The authors would like to make the following corrections to this paper [1].
Regarding the median cumulative incidence of COVID-19 among residents of the nursing homes located in the western region of the province, we made a typographical error in the original article, writing 45% instead of 45.2%. Corrections have been made to the Abstract and Results sections.
In the original article, there was a mistake in Table 2 as published. The median cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases (%) [p25–p75] according to the geographical region where the nursing homes were located and according to the different infection control measures, was erroneously reported. The corrected
Table 2 appears below.
Table 2.
Association analyses between median cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases among residents and characteristics of the nursing homes that participated in the survey (N = 45).
In the original article, there was a mistake in Table 3 as published. The percentages of nursing homes were not assigned to the correct geographical regions in the two groups of nursing homes with and without confirmed COVID-19 cases. The corrected
Table 3 appears below.
Table 3.
Bivariate analyses for nursing homes in the province of Trento that reported COVID-19 cases and those that did not report any cases.
Finally, in the original article there was a mistake in Appendix A
Table A1 as published. The percentages of nursing homes were not assigned to the correct geographical regions. The corrected Appendix A
Table A1 appears below.
Table A1.
Main characteristics of the nursing homes (NH) in the province of Trento, by participation in the infection prevention and control survey.
Table A1.
Main characteristics of the nursing homes (NH) in the province of Trento, by participation in the infection prevention and control survey.
| Variable | NH
(N = 57) | Participation in the Survey | p |
|---|
| Yes (N = 45) | No (N = 12) |
|---|
Total residents #, n
Mean ± SD | 5145
90.3 ± 42.9 | 4158
92.4 ± 45.1 | 987
82.3 ± 33.7 | 0.399 * |
Total beds #, n
Mean ± SD | 5263
92.3 ± 43.5 | 4273
94.9 ± 45.7 | 990
82.5 ± 33.7 | 0.305 * |
| At least 1 resident COVID-19 case, n | 37 (64.9%) | 28 (75.7%) | 9 (24.3%) | 0.410 |
| Incidence of COVID-19 (%), median [p25–p75] ° | 4.8 [0–40] | 2.9 [0–39] | 17 [1.2–46] | 0.605 |
| Facility size | | | | 0.697 |
| Small–medium (≤70 beds), n | 21 (36.8%) | 16 (35.6%) | 5 (41.7%) | |
| Large (>70 beds), n | 36 (63.2%) | 29 (64.4%) | 7 (58.3%) | |
| General characteristics | | | | |
| NH with special care units, n | 27 (47.4%) | 22 (48.9%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.656 |
| NH with dementia care units, n | 14 (24.6%) | 13 (28.9%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.142 |
| NH with care units for complex clinical problems, n | 13 (22.8%) | 9 (20%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.328 |
| Conformity to structural quality standards (yes), n | 32 (56.1%) | 25 (55.6%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.863 |
| Metropolitan status | | | | 0.025 |
| Urban, n | 18 (31.6%) | 11 (24.4%) | 7 (58.3%) | |
| Rural, n | 39 (68.4%) | 34 (75.6%) | 5 (41.7%) | |
| Geographical region | | | | 0.274 |
| North, n | 8 (14%) | 5 (11.1%) | 3 (25%) | |
| South, n | 21 (36.8%) | 15 (33.3%) | 6 (50%) | |
| East, n | 16 (28.1%) | 14 (31.1%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
| West, n | 12 (21.1%) | 11 (24.4%) | 1 (8.3%) | |
The authors state that apart from the indicated issues, the values reported in the original article are correct. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. The original article has been updated.
Reference
- Cazzoletti, L.; Zanolin, M.E.; Tocco Tussardi, I.; Alemayohu, M.A.; Zanetel, E.; Visentin, D.; Fabbri, L.; Giordani, M.; Ruscitti, G.; Benetollo, P.P.; et al. Risk Factors Associated with Nursing Home COVID-19 Outbreaks: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
Table 2.
Association analyses between median cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases among residents and characteristics of the nursing homes that participated in the survey (N = 45).
| Variable | Median Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 Cases (%) [p25–p75] | p |
|---|
| Facility size | | 0.930 |
| Small–medium (≤70 beds), (16) | 1.8 [0–48] | |
| Large (>70 beds), (29) | 7.4 [0–36] | |
| General characteristics | | |
| Special care units | | 0.174 |
| yes (22) | 19 [0–40] | |
| no (23) | 1.1 [0–39] | |
| Dementia | | 0.421 |
| yes (13) | 14 [0–45] | |
| no (32) | 1.6 [0–37] | |
| Complex clinical problems | | 0.444 |
| yes (9) | 24 [0.53–36] | |
| no (36) | 1.8 [0–40] | |
| Conformity to quality standards | | 0.990 |
| yes (25) | 1.6 [0–42] | |
| no (20) | 10 [0–32] | |
| Metropolitan status | | 0.567 |
| Urban (11) | 0.53 [0–36] | |
| Rural (34) | 3.8 [0–42] | |
| Geographical region | | 0.002 |
| North (5) | 1.1 [0–44.6] | |
| South (15) | 0 [0–24.2] | |
| East (14) | 0.8 [0–4.8] | |
| West (11) | 45.2 [24–55.9] | |
| Infection control measures |
| Specific training on infection control and prevention | | 0.388 |
| yes (11) | 14 [0–47.9] | |
| no (34) | 1.8 [0–28.1] | |
| Presence of a committee for infection control and prevention | | 0.081 |
| yes (3) | 47.9 [14–54.8] | |
| no (42) | 1.8 [0–35.9] | |
| Procedure for management of residents with suspected communicable diseases | | 0.871 |
| yes (32) | 4.4 [0–39] | |
| no (13) | 1.9 [0.5–35.9] | |
| Policies for management of personnel at risk of infection | | 0.341 |
| yes (23) | 1.6 [0–28] | |
| no (22) | 13.5 [0–44.6] | |
| Training of staff on the management of occupational exposures to biohazards | | 0.952 |
| yes (32) | 3.8 [0–39.4] | |
| no (13) | 1.9 [0–35.9] | |
| Established infection surveillance program | | 0.749 |
| yes (19) | 2.9 [0–24.5] | |
| no (26) | 3.3 [0–42] | |
| Training of staff on the correct hand hygiene procedure | | 0.553 |
| yes (43) | 2.9 [0–38.5] | |
| no (2) | 23.1 [1.6–44.6] | |
| Procedure on standard and additional precautions | | 0.365 |
| yes (35) | 1.6 [0–40.3] | |
| no (10) | 18.6 [1.9–38.5] | |
| Training of staff on the correct use of PPE | | 0.301 |
| yes (33) | 4.8 [0–40.3] | |
| no (12) | 0.8 [0–30] | |
| Availability of hand hygiene supplies | | 0.571 |
| yes (33) | 1.6 [0–35.9] | |
| no (12) | 8.8 [0–44.9] | |
| Training of staff on how to prevent the spread of respiratory infections | | 0.269 |
| yes (21) | 4.8 [0–24.5] | |
| no (24) | 2.4 [0–44.9] | |
| Compliance with operations of routine and terminal cleaning/sanitation/disinfection | | 0.553 |
| yes (37) | 1.9 [0–38.5] | |
| no (8) | 9.4 [0.8–40] | |
| Regular checks of the quality of the cleaning/sanitation/disinfection | | 0.918 |
| yes (37) | 2.9 [0–35.9] | |
| no (8) | 14.1 [0–43.3] | |
| Official protocols/procedures on | | |
| infection control and prevention | | 0.123 |
| yes (19) | 24 [0–45.2] | |
| no (26) | 1.6 [0–24.2] | |
| Outbreak management | | 0.087 |
| yes (5) | 0 [0–0] | |
| no (40) | 5.4 [0–40.3] | |
| Hand hygiene | | 0.915 |
| yes (43) | 2.9 [0–40.3] | |
| no (2) | 7.8 [1.6–14] | |
| use of PPE | | 0.742 |
| yes (42) | 3.8 [0–40.3] | |
| no (3) | 0.5 [0–38.5] | |
| Isolation measures | | 0.941 |
| yes (25) | 2.9 [0–40] | |
| no (20) | 3.3 [0.3–24.2] | |
| Sanitation | | 0.408 |
| yes (33) | 1.6 [0–40.3] | |
| no (12) | 9.4 [0.8–31.4] | |
Table 3.
Bivariate analyses for nursing homes in the province of Trento that reported COVID-19 cases and those that did not report any cases.
| Variable | Confirmed COVID-19 Cases | p |
|---|
| Yes (N = 37) | No (N = 20) | |
|---|
| Residents, mean ± SD | 95.8 ± 47.8 | 80.0 ± 30.3 | 0.188 |
| Beds, mean ± SD | 96.7 ± 48.0 | 84.2 ± 33.0 | 0.306 |
| Facility size | | | 0.716 |
| Small–medium (≤70 beds), n | 13 (35.1%) | 8 (40%) | |
| Large (>70 beds), n | 24 (64.9%) | 12 (60%) | |
| General characteristics | | | |
| Special care units | | | 0.169 |
| yes, n | 20 (54%) | 7 (35%) | |
| no, n | 17 (45%) | 13 (65%) | |
| Dementia | | | 0.749 |
| yes, n | 10 (27%) | 4 (20%) | |
| no, n | 27 (73%) | 16 (80%) | |
| Complex clinical problems | | | 0.346 |
| yes, n | 10 (27%) | 3 (15%) | |
| no, n | 27 (73%) | 17 (85%) | |
| Conformity to quality standards | | | 0.492 |
| yes, n | 22 (59.5%) | 10 (50%) | |
| no, n | 15 (40.5%) | 10 (50%) | |
| Metropolitan status | | | 0.683 |
| Urban, n | 11 (29.7%) | 7 (35%) | |
| Rural, n | 26 (70.1%) | 13 (65%) | |
| Geographical region | | | 0.100 |
| North, n | 6 (16.2%) | 2 (10%) | |
| South, n | 12 (32.4%) | 9 (45%) | |
| East, n | 8 (21.6%) | 8 (40%) | |
| West, n | 11 (29.7%) | 1 (5%) | |
| Single-occupancy rooms | | | |
| (% over total rooms per facility), median [p25–p75] | 18 [13–34] | 27 [12–32] | 0.620 |
| Full-time equivalent nurses, median [p25–p75] | 9.8 [7.3–14] | 9 [7–10] | 0.391 |
| Full-time equivalent physicians, median [p25–p75] | 1 [0.7–1.4] | 1 [1–1] | 0.732 |
| Full-time equivalent aid staff, median [p25–p75] | 37 [30–64] | 38 [28–52] | 0.622 |
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