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Article

Biopolymer Development from Agro-Food and Aquaculture By-Products with Antioxidant Hydrolysates of Cyprinus carpio, Produced via Enzymatic Preparations of Pineapple and Papaya

by
Guadalupe López-García
1,
Octavio Dublán-García
1,*,
Francisco Antonio López-Medina
1,
Ana Gabriela Morachis-Valdez
1,
Karinne Saucedo-Vence
1,2,
Daniel Arizmendi-Cotero
1,2,
Daniel Díaz-Bandera
1,
Gerardo Heredia-García
1,
Angel Santillán-Álvarez
3,
Luis Alberto Cira-Chávez
4 and
Baciliza Quintero-Salazar
5
1
Laboratorio de Alimentos y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carr. Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km. 15, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca 50200, Mexico
2
Dirección de Procesos Alimentarios y Química en Alimentos, Área de Biotecnología, Unidad Académica de Capulhuac, Universidad Tecnológica del Valle de Toluca (UTVT), Calle s/n, 611 Oriente de Colonia, Lomas de San Juan, Municipio, Capulhuac de Mirafuentes 52700, Mexico
3
División de Gastronomía, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM), Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Valle de Bravo, Km. 30 de la Carretera Nacional Federal Monumento-Valle de Bravo, Ejido de San Antonio de La Laguna, Valle de Bravo 51200, Mexico
4
Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Calle 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Centro, Urb. No. 1, Cd Obregón 85000, Mexico
5
Facultad de Turismo y Gastronomía, Campus “El Rosedal”, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km. 14.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010148
Submission received: 11 November 2025 / Revised: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 15 December 2025 / Published: 23 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insights into Agrifood Waste Valorization: From By-Products to Sustainable Resources)
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Abstract

This study describes the development of a biodegradable biopolymer formulated from protein–polysaccharide matrices enriched with antioxidant hydrolysates obtained from Cyprinus carpio by-products. The hydrolysates were produced through targeted enzymatic hydrolysis using plant-derived proteases, yielding peptide fractions with relevant radical-scavenging activity. Molecular characterization (DSC) confirmed the presence of thermal stability suitable for cold-chain applications, while the resulting biopolymer displayed flexible and cohesive structural behavior. The material was evaluated as an edible coating for raspberries stored at 4 °C. Coatings containing the hydrolysates, particularly those generated with bromelain, more effectively slowed physicochemical deterioration, modulated oxidative reactions, and helped to preserve nutritional quality during storage. These findings indicate that integrating bioactive peptide hydrolysates into biodegradable polymer networks enhances their functional performance, offering a sustainable approach for food preservation and valorization of agro-aquaculture residues.
Keywords: biopolymer; protein hydrolysates; Cyprinus carpio; enzymatic hydrolysis; antioxidant activity; circular economy biopolymer; protein hydrolysates; Cyprinus carpio; enzymatic hydrolysis; antioxidant activity; circular economy

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MDPI and ACS Style

López-García, G.; Dublán-García, O.; López-Medina, F.A.; Morachis-Valdez, A.G.; Saucedo-Vence, K.; Arizmendi-Cotero, D.; Díaz-Bandera, D.; Heredia-García, G.; Santillán-Álvarez, A.; Cira-Chávez, L.A.; et al. Biopolymer Development from Agro-Food and Aquaculture By-Products with Antioxidant Hydrolysates of Cyprinus carpio, Produced via Enzymatic Preparations of Pineapple and Papaya. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010148

AMA Style

López-García G, Dublán-García O, López-Medina FA, Morachis-Valdez AG, Saucedo-Vence K, Arizmendi-Cotero D, Díaz-Bandera D, Heredia-García G, Santillán-Álvarez A, Cira-Chávez LA, et al. Biopolymer Development from Agro-Food and Aquaculture By-Products with Antioxidant Hydrolysates of Cyprinus carpio, Produced via Enzymatic Preparations of Pineapple and Papaya. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(1):148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010148

Chicago/Turabian Style

López-García, Guadalupe, Octavio Dublán-García, Francisco Antonio López-Medina, Ana Gabriela Morachis-Valdez, Karinne Saucedo-Vence, Daniel Arizmendi-Cotero, Daniel Díaz-Bandera, Gerardo Heredia-García, Angel Santillán-Álvarez, Luis Alberto Cira-Chávez, and et al. 2026. "Biopolymer Development from Agro-Food and Aquaculture By-Products with Antioxidant Hydrolysates of Cyprinus carpio, Produced via Enzymatic Preparations of Pineapple and Papaya" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 1: 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010148

APA Style

López-García, G., Dublán-García, O., López-Medina, F. A., Morachis-Valdez, A. G., Saucedo-Vence, K., Arizmendi-Cotero, D., Díaz-Bandera, D., Heredia-García, G., Santillán-Álvarez, A., Cira-Chávez, L. A., & Quintero-Salazar, B. (2026). Biopolymer Development from Agro-Food and Aquaculture By-Products with Antioxidant Hydrolysates of Cyprinus carpio, Produced via Enzymatic Preparations of Pineapple and Papaya. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010148

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