NMDA Receptor Antagonists Degrade Lipofuscin via Autophagy in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture and Reagents
2.2. A2E Degradation Assay
2.3. Cell Viability Assay
2.4. Confocal Microscopy
2.5. BL-Induced RPE Damage Model in ARPE-19 Cells
2.6. RNA Interference and Transfection
2.7. Western Blotting
2.8. Measurement of Autophagic Flux
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Ro 25-6981 Reduces A2E in ARPE-19 Cells
3.2. Activation of Autophagy by Ro 25-6981 in ARPE-19 Cells
3.3. Ro 25-6981 Restores Autophagy in ARPE-19 Cells Damaged by A2E and BL
3.4. Inhibition of NMDA Signaling Is Involved in Autophagy Activation and A2E Degradation in ARPE-19 Cells
3.5. Inhibition of A2E Toxicity by Ro 25-6981 in ARPE-19 Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lee, J.R.; Jeong, K.W. NMDA Receptor Antagonists Degrade Lipofuscin via Autophagy in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Medicina 2022, 58, 1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081129
Lee JR, Jeong KW. NMDA Receptor Antagonists Degrade Lipofuscin via Autophagy in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Medicina. 2022; 58(8):1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081129
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jae Rim, and Kwang Won Jeong. 2022. "NMDA Receptor Antagonists Degrade Lipofuscin via Autophagy in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells" Medicina 58, no. 8: 1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081129