In Situ Observation of Deformation-Induced Spherical Grains in Semi-Solid State of C5191 Copper Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. HT-CLSM In-Situ Observation Experiment
2.3. Electron Backscattering Diffraction Analysis
3. Results
3.1. In Situ Microstructural Evolution of Deformed Alloy during the Heat Treatment Process
3.2. In Situ Microstructural Evolution of As-Received Alloy during the Heat Treatment Process
4. Discussion
4.1. Refinement Mechanism of Grains
4.2. Spheroidization Mechanism of Grains
4.3. Mechanism of Deformation-Induced Spherical Grains in Semi-Solid State
5. Conclusions
- HT-CLSM was used to in situ observe the rotary swaged material and raw material without deformation at the same heating cycle. Compared with the microstructural evolution of the two materials, the formation process of spherical grains of semi-solid material includes the following stages: static recrystallization occurred firstly to form equiaxed recrystallized grains, whereas following the intersection of grain boundaries and small grains melted priority. These liquid phases appeared isolated from each other in the equiaxed grain boundaries and grain inclusions at the early stage, and then liquid phase migration. When the temperature reaches the semi-solid state, spherical grains are formed. Finally, heterogeneous nucleation solidification and Zener pining hinder the free growth of spherical grains with temperature dropping.
- The mechanism formation of spherical grains is a synergetic mechanism of grain refinement and grain spheroidization, including static recrystallization, preferential melting of small grains and grain boundaries, heterogeneous nucleation in solidification, and the Zener pinning effect of second-phase particles during the SIMA process.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cao, M.; Wang, J.; Zhang, Q.; Huang, K. In Situ Observation of Deformation-Induced Spherical Grains in Semi-Solid State of C5191 Copper Alloy. Materials 2020, 13, 5496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235496
Cao M, Wang J, Zhang Q, Huang K. In Situ Observation of Deformation-Induced Spherical Grains in Semi-Solid State of C5191 Copper Alloy. Materials. 2020; 13(23):5496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235496
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Miao, Jucun Wang, Qi Zhang, and Ke Huang. 2020. "In Situ Observation of Deformation-Induced Spherical Grains in Semi-Solid State of C5191 Copper Alloy" Materials 13, no. 23: 5496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235496