A Synthesis of Studies on Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics during 1930–2015 in Bangladesh
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Source of Data
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Source of Data
3. Composition, Distribution and Change of Major LULC Classes
3.1. Overall LUCC Scenario at the National Level
- ➢
- Spatio-temporal studies revealed that in 1976, the total area of agriculture land was 67.38% of the country [10] but, due to high population growth and land demands, the agricultural land contraction rate was 0.13–1% per year during 1976–2010 [10,22]. In 2014, the agricultural land has revealed 62.2% [23] (Figure 4b).
- ➢
- ➢
- The pattern of the agricultural land contraction has resulted in farmers adopting intensive and diverse agricultural practices with high-yield crop varieties. The cropping intensity has increased by 4% between 1948 to 2006 [24]. Cropland areas expanded at a rate of 0.28% per annum for 1980–2000 [25].
- ➢
- Overall, the urban areas of the country increased significantly between 1976 and 2014 (Figure 4c). In 1976, the urban and industrial areas were listed as 26,799 ha, which increased to 47,495 ha in 2000, 87,616 ha in 2010 [10], and 1,644,300 ha in 2014 [23]. Among the various urban areas, the highest urban growth has found in Dhaka from 11 to 344% between 1960 to 2005 [26].
- ➢
- The historical study on forest cover has examined that the area has been in decreasing trend. In 1930, the total forest cover was 15.7% of the total area, but the area has observed by 9.5% in 2014. A net loss has found 6.2% (9054 km2) over the past 85 years [23].
3.2. LUCC at the Sub-National Level
3.2.1. Agricultural Land
3.2.2. Urban Land
3.2.3. Forest Cover
3.2.4. Water Bodies
4. Impact of LUCC and Comparison of the Historical Database
4.1. Impacts of LUCC Over the Country
4.1.1. Agricultural Land Contraction and Food Insecurity
4.1.2. The Effects of Population Growth and Urban Land Development
4.1.3. The Effects of Forest Cover and Water Bodies Changes
4.2. Comparison of Historical Database
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Research Theme | Data Sources | Temporal Coverage | Methodology | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Agricultural land use | Field survey | 1950–1986 | Time series analysis | [32] |
Land cover mapping | NOAA/AVHRR | 1985/86–1992/93 | ERDAS & Arc-Info | [17] |
Land use change | BBS | 1980–2000 | Quantitative analysis | [25] |
Land cover change | Landsat images | 1977–2001 | Knowledge-based classification | [31] |
Agricultural land use | Agricultural statistics | 1948–2006 | Time series analysis | [24] |
Agricultural land conservation | Field survey | 2001–2008 | Quantitative analysis | [22] |
Agricultural land use | Landsat images | 1976–2010 | Hybrid interpretation | [10] |
Mapping of agricultural potential | BBS, BARC | 2013 | Suitability index | [21] |
Deforestation | Topographic maps, Landsat, IRS 1A LISS-I, IRS P6 AWiFs | 1930–2014 | Time series analysis, Gi* statistic | [23] |
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Rai, R.; Zhang, Y.; Paudel, B.; Li, S.; Khanal, N.R. A Synthesis of Studies on Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics during 1930–2015 in Bangladesh. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101866
Rai R, Zhang Y, Paudel B, Li S, Khanal NR. A Synthesis of Studies on Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics during 1930–2015 in Bangladesh. Sustainability. 2017; 9(10):1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101866
Chicago/Turabian StyleRai, Raju, Yili Zhang, Basanta Paudel, Shicheng Li, and Narendra Raj Khanal. 2017. "A Synthesis of Studies on Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics during 1930–2015 in Bangladesh" Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101866