Cardiotoxicity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adults: A Scoping Study
by
, , , and
Ioannis Konstantinidis
1,2
,
Sophia Tsokkou
1,2
,
Savvas Grigoriadis
3,
Lalayianni Chrysavgi
4 and
Eleni Gavriilaki
1,*
1
2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokratio University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Research Team “Histologistas”, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program “Health and Environmental Factors”, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
4
Hematology Department, BMT Unit, G Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2024, 16(13), 2474; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132474
Submission received: 1 June 2024
/
Revised: 29 June 2024
/
Accepted: 2 July 2024
/
Published: 6 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hematologic Malignancies and Related Disorders: Challenges from Diagnosis to Treatment)
Simple Summary
This is a scoping study aiming to extensively assess and explore the degree of cardiotoxicity in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) that can be caused due to pharmaceutical treatments. Many pharmacological regiments used can potentially cause cardiotoxicity in AML patients, but it is understandable that being familiar with all the available treatment options available and every potential adverse effect is impossible before the initiation of the therapy. However, hematologists and, in general, physicians should try to be updated with the most recent information released to improve the quality of life of their patients and minimize the risk of additional complications. Correct communication and collaboration between hematologists and cardiologists is of paramount importance and a huge advantage that can yield promising results, utilizing both cardiology imaging techniques, such as cardiac ultrasound, which is an easy and cost-effective means of instant diagnosis and staging the suspected complication, and serum cardiac biomarkers, according to current cardio-oncology guidelines.
Abstract
Introduction: According to the National Cancer Institute of the NIH, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly growing cancer with a large quantity of myeloblasts. AML is most often observed in adults over the age of 35, accounting for 1% of all cancer types. In 2023, the number of new cases being reported was estimated to reach around 20,380 in total and the rate of mortality in the same year was 1.9%, or 11,310 cases, in the US. Purpose: This scoping study aims to extensively assess and explore the degree of cardiotoxicity in patients with AML that can be caused due to pharmaceutical treatments prescribed by hematologists. This is achieved by performing extensive searches of different scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Results: A variety of options are available that are summarized in tables included herein, with each having their advantages and risks of adverse effects, among these being cardiotoxicity. Important medications found to play a significant role include gemtuzumab ozogamicin, venetoclax, and vyxeos. Conclusions: It is understandable that being familiar with all the treatment options available and every potential adverse effect is impossible. However, hematologists and, in general, physicians must try to be updated with the most recent information released to improve the quality of life of their patients and minimize the risk of additional complications.
