Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Classification, Biological Function and Application in Biotechnology

Sobhan Ghafourian; Mohammad Raftari; Nourkhoda Sadeghifard; Zamberi Sekawi

doi:10.21775/cimb.016.009

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7 May 2013

Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Classification, Biological Function and Application in Biotechnology

and

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.2014, 16(1), 9-14;https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.016.009

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Abstract

The toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are systems in which an unstable antitoxin inhibits a stable toxin. This review aims to introduce the TA system and its biological application in bacteria. For this purpose, first we introduce a new classification for the TA systems based on how the antitoxin can neutralize the toxin, we then describe the functions of TA systems and finally review the application of these systems in biotechnology.

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