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Prevalence of Suboptimal Health Status and the Relationships between Suboptimal Health Status and Lifestyle Factors among Chinese Adults Using a Multi-Level Generalized Estimating Equation Model

by 1,*, 2 and 1
1
Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
2
Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(3), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030763
Received: 2 January 2020 / Revised: 21 January 2020 / Accepted: 22 January 2020 / Published: 25 January 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Public Health Statistics and Risk Assessment)
This study examined the prevalence of suboptimal health among Chinese adults based on a large-scale national survey and clarified the relationship between suboptimal health and lifestyle factors. We used multi-level generalized estimating equation models to examine the relationships between suboptimal health and lifestyle factors. Of the 48,978 respondents, 34,021 reported one or more suboptimal health symptoms, giving a suboptimal health status prevalence of 69.46%. After controlling for the cluster effect of living areas and confounding effect of demographic characteristics, factors associated with suboptimal health were: current smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 1.083, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055–1.111), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.075, 95% CI: 1.025–1.127), family history of disease (OR = 1.203, 95% CI: 1.055–1.111), sleeping <6 h per day (OR = 1.235, 95% CI: 1.152–1.256), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.594, 95% CI: 1.515–1.676), stress (OR = 1.588, 95% CI: 1.496–1.686), negative life events (OR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.045–1.187), unhealthy diet choices (OR = 1.093, 95% CI: 1.033–1.156), and not regularly having meals at fixed hours (OR = 1.231, 95% CI: 1.105–1.372). Respondents who exercised regularly had lower odds of having suboptimal health status (OR = 0.913, 95% CI: 0.849–0.983). Suboptimal health has become a serious public health challenge in China. The health status of the population could be effectively improved by improving lifestyle behaviors. View Full-Text
Keywords: suboptimal health; prevalence; lifestyle; generalized estimating equation model suboptimal health; prevalence; lifestyle; generalized estimating equation model
MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, T.; Zhu, G.; Han, S. Prevalence of Suboptimal Health Status and the Relationships between Suboptimal Health Status and Lifestyle Factors among Chinese Adults Using a Multi-Level Generalized Estimating Equation Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030763

AMA Style

Xu T, Zhu G, Han S. Prevalence of Suboptimal Health Status and the Relationships between Suboptimal Health Status and Lifestyle Factors among Chinese Adults Using a Multi-Level Generalized Estimating Equation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030763

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Tao, Guangjin Zhu, and Shaomei Han. 2020. "Prevalence of Suboptimal Health Status and the Relationships between Suboptimal Health Status and Lifestyle Factors among Chinese Adults Using a Multi-Level Generalized Estimating Equation Model" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030763

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