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10.3390/cells11050757
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Article

The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages

by
Priyanka Chanana
1,
Ahmed Uosef
1,2,
Nicole Vaughn
1,
Martha Suarez-Villagran
3,4,
Rafik M. Ghobrial
1,2,
Malgorzata Kloc
1,2,5,* and
Jarek Wosik
4,6,*
1
The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2
Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
3
Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
4
Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
5
MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
6
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2022, 11(5), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050757
Submission received: 30 December 2021 / Revised: 10 February 2022 / Accepted: 14 February 2022 / Published: 22 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Collection Magnetic Fields and Cells)
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Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in diagnostic medicine. MRI uses the static magnetic field to polarize nuclei spins, fast-switching magnetic field gradients to generate temporal and spatial resolution, and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves to control the spin orientation. All these forms of magnetic static and electromagnetic RF fields interact with human tissue and cells. However, reports on the MRI technique’s effects on the cells and human body are often inconsistent or contradictory. In both research and clinical MRI, recent progress in improving sensitivity and resolution is associated with the increased magnetic field strength of MRI magnets. Additionally, to improve the contrast of the images, the MRI technique often employs contrast agents, such as gadolinium-based Dotarem, with effects on cells and organs that are still disputable and not fully understood. Application of higher magnetic fields requires revisiting previously observed or potentially possible bio-effects. This article focuses on the influence of a static magnetic field gradient with and without a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (Dotarem) and the cellular and molecular effects of Dotarem on macrophages.
Keywords: magnetic field gradient; MRI; gadolinium; macrophage; polarization; mitochondria; Golgi complex; ER magnetic field gradient; MRI; gadolinium; macrophage; polarization; mitochondria; Golgi complex; ER

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chanana, P.; Uosef, A.; Vaughn, N.; Suarez-Villagran, M.; Ghobrial, R.M.; Kloc, M.; Wosik, J. The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages. Cells 2022, 11, 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050757

AMA Style

Chanana P, Uosef A, Vaughn N, Suarez-Villagran M, Ghobrial RM, Kloc M, Wosik J. The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages. Cells. 2022; 11(5):757. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050757

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chanana, Priyanka, Ahmed Uosef, Nicole Vaughn, Martha Suarez-Villagran, Rafik M. Ghobrial, Malgorzata Kloc, and Jarek Wosik. 2022. "The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages" Cells 11, no. 5: 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050757

APA Style

Chanana, P., Uosef, A., Vaughn, N., Suarez-Villagran, M., Ghobrial, R. M., Kloc, M., & Wosik, J. (2022). The Effect of Magnetic Field Gradient and Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agent Dotarem on Mouse Macrophages. Cells, 11(5), 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050757

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