Construction of Pool-Boiling Curves for a CNT Buckypaper Layer on Copper Based on Reference Cu–LN₂ Curves

This study develops an operator-based method for constructing scenario-based boiling curves for a carbon nanotube buckypaper (BP) layer on copper in liquid nitrogen, using a reference Cu–LN${}_2$ characteristic. The reference curve is constructed using established cryogenic pool-boiling correlations, complemented by appropriate connections between the boiling regimes. The proposed operator transforms the reference characteristic to represent potential changes in boiling behavior associated with the BP layer. Two scenarios, moderately optimistic and optimistic, are considered for three surface orientations: $0^{\circ }$, ${90}^{\circ }$, and ${180}^{\circ }$. The resulting complete and continuous boiling curves can be used as boundary conditions in thermal and electrothermal models. The transformation parameters are scenario-based and require experimental calibration for the BP–Cu–LN${}_2$ system.