Effect of a Single Nutritional Intervention Previous to a Critical Period of Fat Gain in University Students with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures and Instrumentation
2.4. Body Composition Measurements: Primary Outcome
2.5. Feeding Questionnaires and Food Guide Recommendations: Secondary Outcome
2.6. Physical Activity Level: Seconday Outcome
2.7. Intervention
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Fat Mass
3.2. Nutritional Questionnaires
3.3. Accelerometry
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | All (n = 23) | CG (n = 11) | IG (n = 12) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 20.91 ± 2.52 | 20.00 ± 1.41 | 21.75 ± 3.05 | 0.097 |
Weight (kg) | 84.88 ± 14.88 | 85.04 ± 12.95 | 84.74 ± 17.03 | 0.963 |
Height (cm) | 167.18 ± 10.18 | 165.15 ± 7.50 | 169.04 ± 12.18 | 0.372 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.31 ± 4.26 | 31.14 ± 4.11 | 29.55 ± 4.42 | 0.383 |
Fat mass (kg) | 31.20 ± 9.99 | 32.10 ± 9.78 | 30.37 ± 10.55 | 0.687 |
Global Food Index | 60.98 ± 14.88 | 56.14 ± 16.23 | 65.42 ± 12.60 | 0.139 |
KIDMED | 5.17 ± 3.10 | 4.46 ± 3.24 | 5.83 ± 2.95 | 0.297 |
FGR | 2.91 ± 2.15 | 2.00 ± 2.19 | 3.75 ± 1.82 | 0.049 * |
Accelerometry | All (n = 17) | CG (n = 10) | IG (n = 7) | |
Sedentary time (min/day) | 555.48 ± 75.32 | 560.83 ± 86.39 | 547.84 ± 61.79 | 0.739 |
LIPA (min/day) | 253.15 ± 77.05 | 248.50 ± 62.28 | 259.80 ± 99.63 | 0.777 |
MVPA (min/day) | 45.62 ± 23.97 | 52.52 ± 24.78 | 35.76 ± 20.46 | 0.162 |
Steps (steps/day) | 8606 ± 3073 | 9118 ± 3568 | 7875 ± 2241 | 0.429 |
Recommendations | CG | IG | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | No | Yes | ||
Decrease food intake. | 4 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 1.000 † |
Decrease sugary drinks and liquor. | 7 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 1.000 † |
Increase the level of physical activity. | 10 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 0.003 †,* |
Do not add mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, etc. | 3 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 0.059 ‡ |
Eat one typical food per day. | 4 | 7 | 2 | 10 | 0.371 † |
Increase salad intake. | 2 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 0.089 † |
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Hernández-Jaña, S.; Huber-Pérez, T.; Palma-Leal, X.; Guerrero-Ibacache, P.; Campos-Nuñez, V.; Zavala-Crichton, J.P.; Jorquera-Aguilera, C.; Sadarangani, K.P.; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, F.; Cristi-Montero, C. Effect of a Single Nutritional Intervention Previous to a Critical Period of Fat Gain in University Students with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145149
Hernández-Jaña S, Huber-Pérez T, Palma-Leal X, Guerrero-Ibacache P, Campos-Nuñez V, Zavala-Crichton JP, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Sadarangani KP, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Cristi-Montero C. Effect of a Single Nutritional Intervention Previous to a Critical Period of Fat Gain in University Students with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(14):5149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145149
Chicago/Turabian StyleHernández-Jaña, Sam, Tamara Huber-Pérez, Ximena Palma-Leal, Paola Guerrero-Ibacache, Valentina Campos-Nuñez, Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton, Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera, Kabir P. Sadarangani, Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez, and Carlos Cristi-Montero. 2020. "Effect of a Single Nutritional Intervention Previous to a Critical Period of Fat Gain in University Students with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145149