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Neurology International, Volume 16, Issue 6

2024 December - 46 articles

Cover Story: Treponema pallidum, the spirochete bacterium responsible for syphilis, poses ongoing medical challenges. Underdiagnosis or insufficient treatment can progress to neurosyphilis, a condition with severe neurological outcomes. Missing late latent treatment post-neurosyphilis may trigger brain mechanisms, culminating in irreversible dementia. This pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), accumulation of reactive oxygen species, direct bacterial damage, and proteinopathies such as TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and tau accumulation. Microglial activation and cytokine release exacerbate neuronal injury, while reactive astrocytes impair protein clearance and synaptic function. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and penicillin can halt this cascade, emphasizing the need for timely intervention to prevent neurodegeneration. View this paper
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Articles (46)

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
2,798 Views
9 Pages

Prevalence and Outcomes of Orthostatic Hypotension in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients During Hospitalization

  • Pui Kit Tam,
  • Guhan Ramamurthy,
  • Lavanya Rawat,
  • Serene Huang and
  • Jeong Hoon Lim

20 December 2024

Background/Objectives: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is highly prevalent in hospitalized patients and can lead to major consequences. The prevalence of OH among patients with stroke has also been reported to be high in in-patient cohorts. However, no...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,525 Views
22 Pages

Detecting Tumor-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

  • Hye Bin Yoo,
  • Hyeong Hun Lee,
  • Vincent Diong Weng Nga,
  • Yoon Seong Choi and
  • Jeong Hoon Lim

17 December 2024

Intracranial hemorrhage associated with primary or metastatic brain tumors is a critical condition that requires urgent intervention, often through open surgery. Nevertheless, surgical interventions may not always be feasible due to two main reasons:...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,723 Views
7 Pages

Anti-Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 5(CV2/CRMP5) and Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Antibodies-Mediated Encephalopathy Mimicking Atypical Parkinsonism

  • Giuseppe Schirò,
  • Matteo Gastaldi,
  • Salvatore Iacono,
  • Silvia Scaranzin,
  • Valentina Picciolo,
  • Valentina Arnao,
  • Anita Ferrari,
  • Cesare Gagliardo and
  • Marco D’Amelio

16 December 2024

Background: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are rare conditions characterized by immune-mediated pathogenesis, frequently associated with the presence of a neoplasm. Although a single antineuronal antibody mediates a specific syndrome, a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
14,780 Views
12 Pages

Ergogenic and Sympathomimetic Effects of Yohimbine: A Review

  • Sophia L. Porrill,
  • Rebecca R. Rogers and
  • Christopher G. Ballmann

12 December 2024

The purpose of this review is to compile and discuss available evidence in humans on the efficacy of YHM supplementation on performance in different exercise modalities. Yohimbine (YHM) is a naturally occurring alkaloid that induces increases in symp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,946 Views
18 Pages

HLA Class I and II Alleles in Anti-Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies Positive and Double-Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis Patients of Romanian Descent

  • Cristina Georgiana Croitoru,
  • Daniela Constantinescu,
  • Mariana Pavel-Tanasa,
  • Dan Iulian Cuciureanu,
  • Corina Maria Cianga,
  • Diana Nicoleta Hodorog and
  • Petru Cianga

10 December 2024

Background: Several significant associations between certain Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and myasthenia gravis (MG) subtypes were established in populations from Western Europe and North America and, to a lesser extent, from China and Japan...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,393 Views
31 Pages

Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Diseases: Advantages, Limitations, and Future Directions

  • Jin Young Hong,
  • Hyunseong Kim,
  • Wan-Jin Jeon,
  • Changhwan Yeo,
  • Hyun Kim,
  • Junseon Lee,
  • Yoon Jae Lee and
  • In-Hyuk Ha

9 December 2024

Animal models are valuable tools for studying the underlying mechanisms of and potential treatments for intervertebral disc diseases. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of animal models of disc diseases, focusing on lumbar spin...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
2,326 Views
9 Pages

Internal Ophthalmoplegic Migraine During Pregnancy: A Clinical Case

  • Brenda Castillo-Guerrero,
  • Gloria Londoño-Juliao,
  • Yesenia Pianetta,
  • Melissa Gutiérrez-Rey,
  • Bley Jair Zuñiga,
  • Gustavo Pestana,
  • Ana-Karina Carbonell-Zabaleta,
  • Diego Rivera-Porras,
  • Valmore Bermúdez and
  • José Vargas-Manotas

9 December 2024

Background: Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) is an uncommon variant of migraine characterised by headache and cranial nerve palsy, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Objective: This study aimed to describe an extremely rare OM var...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,321 Views
29 Pages

Impact of Mast Cell Activation on Neurodegeneration: A Potential Role for Gut–Brain Axis and Helicobacter pylori Infection

  • Marina Boziki,
  • Paschalis Theotokis,
  • Evangelia Kesidou,
  • Maria Nella,
  • Christos Bakirtzis,
  • Eleni Karafoulidou,
  • Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou,
  • Michael Doulberis,
  • Evangelos Kazakos and
  • Jannis Kountouras
  • + 2 authors

6 December 2024

Background: The innate immune response aims to prevent pathogens from entering the organism and/or to facilitate pathogen clearance. Innate immune cells, such as macrophages, mast cells (MCs), natural killer cells and neutrophils, bear pattern recogn...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,039 Views
8 Pages

Management of Post-Traumatic Pseudomeningocele as Consequence of Root Nerve Avulsion: Case Report and Review of the Literature

  • Leonardo Bradaschia,
  • Filippo Lacatena,
  • Francesca Vincitorio,
  • Paolo Titolo,
  • Bruno Battiston,
  • Diego Garbossa and
  • Fabio Cofano

6 December 2024

Background: Post-traumatic pseudomeningoceles are common findings after a brachial or lumbar plexus trauma, in particular after nerve root avulsion. Unlike meningoceles, pseudomeningoceles are CSF full-filled cysts confined by the paraspinous soft ti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,907 Views
11 Pages

Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy and Its Correlations with Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Different Brain Structures of Mice

  • Brenda Rufino da Silva,
  • Joyce Maria Ferreira Alexandre Lima,
  • Marcela Bermudez Echeverry and
  • Carlos Alberto-Silva

5 December 2024

Background/Objectives: Antipsychotic medicines are used to treat several psychological disorders and some symptoms caused by dementia and schizophrenia. Haloperidol (Hal) is a typical antipsychotic usually used to treat psychosis; however, its use ca...

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Neurol. Int. - ISSN 2035-8377