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10.3390/f13101720
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Article

Biodiagnostics of Resistance to the Copper (Cu) Pollution of Forest Soils at the Dry and Humid Subtropics in the Greater Caucasus Region

by
Sergey Kolesnikov
,
Anna Kuzina
,
Tatiana Minnikova
*,
Tigran Ter-Misyakyants
,
Elena Nevedomaya
,
Yulia Akimenko
,
Dmitry Trufanov
,
Kamil Kazeev
,
Marina Burachevskaya
,
Tatiana Minkina
,
Sudhir S. Shende
* and
Anatoly Barakhov
Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Named after D.I. Ivanovsky, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2022, 13(10), 1720; https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101720
Submission received: 11 September 2022 / Revised: 10 October 2022 / Accepted: 17 October 2022 / Published: 18 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollution, Heavy Metal, and Emerging Threats in Forest Soil)
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Abstract

Forest ecosystems perform important forestry and ecological functions. However, mining and processing companies cause significant soil contamination by heavy metals, in particular, copper (Cu). The resistance of nine types and subtypes of forest soils of the dry and humid subtropics in the Greater Caucasus region to Cu contamination at concentrations of 100, 1000, and 10,000 mg/kg was evaluated for the first time following the most sensitive and informative biological (microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic) indicators via a laboratory simulation study. Contamination was simulated under laboratory conditions. The series of forest soils was established following their resistance to Cu pollution: brown leached soils (Haplic Cambisols Eutric) = brown typical soils (Haplic Cambisols Eutric) > brown carbonate soils (Haplic Cambisols Eutric) = sod-carbonate typical soils (Rendzic Leptosols Eutric) ≥ yellow soils (Albic Luvisols Abruptic) ≥ leached sod-carbonate soils (Rendzic Leptosols Eutric) > brown forest slightly unsaturated soils (Haplic Cambisols Eutric) > acid brown forest soils (Haplic Cambisols Eutric) > acid brown forest podzolized soils (Haplic Cambisols Eutric). Regional environmentally safe standards for the Cu content in forest soils of the dry and humid subtropics of the Greater Caucasus were proposed: for brown typical soils, brown leached soils, brown carbonate soils, brown forest slightly unsaturated soils, sod-carbonate typical soils, leached sod-carbonate soils, and yellow soils, the rMPC was 100 mg/kg; for acid brown forest soils and acid brown forest podzolized soils, the rMPC was 70 mg/kg.
Keywords: pollution; copper (Cu); Haplic Cambisols Eutric; Rendzic Leptosols Eutric; Albic Luvisols Abruptic; biological activity of soil pollution; copper (Cu); Haplic Cambisols Eutric; Rendzic Leptosols Eutric; Albic Luvisols Abruptic; biological activity of soil

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kolesnikov, S.; Kuzina, A.; Minnikova, T.; Ter-Misyakyants, T.; Nevedomaya, E.; Akimenko, Y.; Trufanov, D.; Kazeev, K.; Burachevskaya, M.; Minkina, T.; et al. Biodiagnostics of Resistance to the Copper (Cu) Pollution of Forest Soils at the Dry and Humid Subtropics in the Greater Caucasus Region. Forests 2022, 13, 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101720

AMA Style

Kolesnikov S, Kuzina A, Minnikova T, Ter-Misyakyants T, Nevedomaya E, Akimenko Y, Trufanov D, Kazeev K, Burachevskaya M, Minkina T, et al. Biodiagnostics of Resistance to the Copper (Cu) Pollution of Forest Soils at the Dry and Humid Subtropics in the Greater Caucasus Region. Forests. 2022; 13(10):1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101720

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kolesnikov, Sergey, Anna Kuzina, Tatiana Minnikova, Tigran Ter-Misyakyants, Elena Nevedomaya, Yulia Akimenko, Dmitry Trufanov, Kamil Kazeev, Marina Burachevskaya, Tatiana Minkina, and et al. 2022. "Biodiagnostics of Resistance to the Copper (Cu) Pollution of Forest Soils at the Dry and Humid Subtropics in the Greater Caucasus Region" Forests 13, no. 10: 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101720

APA Style

Kolesnikov, S., Kuzina, A., Minnikova, T., Ter-Misyakyants, T., Nevedomaya, E., Akimenko, Y., Trufanov, D., Kazeev, K., Burachevskaya, M., Minkina, T., Shende, S. S., & Barakhov, A. (2022). Biodiagnostics of Resistance to the Copper (Cu) Pollution of Forest Soils at the Dry and Humid Subtropics in the Greater Caucasus Region. Forests, 13(10), 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101720

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