Variations in Subscapularis Muscle Innervation—A Report on Case Series
1
Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
2
Fraunhofer IWU, Medical Branch, 01187 Dresden, Germany
3
Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
4
Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
5
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2020, 56(10), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100532
Received: 31 August 2020
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Revised: 29 September 2020
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Accepted: 10 October 2020
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Published: 12 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Variational Anatomy and Developmental Anomalies in Clinical Practice)
Background and objectives: The subscapularis muscle is typically innervated by two distinct nerve branches, namely the upper and lower subscapular nerve. These usually originate from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. A large number of variations have been described in previous literature. Materials and Methods: Dissection was carried out in 31 cadaveric specimens. The frequency of accessory subscapular nerves was assessed and the distance from the insertion points of these nerves to the myotendinous junction was measured. Results: Accessory subscapular nerves were found in three cases (9.7%). According to their origin from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus proximal to the thoracodorsal nerve all three nerves were identified as accessory upper subscapular nerves. No accessory lower subscapular nerves were found. Conclusion: Accessory nerves occur rather commonly and need to be considered during surgery, nerve blocks, and imaging procedures.
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Keywords:
anatomical variation; lower subscapular nerve; subscapularis; muscle innervation; upper subscapular nerve
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MDPI and ACS Style
Siwetz, M.; Hammer, N.; Ondruschka, B.; Kieser, D.C. Variations in Subscapularis Muscle Innervation—A Report on Case Series. Medicina 2020, 56, 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100532
AMA Style
Siwetz M, Hammer N, Ondruschka B, Kieser DC. Variations in Subscapularis Muscle Innervation—A Report on Case Series. Medicina. 2020; 56(10):532. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100532
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiwetz, Martin, Niels Hammer, Benjamin Ondruschka, and David C. Kieser. 2020. "Variations in Subscapularis Muscle Innervation—A Report on Case Series" Medicina 56, no. 10: 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100532
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