Ecology of Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in a Herd with Associated Neurologic Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Study Designs
2.3. Sample Collection and Processing
2.4. Case-Control Study
2.5. Pilot Study
2.6. Clean Room Study
2.7. Prospective Longitudinal Study
2.8. PoAstV3 RT-qPCR
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Case-Control Study
3.2. Pilot Study
3.3. Clean Room Study
3.4. Prospective Longitudinal Study
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Types | % | Mean Cq c | Mean gc d/mL of Sample e |
---|---|---|---|
(N b) | (Range) | (Range) | |
Oral fluids | 100% a | 32.96 a | 7.95 × 103 |
(9 of 9) | (28.02–38.28) | (2.64 × 105–2.39 × 102) | |
Pens | 75% a | 32.23 a | 1.60 × 104 |
(9 of 12) | (28.66–33.96) | (1.31 × 105–3.94 × 103) | |
Feeders | 100% a | 33.86 a | 3.94 × 103 |
(12 of 12) | (26.60–38.35) | (5.32 × 105–2.39 × 102) | |
Hallways | 100% | 32.61 | 7.95 × 103 |
(4 of 4) | (31.87–34.68) | (1.60 × 104–1.96 × 103) | |
Load-out chute | 100% | 30.34 | 6.51 × 104 |
(1 of 1) |
Age (wks a) | Fecal Swabs | Oropharyngeal Swabs | Oral Fluids | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | Mean Cq c | % | Mean Cq | % | Mean Cq | |
(N b) | (Range) | (N) | (Range) | (N) | (Range) | |
3 | 95% | 31.06 | 31% | 37.66 | NA d | NA d |
(61 of 64) | (16.78–38.88) | (20 of 64) | (32.34–39.27) | |||
5 | 17% | 35.68 | 2% | 36.22 | 88% | 32.92 |
(11 of 64) | (27.07–39.59) | (1 of 64) | - | (7 of 8) | (28.31–36.23) | |
7 | 47% | 33.63 | 5% | 37.77 | 100% | 31.95 |
(28 of 60) | (24.07–39.55) | (3 of 60) | (36.90–38.55) | (8 of 8) | (28.63–34.49) | |
9 | 28% | 34.85 | 2% | 36.57 | 100% | 31.73 |
(15 of 53) | (26.50–38.77) | (1 of 53) | - | (8 of 8) | (27.18–34.25) | |
11 | 88% | 34.29 | 24% | 37.01 | 100% | 32.20 |
(44 of 50) | (27.38–38.54) | (12 of 50) | (34.43–39.94) | (8 of 8) | (30.52–32.50) | |
16 | 20% | 36.37 | 2% | 36.54 | 75% | 36.14 |
(10 of 49) | (30.33–39.57) | (1 of 49) | - | (6 of 8) | (33.36–38.50) | |
21 | 4% | 37.37 | 0% | 0 | 75% | 35.73 |
(2 of 47) | (36.29–38.45) | (0 of 47) | - | (6 of 8) | (33.13–38.28) | |
25 | 41% | 34.57 | 4% | 37.70 | 100% | 34.23 |
(19 of 46) | (30.27–37.85) | (2 of 46) | (37.57–37.84) | (8 of 8) | (33.22–35.48) |
Age (wks a) | Pens | Feeders | Hallway | Load-Out Chute | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | Mean Cq c | % | Mean Cq | % | Mean Cq | % | Mean Cq | |
(N b) | (Range) | (N) | (Range) | (N) | (N) | |||
3 | 100% | 31.01 | 100% | 30.25 | 100% | 31.07 | 100% | 29.10 |
(8 of 8) | (29.33–32.43) | (8 of 8) | (27.19–34.70) | (1 of 1) | (1 of 1) | |||
5 | 63% | 32.83 | 88% | 32.17 | 100% | 29.89 | 100% | 30.28 |
(5 of 8) | (30.12–34.77) | (7 of 8) | (27.63–37.83) | (1 of 1) | (1 of 1) | |||
7 | 100% | 32.13 | 100% | 33.33 | 100% | 29.16 | 100% | 28.49 |
(8 of 8) | (27.11–36.57) | (8 of 8) | (29.50–35.34) | (1 of 1) | (1 of 1) | |||
9 | 88% | 34.14 | 88% | 33.23 | 100% | 33.78 | 100% | 35.37 |
(7 of 8) | (29.79–39.40) | (7 of 8) | (27.64–36.46) | (1 of 1) | (1 of 1) | |||
11 | 100% | 36.31 | 88% | 34.02 | 100% | 32.90 | 100% | 32.90 |
(8 of 8) | (33.80–39.97) | (7 of 8) | (33.01–37.02) | (1 of 1) | (1 of 1) | |||
16 | 88% | 34.69 | 75% | 35.35 | 100% | 35.79 | 100% | 33.41 |
(7 of 8) | (32.81–39.42) | (6 of 8) | (33.64–37.59) | (1 of 1) | (1 of 1) | |||
21 | 88% | 36.49 | 25% | 38.53 | 100% | 32.66 | 100% | 35.75 |
(7 of 8) | (34.67–38.20) | (2 of 8) | (38.08–38.97) | (1 of 1) | (1 of 1) | |||
25 | 75% | 35.63 | 100% | 35.99 | 100% | 35.89 | 100% | 34.00 |
(6 of 8) | (34.30–37.77) | (8 of 8) | (33.03–39.74) | (1 of 1) | (1 of 1) |
Sample Types | % | Mean Cq c | Mean gc d/mL of Samplee |
---|---|---|---|
(N b) | (Range) | (Range) | |
Pens | 88% a | 33.98 a | 3.94 × 103 |
(56 of 64) | (27.11–39.97) | (5.32 × 105–5.90 × 101) | |
Feeders | 83% a | 33.75 a | 3.94 × 103 |
(53 of 64) | (27.19–39.74) | (5.32 × 105–5.90 × 101) | |
Hallway | 100% a | 32.63 a | 7.95 × 103 |
(8 of 8) | (29.16–35.89) | (1.31 × 105–9.72 × 102) | |
Load-out chute | 100% a | 32.18 a | 1.60 × 104 |
(8 of 8) | (28.49–35.75) | (1.31 × 105–9.72 × 102) |
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Rawal, G.; Ferreyra, F.M.; Macedo, N.R.; Bradner, L.K.; Harmon, K.M.; Allison, G.; Linhares, D.C.L.; Arruda, B.L. Ecology of Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in a Herd with Associated Neurologic Disease. Viruses 2020, 12, 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090992
Rawal G, Ferreyra FM, Macedo NR, Bradner LK, Harmon KM, Allison G, Linhares DCL, Arruda BL. Ecology of Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in a Herd with Associated Neurologic Disease. Viruses. 2020; 12(9):992. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090992
Chicago/Turabian StyleRawal, Gaurav, Franco Matias Ferreyra, Nubia R. Macedo, Laura K. Bradner, Karen M. Harmon, Grant Allison, Daniel C. L. Linhares, and Bailey L. Arruda. 2020. "Ecology of Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in a Herd with Associated Neurologic Disease" Viruses 12, no. 9: 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090992
APA StyleRawal, G., Ferreyra, F. M., Macedo, N. R., Bradner, L. K., Harmon, K. M., Allison, G., Linhares, D. C. L., & Arruda, B. L. (2020). Ecology of Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in a Herd with Associated Neurologic Disease. Viruses, 12(9), 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090992