised: 3 February 2022 / Accepted: 5 February 2022 / Published: 7 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Immunology of Infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

Increased rates of indeterminate QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Assay (QFT-Plus) were demonstrated in patients hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. We aimed to define the prevalence and characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with indeterminate QFT-Plus. A retrospective study was performed including hospitalized COVID-19 patients, stratified in survivors and non-survivors, non-severe and severe according to the maximal oxygen supply required. Statistical analysis was performed using JASP ver0.14.1 and GraphPad Prism ver8.2.1. A total of 420 patients were included, median age: 65 years, males: 66.4%. The QFT-Plus was indeterminate in 22.1% of patients. Increased rate of indeterminate QFT-Plus was found in non-survivors (p = 0.013) and in severe COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001). Considering the Mitogen-Nil condition of the QFT-Plus, an impaired production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was found in non-survivors (p < 0.001) and in severe COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001). A positive correlation between IFN-γ levels in the Mitogen-Nil condition and the absolute counts of CD3+ (p < 0.001), CD4+ (p < 0.001), and CD8+ (p < 0.001) T-lymphocytes was found. At the multivariable analysis, CD3+ T-cell absolute counts and CD4/CD8 ratio were confirmed as independent predictors of indeterminate results at the QFT-Plus. Our study confirmed the increased rate of indeterminate QFT-Plus in COVID-19 patients, mainly depending on the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte depletion found in the most severe cases.
Keywords: QuantiFERON-TB Gold; IGRA; SARS-CoV-2; CD3; lymphopenia; IFN QuantiFERON-TB Gold; IGRA; SARS-CoV-2; CD3; lymphopenia; IFN

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MDPI and ACS Style

Imeneo, A.; Alessio, G.; Di Lorenzo, A.; Campogiani, L.; Lodi, A.; Barreca, F.; Zordan, M.; Barchi, V.; Massa, B.; Tedde, S.; et al. In Patients with Severe COVID-19, the Profound Decrease in the Peripheral Blood T-Cell Subsets Is Correlated with an Increase of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Indeterminate Rates and Reflecting a Reduced Interferon-Gamma Production. Life 2022, 12, 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020244

AMA Style

Imeneo A, Alessio G, Di Lorenzo A, Campogiani L, Lodi A, Barreca F, Zordan M, Barchi V, Massa B, Tedde S, et al. In Patients with Severe COVID-19, the Profound Decrease in the Peripheral Blood T-Cell Subsets Is Correlated with an Increase of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Indeterminate Rates and Reflecting a Reduced Interferon-Gamma Production. Life. 2022; 12(2):244. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020244

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imeneo, Alessandra, Grazia Alessio, Andrea Di Lorenzo, Laura Campogiani, Alessandra Lodi, Filippo Barreca, Marta Zordan, Virginia Barchi, Barbara Massa, Simona Tedde, and et al. 2022. "In Patients with Severe COVID-19, the Profound Decrease in the Peripheral Blood T-Cell Subsets Is Correlated with an Increase of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Indeterminate Rates and Reflecting a Reduced Interferon-Gamma Production" Life 12, no. 2: 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020244

APA Style

Imeneo, A., Alessio, G., Di Lorenzo, A., Campogiani, L., Lodi, A., Barreca, F., Zordan, M., Barchi, V., Massa, B., Tedde, S., Crea, A., Vitale, P., Spalliera, I., Compagno, M., Coppola, L., Dori, L., Malagnino, V., Teti, E., Andreoni, M., ... Iannetta, M. (2022). In Patients with Severe COVID-19, the Profound Decrease in the Peripheral Blood T-Cell Subsets Is Correlated with an Increase of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Indeterminate Rates and Reflecting a Reduced Interferon-Gamma Production. Life, 12(2), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020244

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