Voltage Profile Enhancement and Loss Minimization Using Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Reconfigured Network
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Literature Review
2. Problem Formulation
2.1. Reconfiguration of Distribution System
2.2. Percentage Loss Reduction
2.3. Voltage Deviation
3. System Description
3.1. DG Units Placement
3.2. Voltage Profile Improvement
3.3. Power Loss Minimization
3.4. Line Current
3.5. Fitness Function
4. Particle Swarm Optimization
5. Results and Discussion
- Scenario 1: Base distribution system.
- Scenario 2: Reconfigured distribution system.
- Scenario 3: Base distribution system with DGs.
- Scenario 4: Reconfigured distribution system with DGs.
5.1. Base Configuration
5.2. Reconfiguration with DGs
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Future Work
References
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Base System Configuration | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Base System | DG1 | DG1 and DG2 | DG1, DG2, and DG3 | |
Active power loss (kW) | 203.17 | 110.2 | 105.7 | 82.77 |
Reactive power loss (kVAr) | 135.17 | 79.43 | 74.81 | 58.39 |
Min. voltage magnitude (p.u.) and location | 0.9022, 18 | 0.9484, 18 | 0.9573, 32 | 0.9464, 33 |
DGs size (MW) and location | 3.1335, 6 | 3.1335, 6 0.3651, 16 | 2.1642, 6 0.3651, 16 0.7386, 25 | |
After System Reconfiguration | ||||
Active power loss (kW) | 138.14 | 120.5 | 71.47 | 64.91 |
Reactive power loss (kVAr) | 99.85 | 83.66 | 50.68 | 47.03 |
Min. voltage magnitude (p.u.) and location | 0.9281, 32 | 0.9287, 32 | 0.9585, 32 | 0.9611, 32 |
DGs size (MW) and location | 1.0641, 16 | 1.0641, 16 1.2155, 29 | 1.0641, 16 1.2155, 29 0.6745, 26 |
Methods | Base Network | Reconfigured Network | Base Network with DGs | Reconfigured Network with DGs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active power loss (kW) | 203.17 | 138.14 | 82.77 | 64.91 |
Reactive power loss (kVAr) | 135.17 | 99.85 | 58.39 | 47.03 |
Min. voltage magnitude (p.u.) | 0.9022 | 0.9281 | 0.9464 | 0.9611 |
Active power loss reduction (%) | 32.00 | 59.26 | 68.05 | |
Reactive power loss reduction (%) | 26.13 | 56.80 | 65.20 | |
Voltage deviation (VD) | 0.0878 | 0.0619 | 0.0436 | 0.0289 |
Voltage enhancement (%) | 2.87 | 4.9 | 6.53 |
Methods | Active Power Loss (kW) | Min Voltage (p.u.) | Tie Switches | DGs (MW) | Buses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HSA [40] | 73.05 | 0.9700 | 7, 14, 10, 32, 28 | 1.6684 | |
GA [40] | 75.13 | 0.9766 | 7, 10, 28, 32, 34 | 1.9633 | |
RGA [40] | 74.32 | 0.9691 | 7, 9, 12, 27, 32 | 1.774 | |
FA [44] | 73.048 | 0.97352 | 8, 9, 28, 32, 33 | 0.8414 | 31 |
0.3408 | 32 | ||||
0.5916 | 33 | ||||
Two-stage algorithm [54] | 92.91 | 0.9541 | 7, 9, 14, 30, 37 | 0.250 | 16 |
0.250 | 17 | ||||
0.250 | 18 | ||||
FWA [55] | 67.11 | 0.9713 | 7, 14, 11, 32, 28 | 0.5367 | 32 |
0.6158 | 29 | ||||
0.5315 | 18 | ||||
Directed graph [56] | 112.19 | 0.9465 | 7, 9, 14, 25, 32 | ||
Proposed method | 64.91 | 0.9611 | 7, 9, 14, 28, 32 | 1.0641 | 16 |
1.2155 | 29 | ||||
0.6745 | 26 |
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Haider, W.; Hassan, S.J.U.; Mehdi, A.; Hussain, A.; Adjayeng, G.O.M.; Kim, C.-H. Voltage Profile Enhancement and Loss Minimization Using Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Reconfigured Network. Machines 2021, 9, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9010020
Haider W, Hassan SJU, Mehdi A, Hussain A, Adjayeng GOM, Kim C-H. Voltage Profile Enhancement and Loss Minimization Using Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Reconfigured Network. Machines. 2021; 9(1):20. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9010020
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaider, Waseem, S Jarjees Ul Hassan, Arif Mehdi, Arif Hussain, Gerardo Ondo Micha Adjayeng, and Chul-Hwan Kim. 2021. "Voltage Profile Enhancement and Loss Minimization Using Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Reconfigured Network" Machines 9, no. 1: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9010020