Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin

Liu, Yuepeng; Yang, Chuanfeng; Yu, Xinyang; Wang, Mengwen; Qi, Wei

doi:10.3390/ijerph182111032

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin

by

Yuepeng Liu

¹

,

Chuanfeng Yang

^1,2,

Xinyang Yu

¹,

Mengwen Wang

^1,3 and

Wei Qi

^1,*

¹

College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China

²

Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Yixing County, Wuxi 214200, China

³

School of Economics and Management, Taishan University, Tai’an 271000, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11032; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111032

Submission received: 3 September 2021 / Revised: 12 October 2021 / Accepted: 13 October 2021 / Published: 20 October 2021

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Abstract

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the landscape patterns and non-point source (NPS) pollution distribution in Qixia County, China. The sub-basin classification was conducted based on a digital elevation model and Landsat8 satellite images. Water samples were collected from each sub-basin, andtheir water quality during the wet and dry seasons was estimated. The correlation between the landscape indices and water pollution indicators was determined by Pearson analysis. The location-weighted landscape contrast index (LWLCI) was calculated based on the “source-sink” theory. Qixia was further divided into five sections based on the LWLCI score to illustrate the potential risk of NPS pollution. The results showed that the water quality in Qixia County was generally good. Cultivated land, orchards, construction areas, and unused land were positively correlated with the water pollution index and weredesignated as the “source” landscape categories, while forests, grasslands, and water bodies, which were negatively correlated with water pollution, were the “sink” landscapes; the LWCI was high in 36.94% of the study area. In these areas, measures such as increasing vegetation buffer zones are necessary to decrease the sediment and nutrient loads carried by precipitation.

Keywords: non-point source pollution; “source-sink” theory; location weighted landscape contrast index (LWLCI); landscape patterns

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, Y.; Yang, C.; Yu, X.; Wang, M.; Qi, W. Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111032

AMA Style

Liu Y, Yang C, Yu X, Wang M, Qi W. Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111032

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Yuepeng, Chuanfeng Yang, Xinyang Yu, Mengwen Wang, and Wei Qi. 2021. "Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111032

APA Style

Liu, Y., Yang, C., Yu, X., Wang, M., & Qi, W. (2021). Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111032

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Monitoring the Landscape Pattern and Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution in a Mountainous River Basin

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