Urine HPV in the Context of Genital and Cervical Cancer Screening—An Update of Current Literature
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
Brief History/Development of Urine HPV Testing
2. Recent Developments of Urine HPV Testing
2.1. mRNA E6/E7
2.2. HPV DNA
3. Urine HPV as A Proxy for HPV Vaccination Coverage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Padhy, R.R.; Davidov, A.; Madrigal, L.; Alcide, G.; Spahiu, A. Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus RNA in urine for cervical cancer screening with HPV 16 & 18/45 genotyping. Heliyon 2020, 6, e03745. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ciavattini, A.; Delli Carpini, G.; Giannella, L.; Arbyn, M.; Kyrgiou, M.; Joura, E.A.; Sehouli, J.; Carcopino, X.; Redman, C.W.; Nieminen, P.; et al. European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) and European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) joint considerations about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, screening programs, colposcopy, and surgery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 2020, 30, 1097–1100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. ASCCP Interim Guidance for Timing of Diagnostic and Treatment Procedures for Patients with Abnormal Cervical Screening Test. Available online: https://www.asccp.org/covid-19 (accessed on 19 March 2020).
- Daponte, A.; Pournaras, S.; Tsakris, A. Self-sampling for high-risk human papillomavirus detection: Future cervical cancer screening? Women’s Health 2014, 10, 115–118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ronco, G.; Dillner, J.; Elfstrom, K.M.; Tunesi, S.; Snijders, P.J.; Arbyn, M.; Kitchener, H.; Segnan, N.; Gilham, C.; Giorgi-Rossi, P.; et al. Efficacy of HPV-based screening for prevention of invasive cervical cancer: Follow-up of four European randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2014, 383, 524–532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chatzistamatiou, K.; Vrekoussis, T.; Tsertanidou, A.; Moysiadis, T.; Mouchtaropoulou, E.; Pasentsis, K.; Kitsou, A.; Moschaki, V.; Ntoula, M.; Zempili, P.; et al. Acceptability of Self-Sampling for Human Papillomavirus-Based Cervical Cancer Screening. J. Womens Health 2020, 29, 1447–1456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Koliopoulos, G.; Arbyn, M.; Martin-Hirsch, P.; Kyrgiou, M.; Prendiville, W.; Paraskevaidis, E. Diagnostic accuracy of human papillomavirus testing in primary cervical screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized studies. Gynecol. Oncol. 2007, 104, 232–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koliopoulos, G.; Nyaga, V.N.; Santesso, N.; Bryant, A.; Martin-Hirsch, P.P.; Mustafa, R.A.; Schunemann, H.; Paraskevaidis, E.; Arbyn, M. Cytology versus HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in the general population. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2017, 8, Cd008587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kyrgiou, M.; Arbyn, M.; Bergeron, C.; Bosch, F.X.; Dillner, J.; Jit, M.; Kim, J.; Poljak, M.; Nieminen, P.; Sasieni, P.; et al. Cervical screening: ESGO-EFC position paper of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology (ESGO) and the European Federation of Colposcopy (EFC). Br. J. Cancer 2020, 123, 510–517. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cancino, R.S.; Su, Z.; Mesa, R.; Tomlinson, G.E.; Wang, J. The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Screening: Challenges and Opportunities. JMIR Cancer 2020, 6, e21697. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fontham, E.T.H.; Wolf, A.M.D.; Church, T.R.; Etzioni, R.; Flowers, C.R.; Herzig, A.; Guerra, C.E.; Oeffinger, K.C.; Shih, Y.T.; Walter, L.C.; et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2020, 70, 321–346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daponte, A.; Pournaras, S.; Mademtzis, I.; Hadjichristodoulou, C.; Kostopoulou, E.; Maniatis, A.N.; Messinis, I.E. Evaluation of HPV 16 PCR detection in self- compared with clinician-collected samples in women referred for colposcopy. Gynecol. Oncol. 2006, 103, 463–466. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Daponte, A.; Tsezou, A.; Oikonomou, P.; Hadjichristodoulou, C.; Maniatis, A.N.; Pournaras, S.; Messinis, I.E. Use of real-time PCR to detect human papillomavirus-16 viral loads in vaginal and urine self-sampled specimens. Clin. Microbiol. Ainfection 2008, 14, 619–621. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Daponte, A.; Pournaras, S.; Mademtzis, I.; Hadjichristodoulou, C.; Kostopoulou, E.; Maniatis, A.N.; Messinis, I.E. Evaluation of high-risk human papillomavirus types PCR detection in paired urine and cervical samples of women with abnormal cytology. J. Clin. Virol. 2006, 36, 189–193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Agorastos, T.; Chatzistamatiou, K.; Katsamagkas, T.; Koliopoulos, G.; Daponte, A.; Constantinidis, T.; Constantinidis, T.C. Primary screening for cervical cancer based on high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and HPV 16 and HPV 18 genotyping, in comparison to cytology. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0119755. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Agorastos, T.; Chatzistamatiou, K.; Tsertanidou, A.; Mouchtaropoulou, E.; Pasentsis, K.; Kitsou, A.; Moysiadis, T.; Moschaki, V.; Skenderi, A.; Katsiki, E.; et al. Implementation of HPV-based Cervical Cancer Screening Combined with Self-sampling Using a Midwifery Network Across Rural Greece: The GRECOSELF Study. Cancer Prev. Res. 2019, 12, 701–710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ornskov, D.; Jochumsen, K.; Steiner, P.H.; Grunnet, I.M.; Lykkebo, A.W.; Waldstrom, M. Clinical performance and acceptability of self-collected vaginal and urine samples compared with clinician-taken cervical samples for HPV testing among women referred for colposcopy. A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021, 11, e041512. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Arbyn, M.; Smith, S.B.; Temin, S.; Sultana, F.; Castle, P. Detecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: Updated meta-analyses. BMJ 2018, 363, k4823. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mantzana, P.; Pournaras, S.; Skentou, C.; Deligeoroglou, E.; Katsioulis, A.; Antonakopoulos, G.; Hadjichristodoulou, C.; Tsakris, A.; Messinis, I.E.; Daponte, A. Applicability of self-obtained urine and vaginal samples for HPV-16, -18, -31 and -45 cervical cancer screening in pregnancy: A pilot cross-sectional study. Future Virol. 2014, 9, 385–395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zacharis, K.; Messini, C.I.; Anifandis, G.; Koukoulis, G.; Satra, M.; Daponte, A. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Fertilization: A Mini Review. Medicina 2018, 54, 50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Koukoura, O.; Klados, G.; Strataki, M.; Daponte, A. A rapidly growing vulvar condyloma acuminatum in a young patient. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cancers Associated with Human Papillomavirus, United States 2013–2017; USCS Data Brief., Νο18, US Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control. and Prevention: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2020.
- Bruni, L.; Albero, G.; Serrano, B.; Mena, M.; Gómez, D.; Muñoz, J.; Bosch, F.X.; de Sanjosé, S. ICO/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Greece. Fact Sheet 2018. Summary Report. 2019. Available online: https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/GRC_FS.pdf?t=1586602338630 (accessed on 12 April 2020).
- Pathak, N.; Dodds, J.; Zamora, J.; Khan, K. Accuracy of urinary human papillomavirus testing for presence of cervical HPV: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2014, 349, g5264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Arbyn, M.; Verdoodt, F.; Snijders, P.J.; Verhoef, V.M.; Suonio, E.; Dillner, L.; Minozzi, S.; Bellisario, C.; Banzi, R.; Zhao, F.H.; et al. Accuracy of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected versus clinician-collected samples: A meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2014, 15, 172–183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arbyn, M.; Peeters, E.; Benoy, I.; Vanden Broeck, D.; Bogers, J.; De Sutter, P.; Donders, G.; Tjalma, W.; Weyers, S.; Cuschieri, K.; et al. VALHUDES: A protocol for validation of human papillomavirus assays and collection devices for HPV testing on self-samples and urine samples. J. Clin. Virol. 2018, 107, 52–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Oliveira, C.M.; Musselwhite, L.W.; de Paula Pantano, N.; Vazquez, F.L.; Smith, J.S.; Schweizer, J.; Belmares, M.; Possati-Resende, J.C.; Vieira, M.A.; Longatto-Filho, A.; et al. Detection of HPV E6 oncoprotein from urine via a novel immunochromatographic assay. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0232105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tranberg, M.; Jensen, J.S.; Bech, B.H.; Andersen, B. Urine collection in cervical cancer screening—Analytical comparison of two HPV DNA assays. BMC Infect. Dis. 2020, 20, 926. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vorsters, A.; Van Damme, P.; Clifford, G. Urine testing for HPV: Rationale for using first void. BMJ 2014, 349, g6252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Keer, S.; Tjalma, W.A.A.; Pattyn, J.; Biesmans, S.; Pieters, Z.; Van Ostade, X.; Ieven, M.; Van Damme, P.; Vorsters, A. Human papillomavirus genotype and viral load agreement between paired first-void urine and clinician-collected cervical samples. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2018, 37, 859–869. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Pattyn, J.; Van Keer, S.; Biesmans, S.; Ieven, M.; Vanderborght, C.; Beyers, K.; Vankerckhoven, V.; Bruyndonckx, R.; Van Damme, P.; Vorsters, A. Human papillomavirus detection in urine: Effect of a first-void urine collection device and timing of collection. J. Virol. Methods 2019, 264, 23–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kostopoulou, E.; Samara, M.; Kollia, P.; Zacharouli, K.; Mademtzis, I.; Daponte, A.; Messinis, I.E.; Koukoulis, G. Different patterns of p16 immunoreactivity in cervical biopsies: Correlation to lesion grade and HPV detection, with a review of the literature. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2011, 32, 54–61. [Google Scholar]
- Daponte, A.; Grayson, W.; Moisuc, D.; Ebrahim, S.; Guidozzi, F. Adenoid cystic carcinoma stage Ib1 treated with radical surgery displaying human papilloma virus 33 (HPV 33): Immunoelectron microscopy and review. Gynecol. Oncol. 2003, 90, 673–676. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kostopoulou, E.; Samara, M.; Kollia, P.; Zacharouli, K.; Mademtzis, I.; Daponte, A.; Messinis, I.E.; Koukoulis, G. Correlation between cyclin B1 immunostaining in cervical biopsies and HPV detection by PCR. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 2009, 17, 115–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Paraskevaidis, E.; Athanasiou, A.; Paraskevaidi, M.; Bilirakis, E.; Galazios, G.; Kontomanolis, E.; Dinas, K.; Loufopoulos, A.; Nasioutziki, M.; Kalogiannidis, I.; et al. Cervical Pathology Following HPV Vaccination in Greece: A 10-year HeCPA Observational Cohort Study. In Vivo 2020, 34, 1445–1449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Koliopoulos, G.; Valasoulis, G.; Zilakou, E. An update review on HPV testing methods for cervical neoplasia. Expert Opin. Med. Diagn. 2009, 3, 123–131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Van den Helder, R.; van Trommel, N.E.; van Splunter, A.P.; Lissenberg-Witte, B.I.; Bleeker, M.C.G.; Steenbergen, R.D.M. Methylation analysis in urine fractions for optimal CIN3 and cervical cancer detection. Papillomavirus Res. 2020, 9, 100193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lee, H.; Choi, M.; Jo, M.; Park, E.Y.; Hwang, S.H.; Cho, Y. Assessment of clinical performance of an ultrasensitive nanowire assay for detecting human papillomavirus DNA in urine. Gynecol. Oncol. 2020, 156, 641–646. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lee, H.; Choi, M.; Hwang, S.H.; Cho, Y. A Versatile Nanowire Platform for Highly Efficient Isolation and Direct PCR-free Colorimetric Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA from Unprocessed Urine. Theranostics 2018, 8, 399–409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Asciutto, K.C.; Ernstson, A.; Forslund, O.; Borgfeldt, C. Self-sampling with HPV mRNA analyses from vagina and urine compared with cervical samples. J. Clin. Virol. 2018, 101, 69–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arias, M.; Jang, D.; Dockter, J.; Ratnam, S.; Shah, A.; Elit, L.; Smieja, M.; Lytwyn, A.; Getman, D.; Weinbaum, B.; et al. Treatment of first-void urine with Aptima Transfer Solution increases detection of high-risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA. J. Virol. Methods 2019, 267, 48–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cho, H.W.; Hong, J.H.; Min, K.J.; Ouh, Y.T.; Seong, S.J.; Moon, J.H.; Cho, S.H.; Lee, J.K. Performance and Diagnostic Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus Testing on Self-Collected Urine and Vaginal Samples in a Referral Population. Cancer Res. Treat. 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cadman, L.; Reuter, C.; Jitlal, M.; Kleeman, M.; Austin, J.; Hollingworth, T.; Parberry, A.L.; Ashdown-Barr, L.; Patel, D.; Nedjai, B.; et al. A randomised comparison of different vaginal self-sampling devices and urine for human papillomavirus testing—Predictors 5.1. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ostensson, E.; Belkic, K.; Ramqvist, T.; Mints, M.; Andersson, S. Self-sampling for high-risk human papillomavirus as a follow-up alternative after treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Oncol. Lett. 2021, 21, 240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Valasoulis, G.; Pouliakis, A.; Michail, G.; Kottaridi, C.; Spathis, A.; Kyrgiou, M.; Paraskevaidis, E.; Daponte, A. Alterations of HPV-Related Biomarkers after Prophylactic HPV Vaccination. A Prospective Pilot Observational Study in Greek Women. Cancers 2020, 12, 1164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dardiotis, E.; Siokas, V.; Garas, A.; Paraskevaidis, E.; Kyrgiou, M.; Xiromerisiou, G.; Deligeoroglou, E.; Galazios, G.; Kontomanolis, E.N.; Spandidos, D.A.; et al. Genetic variations in the SULF1 gene alter the risk of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Oncol. Lett. 2018, 16, 3833–3841. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Pattyn, J.; Van Keer, S.; Teblick, L.; Van Damme, P.; Vorsters, A. Non-invasive Assessment of Vaccine-Induced HPV Antibodies via First-Void Urine. Front. Immunol. 2020, 11, 1657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Keer, S.; Willhauck-Fleckenstein, M.; Pattyn, J.; Butt, J.; Tjalma, W.A.A.; Van Ostade, X.; Hens, N.; Van Damme, P.; Waterboer, T.; Vorsters, A. First-void urine as a non-invasive liquid biopsy source to detect vaccine-induced human papillomavirus antibodies originating from cervicovaginal secretions. J. Clin. Virol. 2019, 117, 11–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pattyn, J.; Panicker, G.; Willhauck-Fleckenstein, M.; Van Keer, S.; Teblick, L.; Pieters, Z.; Tjalma, W.A.A.; Matheeussen, V.; Van Damme, P.; Waterboer, T.; et al. Comparison of a VLP-based and GST-L1-based multiplex immunoassay to detect vaccine-induced HPV-specific antibodies in first-void urine. J. Med. Virol. 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Pattyn, J.; Van Keer, S.; Teblick, L.; Van Damme, P.; Vorsters, A. HPV DNA detection in urine samples of women: ‘An efficacious and accurate alternative to cervical samples? ’ Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 2019, 17, 755–757. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Sanjose, S.; Temin, S.; Garland, S.; Eckert, L.O.; Arrossi, S. Primary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Resource-Stratified Guideline Summary. J. Oncol. Pract. 2017, 13, 452–457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Valasoulis, G.; Koliopoulos, G.; Founta, C.; Kyrgiou, M.; Tsoumpou, I.; Valari, O.; Martin-Hirsch, P.; Daponte, A.; Karakitsos, P.; Paraskevaidis, E. Alterations in human papillomavirus-related biomarkers after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol. Oncol. 2011, 121, 43–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tsoumpou, I.; Valasoulis, G.; Founta, C.; Kyrgiou, M.; Nasioutziki, M.; Daponte, A.; Koliopoulos, G.; Malamou-Mitsi, V.; Karakitsos, P.; Paraskevaidis, E. High-risk human papillomavirus DNA test and p16(INK4a) in the triage of LSIL: A prospective diagnostic study. Gynecol. Oncol. 2011, 121, 49–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Valasoulis, G.; Tsoumpou, I.; Founta, C.; Kyrgiou, M.; Dalkalitsis, N.; Nasioutziki, M.; Kassanos, D.; Paraskevaidis, E.; Karakitsos, P. The role of p16(INK4a) immunostaining in the risk assessment of women with LSIL cytology: A prospective pragmatic study. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2011, 32, 150–152. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Lima, K.M.G.; Gajjar, K.; Valasoulis, G.; Nasioutziki, M.; Kyrgiou, M.; Karakitsos, P.; Paraskevaidis, E.; Martin Hirsch, P.L.; Martin, F.L. Classification of cervical cytology for human papilloma virus (HPV) infection using biospectroscopy and variable selection techniques. Anal. Methods 2014, 6, 9643–9652. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Authors | Specimen | HPV Biomarker & Assay | Sensitivity | Cohen’s Kappa Coefficient (κ) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oliveira et al. 2020 [27] | Paired urine s/s, vaginal s/s and cervical clinician-obtained | HPV16/18-E6 test vs. hrHPV DNA [OncoE6™ (Arbor Vita) vs. Cobas 4800™ (Roche)] | Cobas 4800™ Sensitivity for Cervical: 66.1% Cobas 4800™ Sensitivity for Vaginal: 65.3% (p = 1.00) Cobas 4800™ Sensitivity for Urine: 50.0% (p < 0.01) OncoE6™ Sensitivity for Cervical: 30.6% OncoE6™ Sensitivity for Vaginal: 20.2% (p < 0.01) OncoE6™ Sensitivity for Urine: 21.0% (p < 0.01) | Comparison between HPV-DNA and HPV16/18-E6 test results for types 16 and 18 according to sample origin Cervical: 0.76 Vaginal: 0.54 Urine: 0.55 |
Padhy et al. 2020 [1] | Paired urine s/s and cervical | Aptima mRNA™ (Hologic) | Urine hrHPV-mRNA detection: 31.5% Urine hrHPV-mRNA genotyping: 20.0% | Detection: 0.22 (p = 0.04) Genotyping: 0.25 (p = 0.16) |
Tranberg et al. 2020 [28] | Paired urine s/s, vaginal s/s and cervical GP obtained | Pts with ASC-US CLART™ (Genomica) Cobas 4800™ (Roche) | Cobas 4800™: 63.9% urinary hrHPV detection compared to cervical sampling CLART™: 51.6% urinary hrHPV detection compared to cervical sampling | 0.66 urine/vaginal concordance for hrHPV detection (Cobas 4800™) 0.55 urine/vaginal concordance for hrHPV detection (CLART™) |
Pathak et al. 2014 [24] | Meta-analysis of 14 studies (1443 women) confined to urine s/s |
| Urine detection of any HPV: pooled sensitivity of 87% (95% C.I. 78% to 92%) Urine detection of hrHPV: pooled sensitivity of 77% (68% to 84%) Urine detection of HPV 16 & 18: pooled sensitivity of 73% (56% to 86%) Metaregression revealed an increase in sensitivity with FVU samples compared with random or midstream (p = 0.004) |
Authors | Specimen | HPV Biomarker & Assay | Sensitivity (%) | Cohen’s Kappa Coefficient (κ) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Van den Helder et al. 2020 [37] | Full void urine, urine sediment & urine supernatant s/s | 5 methylation markers Multiplex 1 (GHSR-SST-ZIC1)Multiplex 2 (ASCL1-LHX8) | ||
Lee et al. 2020 [38] | Unspecified populationCervical clinician-obtained vs. urine s/s | Cervical specimens: Cobas 4800™ (Roche) Urine: Ultrasensitive nanowire assay | HPV16: 81.3% (95% C.I. 54.4–96.0) HPV18: 100.0% (95% C.I. 29.2–100.0) Other hrHPV’s: 96.4% (95% C.I. 81.7–99.9) | HPV16: 0.83 (95% C.I. 0.67–0.99) Hpv18: 0.65 (95% C.I. 0.28–1.00) Other hrHPV’s: 0.97 (95% C.I. 0.91–100.0) |
Asciutto et al. 2018 [40] | Clinician-obtained cervical cytology & mRNA HPV, Vaginal s/s, Urine s/s. vs. Cervical Histology (Biopsy or LEEP) | Aptima mRNA™ (Hologic) | APTIMA™ in vaginal self-samples 85.5% APTIMA™ in urinary samples 44.8% Cervical Clinician-obtained Cytology 81.7% Cervical Clinician-obtained APTIMA™ 100% for HG | |
Arias et al. 2019 [41] | Female arm: Cervical cytology & Cervical histology, FVU s/s treated with proteinase K Untreated FVU s/s | Arm A Untreated FVU 0.29 (0.16–0.42) ATS-FVU 0.63 (0.52–0.73) Arm B Untreated FVU 0.27 (0.14–0.41) ATS-FVU 0.42 (0.30–0.54) | ||
Cho et al. 2020 [42] | Matched urine s/s, vaginal s/s, and clinician-obtained cervical samples | RealTime HR-S HPV™ Anyplex II HPV 28™ | For CIN2: Cervical samples, Realtime HR-S: 93.13% (95% CI, 87.36 to 96.81) Cervical samples, Anyplex II: 90.08% (95% CI, 83.63 to 94.61) Vaginal samples, Realtime HR-S: 84.73% (95% CI, 77.41 to 90.42) Vaginal samples, Anyplex II: 78.63% (95% CI, 70.61 to 85.30) Urine samples, Realtime HR-S: 73.28% (95% CI, 64.85 to 80.63) Urine samples, Anyplex II: 66.41% (95% CI, 57.61 to 74.42) | |
Cadman et al. 2021 [43] | Urine & Vaginal s/s [WD=Digene® Female Swab Specimen Collection Kit (Qiagen GmbH) placed in liquid specimen transport medium (STM) plus DF = Copan FLOQswab™ (Copan Diagnostics Inc) as a dry sample vs. the QT = Qvintip® kit (Aprovix AB) & the HS = HerSwab (Eve Medical) both as dry samples] | hrHPV Onclarity™ (BD) | Sensitivity for CIN3+ with WD: 91.2% Sensitivity for CIN3+ with urine: 89.7% Sensitivity for CIN3+ with DF: 88.2% Sensitivity for CIN3+ with QT: 81.8% Sensitivity for CIN3+ with HS: 77.4% | Between WD & DF: kappa = 0.801, 95% CI: 0.777, 0.826 Between QT & HS: kappa = 0.753, 95% CI: 0.723, 0.779 Between urine and the 4 vaginal samples: kappa = 0.568–0.646 |
Pathak et al. 2014 [24] | Meta-analysis of 14 studies (1443 women) confined to urine s.s. |
| Urine detection of any HPV: pooled sensitivity of 87% (95% C.I. 78% to 92%) Urine detection of hrHPV: pooled sensitivity of 77% (68% to 84%) Urine detection of HPV 16 & 18: pooled sensitivity of 73% (56% to 86%) Metaregression revealed an increase in sensitivity with FVU samples compared with random or midstream (p = 0.004) | |
Arbyn et al. 2018 [18] | Meta-analysis | Each hrHPV assay based on PCR was equally sensitive for CIN2+ and for CIN3+ on self-samples versus clinician samples. The pooled sensitivity of hrHPV assays based on signal amplification was 10–16% lower on a self-sample versus a clinician sample for all self-sampling device and storage medium categories | ||
Östensson et al. 2021 [44] | Pretreated patients with conizationPaired urine, vaginal s/s and cervical obtained by gynaecologist | Abbott RealTime High-Risk HPV PCR (Urine & Vaginal s.s, Cervical clinician-obtained)Cobas 4800™ (Roche) Cervical clinician-obtained | Clinician sampled: Any HR type:100% Clinician sampled: 16/18: 100% Vaginal self- sampled: Any HR type:100% Vaginal self- sampled: 16/18: 100% Urine self- sampled: Any HR type:100% Urine self- sampled: 16/18: 33% | Abbott clinician kappa = 0.83 Vaginal self-sample: kappa ranged from 0.63 to 0.89 Urine self-sample: kappa ranged from 0.36 to 0.85 |
Ørnskov et al. 2021 [17] | Paired urine, vaginal s/s and cervical obtained by gynaecologist | Cobas 4800™ (Roche) | Sensitivity for CIN2+ with Self-collected vaginal sample: 96% Sensitivity for CIN2+ with Urine sample: 93% Sensitivity for CIN2+ with Clinician-taken cervical sample: 96% Sensitivity for CIN3+ with Self-collected vaginal sample: 97% Sensitivity for CIN3+ with Urine sample: 95% Sensitivity for CIN3+ with Clinician-taken cervical sample: 97% | Between Urine and self-collected vaginal samples, kappa = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.85 Between clinician-taken cervical samples and self-collected vaginal samples, kappa = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.85 Between Urine and clinician-taken cervical samples, kappa = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.74 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Daponte, A.; Michail, G.; Daponte, A.-I.; Daponte, N.; Valasoulis, G. Urine HPV in the Context of Genital and Cervical Cancer Screening—An Update of Current Literature. Cancers 2021, 13, 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071640
Daponte A, Michail G, Daponte A-I, Daponte N, Valasoulis G. Urine HPV in the Context of Genital and Cervical Cancer Screening—An Update of Current Literature. Cancers. 2021; 13(7):1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071640
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaponte, Alexandros, George Michail, Athina-Ioanna Daponte, Nikoletta Daponte, and George Valasoulis. 2021. "Urine HPV in the Context of Genital and Cervical Cancer Screening—An Update of Current Literature" Cancers 13, no. 7: 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071640