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Infectious Disease Reports
Volume 12
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10.4081/idr.2020.8736
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Infectious Disease Reports is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.
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Article

The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation with Laser Diode on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm with Various Ages of Biofilm

by
Suryani Dyah Astuti
1,*,
Hafidiana
1,
Riries Rulaningtyas
1,
Abdurachman
2,
Alfian P. Putra
1,
Samian
1 and
Deny Arifianto
1
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
2
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8736; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8736
Submission received: 17 February 2020 / Revised: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 / Published: 6 July 2020

Abstract

Biofilms are able to cause microorganisms to be 80% more resistant to antibiotics. The extracelullar polymeric substance (EPS) in biofilm functions to protect bacteria, making it difficult for antibiotics to penetrate the biofilm layer. This study aims to determine the effective- ness of photodynamic inactivation with blue diode laser to reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm at various ages of biofilms. The light source is a 403 nm blue diode laser with an energy power of about 27.65 ± 0.01 mW. The study was designed with two groups: Group C was the untreated control group with variations in age of biofilms (0; 6; 11; 17; 24; 32; 40 and 48) hours; Group T was a laser treatment group with variations in age of biofilm and energy density (4.23; 8.46; 12.70; 16.93 and 21.16) J/cm2. Biofilm reduction measurement method using ELISA test was performed to calculate OD595 value. The statistical analysis results of variance showed that there was an influence of biofilm age and irradiation energy density of laser on biofilm reduction. Optical density analysis showed the most optimum biofilm reduction happened when biofilm age is perfectly constructed (about 17 hours) and with 91% reduction. The longer biofilm age lived among those biofilms, the greater the reduction. The results of the Scanning Microscope Electron and fluorescent microscope measurement showed destruction site of the EPS biofilm and bacterial cell death. So, the activated photodynamic with 403 nm laser diode is effective to reduce the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in the maturation phase.
Keywords: laser diode; biofilm ages; Staphylococcus aureus; energy density; biofilm reduction laser diode; biofilm ages; Staphylococcus aureus; energy density; biofilm reduction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Astuti, S.D.; Hafidiana; Rulaningtyas, R.; Abdurachman; Putra, A.P.; Samian; Arifianto, D. The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation with Laser Diode on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm with Various Ages of Biofilm. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2020, 12, 8736. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8736

AMA Style

Astuti SD, Hafidiana, Rulaningtyas R, Abdurachman, Putra AP, Samian, Arifianto D. The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation with Laser Diode on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm with Various Ages of Biofilm. Infectious Disease Reports. 2020; 12(s1):8736. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8736

Chicago/Turabian Style

Astuti, Suryani Dyah, Hafidiana, Riries Rulaningtyas, Abdurachman, Alfian P. Putra, Samian, and Deny Arifianto. 2020. "The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation with Laser Diode on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm with Various Ages of Biofilm" Infectious Disease Reports 12, no. s1: 8736. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8736

APA Style

Astuti, S. D., Hafidiana, Rulaningtyas, R., Abdurachman, Putra, A. P., Samian, & Arifianto, D. (2020). The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation with Laser Diode on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm with Various Ages of Biofilm. Infectious Disease Reports, 12(s1), 8736. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2020.8736

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