Evolution of Legislation and the Incidence of Elective Abortion in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2020)

Pellico-López, Amada; Paz-Zulueta, María; Manjón-Rodríguez, Jimena B.; Sánchez Movellán, Mar; Ajo Bolado, Purificación; García-Vázquez, José; Cayón-De las Cuevas, Joaquín; Ruiz-Azcona, Laura

doi:10.3390/ijerph19159674

Open AccessArticle

Evolution of Legislation and the Incidence of Elective Abortion in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2020)

by

Amada Pellico-López

^1,2

,

María Paz-Zulueta

^1,3,*

,

Jimena B. Manjón-Rodríguez

⁴,

Mar Sánchez Movellán

⁵,

Purificación Ajo Bolado

⁵,

José García-Vázquez

⁶

,

Joaquín Cayón-De las Cuevas

^3,7,†

and

Laura Ruiz-Azcona

^1,8,†

¹

Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain

²

Cantabria Health Service, Avda. Derechos de la Infancia 31, 39340 Cantabria, Spain

³

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Grupo de Investigación en Derecho Sanitario y Bioética (GRIDES), C/Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Cantabria, Spain

⁴

Hospital Comarcal de Laredo, Avda. Derechos Humanos s/n, CP, 39770 Cantabria, Spain

⁵

Sección de Programas de Salud de la Mujer, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Gobierno de Cantabria, C/Federico Vial 13, 39009 Cantabria, Spain

⁶

Consejería de Salud de Asturias, C/Ciriaco Miguel Vigil, 9, CP, 33005 Oviedo, Spain

⁷

Departamento de Derecho Privado, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda, de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain

⁸

Global Health Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Shared senior authorship.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159674

Submission received: 22 July 2022 / Revised: 3 August 2022 / Accepted: 4 August 2022 / Published: 5 August 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Promotion and Behavioral Epidemiology)

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Abstract

Background: According to the WHO, “unsafe abortion occurs when a pregnancy is terminated either by people lacking the necessary skills or in an environment that does not conform to minimal medical standards, or both”. Aim: To review the legislation that ensures access to elective abortion and the main indicators of elective abortion in Spain. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted across all regions of Spain from 2011 to 2020. The regulations of each region on the creation of the clinical committee and the creation of the registry of conscientious objector professionals were identified. Data were collected on rates of elective abortions per 1000 women, type of health center where the intervention was performed, interval of weeks of gestation, and cause. Results: After Law 2/2010 entered into force, the Spanish regions created a clinical committee; however, very few regions have a registry of conscientious objectors. During the study period, the average annual rate in Spain was 11.10 elective abortions per 1000 women between 15 and 44 years of age, showing a decreasing trend (annual percentage change of −1.92%). Only 10.67% of abortions were performed at public centers. In 90.18% of the cases, abortions were performed at the woman’s request. Conclusion: Spain legislated late compared to most European Union countries. The current law is similar to that of other member states, allowing abortion at the woman’s request in the first fourteen weeks and thereafter for medical reasons. Most abortions are performed at private centers, although many territorial inequalities are observed.

Keywords: sexual health; legislation as topic; induced abortion; abortion; legal

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pellico-López, A.; Paz-Zulueta, M.; Manjón-Rodríguez, J.B.; Sánchez Movellán, M.; Ajo Bolado, P.; García-Vázquez, J.; Cayón-De las Cuevas, J.; Ruiz-Azcona, L. Evolution of Legislation and the Incidence of Elective Abortion in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2020). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9674. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159674

AMA Style

Pellico-López A, Paz-Zulueta M, Manjón-Rodríguez JB, Sánchez Movellán M, Ajo Bolado P, García-Vázquez J, Cayón-De las Cuevas J, Ruiz-Azcona L. Evolution of Legislation and the Incidence of Elective Abortion in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2020). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9674. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159674

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pellico-López, Amada, María Paz-Zulueta, Jimena B. Manjón-Rodríguez, Mar Sánchez Movellán, Purificación Ajo Bolado, José García-Vázquez, Joaquín Cayón-De las Cuevas, and Laura Ruiz-Azcona. 2022. "Evolution of Legislation and the Incidence of Elective Abortion in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2020)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9674. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159674

APA Style

Pellico-López, A., Paz-Zulueta, M., Manjón-Rodríguez, J. B., Sánchez Movellán, M., Ajo Bolado, P., García-Vázquez, J., Cayón-De las Cuevas, J., & Ruiz-Azcona, L. (2022). Evolution of Legislation and the Incidence of Elective Abortion in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2020). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9674. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159674

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Evolution of Legislation and the Incidence of Elective Abortion in Spain: A Retrospective Observational Study (2011–2020)

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