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Neurology International, Volume 17, Issue 8

2025 August - 18 articles

Cover Story: Hanson et al. report a striking link between Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX)—a treatable inherited metabolic disorder—and early-onset parkinsonism. In 72 cases, parkinsonism emerged at a mean age of 42, often decades after CTX symptoms, yet was frequently diagnosed before or alongside CTX, underscoring the need to recognize its complex presentation. Hallmark CTX features—cerebellar and pyramidal signs, cognitive decline, and tendon xanthomas—were common. MRI showed cerebellar (88%) and white matter (62%) abnormalities; functional imaging revealed presynaptic nigrostriatal damage in nearly all who were tested. Levodopa improved parkinsonism in 68%. This distinctive imaging and clinical profile can help differentiate CTX–parkinsonism from other atypical parkinsonian disorders and enable earlier diagnosis and treatment. View this paper
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Articles (18)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,151 Views
13 Pages

Safety and Effectiveness of Unilateral Transcranial Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound in Essential Tremor: One-Year Single-Center Real-World Results

  • Salvatore Iacono,
  • Cesare Gagliardo,
  • Domenico Gerardo Iacopino,
  • Giuseppe Schirò,
  • Rosario Maugeri,
  • Sergio Mastrilli,
  • Valentina Picciolo,
  • Eleonora Bruno,
  • Maurizio Marrale and
  • Marco D’Amelio
  • + 1 author

Background/Objectives: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder worldwide. It negatively affects patients’ activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life. Unilateral transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultraso...

(This article belongs to the Section Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,561 Views
9 Pages

Validation of the Charlotte Large Artery Occlusion Endovascular Therapy Outcome Score in a Modern Cohort of Thrombectomy Patients

  • Rahul R. Karamchandani,
  • Liang Wang,
  • Hongmei Yang,
  • Dale Strong,
  • Jeremy B. Rhoten,
  • Jonathan D. Clemente,
  • Gary Defilipp,
  • Elizabeth A. Adelman,
  • William R. Stetler and
  • Andrew W. Asimos

Background/Objectives: The Charlotte Large artery occlusion Endovascular therapy Outcome Score (CLEOS) predicts neurological outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Given recent expanded indications for EVT, we evaluated CLEOS in a modern coh...

(This article belongs to the Section Brain Tumor and Brain Injury)
  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,110 Views
10 Pages

Background/Objectives: The onset of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is thought to be related to fetal testosterone (TSTN) levels or the binding of neurexin (Nrxn) to neuroligin (Nlgn), as per some studies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms...

(This article belongs to the Section Aging Neuroscience)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,431 Views
16 Pages

Correlation of Neuroimaging Biomarkers and Pharmacogenetic Profiles in Optimizing Personalized Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Psychotic Disorders

  • Adriana Cojocaru,
  • Adina Braha,
  • Nicoleta Ioana Andreescu,
  • Alexandra Florina Șerban,
  • Codrina Mihaela Levai,
  • Iulius Jugănaru,
  • Iuliana Costea,
  • Lavinia Hogea,
  • Marius Militaru and
  • Laura Alexandra Nussbaum
  • + 1 author

Background/Objectives: Psychotic disorders with childhood or adolescent onset pose major therapeutic challenges due to their complex etiology and variable treatment response. While pharmacogenetics and neuroimaging biomarkers have independently shown...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,158 Views
13 Pages

Exploring Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke by Cardiac CT: Thrombus Features, LAA Characteristics and the Impact of Direct Oral Anticoagulation

  • Karim Mostafa,
  • Sarah Krutmann,
  • Cosima Wünsche,
  • Naomi Larsen,
  • Alexander Seiler,
  • Hatim Seoudy,
  • Domagoj Schunk,
  • Olav Jansen and
  • Patrick Langguth

Background: Large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes account for a significant proportion of ischemic strokes and are often cardioembolic in origin, particularly following atrial fibrillation (AF) with thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards an All-Inclusive Paradigm for Acute Stroke Treatment—Challenges and Innovations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,365 Views
11 Pages

Effect of Cilostazol in the Expression of Biomarkers and Neurological Outcome Following Experimentally Induced Cerebrovascular Accident—Experimental Protocol

  • Christiana Anastasiadou,
  • Stavroula Kastora,
  • Alkistis Kapelouzou,
  • Anastasios Papapetrou,
  • Angelos Megalopoulos,
  • Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos,
  • Efthymios Paronis,
  • Andreas Lazaris,
  • George Geroulakos and
  • John Kakisis
  • + 2 authors

Objective: Several strategies have been described for stroke prevention, and the most commonly used medication is aspirin. Cilostazol, which is a substance with a pleiotropic effect, is still not well investigated. In this study, we aimed to delineat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Acute Stroke Treatment, Neuroprotection, and Recovery)
  • Case Report
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,116 Views
11 Pages

Coexisting Subdural Hematoma in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Series

  • Matija Zupan,
  • Lara Straus,
  • Tomaž Velnar,
  • Matic Bošnjak,
  • Ulf Jensen-Kondering,
  • Bruno Splavski and
  • Senta Frol

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in elderly individuals, and it is characterized by the deposition of amyloid β protein (Aß) in the walls of small-caliber cortica...

(This article belongs to the Section Brain Tumor and Brain Injury)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,726 Views
12 Pages

Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Correlations of Ultrasound-Detected Markedly Enlarged Median Nerve at the Wrist

  • Lisa B. E. Shields,
  • Vasudeva G. Iyer,
  • Theresa Kluthe,
  • Kahir Jawad,
  • Jun Cai,
  • Yi Ping Zhang and
  • Christopher B. Shields

Background/Objectives: This is a retrospective review of 36 patients with electrodiagnostic (EDX) confirmation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and ultrasound (US) detection of marked median nerve enlargement (defined as a cross-sectional area [CSA] o...

(This article belongs to the Section Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,937 Views
14 Pages

Correlation of Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Functional Outcome in Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

  • Elina Polunosika,
  • Monta Feldmane,
  • Daina Pastare,
  • Joel Simren,
  • Kaj Blennow,
  • Nauris Zdanovskis,
  • Henrik Zetterberg,
  • Renars Erts and
  • Guntis Karelis

Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative central nervous system disease. Neurodegeneration plays a central role in long-term disease progression. Materials and Methods: This cross...

(This article belongs to the Section Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
4,136 Views
14 Pages

Foreign Language Syndrome: Neurological and Psychiatric Aspects

  • Ansam Eghzawi,
  • Ali Madha and
  • Rany Aburashed

Foreign Language Syndrome (FLS) is a rare neuropsychiatric condition characterized by the sudden, involuntary use of a non-native language, with concurrent loss or suppression of the native language. Distinct from Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS), FLS o...

(This article belongs to the Section Brain Tumor and Brain Injury)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,861 Views
23 Pages

Background/Objectives: Accurate diagnosis of brain tumors is one of the most important challenges in neuro-oncology since tumor classification and volumetric segmentation inform treatment planning. Two-dimensional classification and three-dimensional...

(This article belongs to the Section Brain Tumor and Brain Injury)
  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
8,233 Views
20 Pages

The Pathogenesis and Medical Treatment of Depression: Opportunity and Challenge

  • Mengjiao Xu,
  • Zhiyu Zhang,
  • Zhoudong Zhang,
  • Dong Liu,
  • Yanguo Shang,
  • Chenglun Tang,
  • Weipeng Wang,
  • Huanqiu Li,
  • Bengang You and
  • Tao Shen
  • + 1 author

Depression is a common mental disorder with high economic burden, characterized by high disability and mortality rates. The etiology of depression remains unclear to date, and there are various hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of depression in c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,223 Views
13 Pages

Characterization of QuantiFERON-TB-Plus Results in Patients with Tuberculosis Infection and Multiple Sclerosis

  • Elisa Petruccioli,
  • Luca Prosperini,
  • Serena Ruggieri,
  • Valentina Vanini,
  • Andrea Salmi,
  • Gilda Cuzzi,
  • Simonetta Galgani,
  • Shalom Haggiag,
  • Carla Tortorella and
  • Delia Goletti
  • + 5 authors

Background: Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) slightly increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease. The QuantiFERON-TB-Plus (QFT-Plus) test is approved for TB infection (TBI) screening. Currently, there are no data availab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,408 Views
14 Pages

Measuring Myotonia: Normative Values and Comparison with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1

  • Andrea Sipos,
  • Milán Árvai,
  • Dávid Varga,
  • Brigitta Ruszin-Perecz,
  • József Janszky,
  • Nándor Hajdú and
  • Endre Pál

Introduction: Myotonia is a rare neuromuscular condition characterized by impaired muscle relaxation. In this study, we provide normative values for clinical tests related to myotonia in the Hungarian population and compare them to patients with myot...

(This article belongs to the Section Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,434 Views
13 Pages

Background: Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare, inherited metabolic disease caused by pathogenic variants in CYP27A1. The clinical presentation of this progressive disease includes cognitive deficits, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and py...

(This article belongs to the Section Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,261 Views
17 Pages

Reliability and Validity of the Lowenstein Communication Scale

  • Anna Oksamitni,
  • Hiela Lehrer,
  • Ilana Gelernter,
  • Michal Scharf,
  • Lilach Front,
  • Olga Bendit-Goldenberg,
  • Amiram Catz and
  • Elena Aidinoff

Background/Objectives: The Lowenstein Communication Scale (LCS) is a tool for the evaluation of communicative performance in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). This study investigated the reliability and validity of the LCS. Methods: We...

(This article belongs to the Section Brain Tumor and Brain Injury)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,697 Views
9 Pages

Endovascular Treatment of Stroke and Anesthesia Technique: What Is the Best Approach, According to the Literature?

  • Federica Arturi,
  • Gabriele Melegari,
  • Fabio Gazzotti,
  • Elisabetta Bertellini and
  • Alberto Barbieri

Background/Objectives: Endovascular thrombectomy has become a mainstay in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. Among the multiple factors that influence outcomes, the choice of anesthetic technique—general an...

(This article belongs to the Section Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,249 Views
9 Pages

Elevated Urinary Titin in Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Observational Study

  • Andrea Sipos,
  • Emese Rebeka Ripszám,
  • Judit Mária Molnár,
  • Zoltán Grosz,
  • Judit Boczán,
  • Melinda Borbála Altorjay,
  • Livia Dézsi,
  • Anett Csáti,
  • Kristóf Babarczy and
  • Endre Pál
  • + 2 authors

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a treatable motor neuron disease. Biomarkers for skeletal muscle atrophy are extremely important for measuring the effects of treatment and monitoring the natural course of the disease. The urinary titin N...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarker Research in Neuromuscular Diseases)
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Neurol. Int. - ISSN 2035-8377