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Molecular Insights into Agrifood Waste Valorization: From By-Products to Sustainable Resources

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1552

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
Interests: antiviral compounds; novel foods; edible insects; nutraceuticals and functionalized foods
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Every year, billions of tons of food waste are generated globally. In recent years, processed and ultra-processed foods have been greatly consumed. Every production stage has the potential to produce food waste, which damages the environment and causes important economic costs. Some of the by-products produced still have nutraceutical or nutritious value that can be upcycled into novel products. Understanding by-products’ composition and the molecular mechanisms at the basis of their activity is fundamental for the circular economy, with benefits for the environment and global health. Organic waste can be used to recover antioxidant compounds like polyphenols, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids, which can reduce free radical formation and prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, cancer, and neuroinflammation.

This Special Issue of IJMS will focus on advances in valorizing waste derived from the agrifood industry, with particular emphasis on elucidating the mechanisms of action of by-products with biological activity. Agrifood by-products can be a source of antioxidants and secondary metabolites with beneficial effects on human health, including antimicrobial compounds or inhibitors of specific enzymes associated with pathologies like diabetes, cancer, and hypertension. Papers focusing on the purification and elucidation of the mechanisms of action of compounds with cosmetic and nutraceutical applications are welcomed.

Dr. Elena Dreassi
Dr. Annalaura Brai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • by-products
  • antimicrobials
  • nutraceuticals
  • food industry
  • circular economy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 4471 KB  
Article
Functionalization of Tenebrio molitor with Olive Mill Wastewater: Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Metabolomic Insights
by Annalaura Brai, Giuseppe Galeone, Alessio Maccianti, Federica Poggialini, Chiara Vagaggini and Elena Dreassi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(7), 3201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27073201 - 1 Apr 2026
Viewed by 344
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OWWs) are a phenol-rich by-product of olive oil production, associated with high disposal costs and significant environmental impact. This study evaluated the effects of OWW supplementation on Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML) reared on standard cereal-based substrates. Larval survival was not [...] Read more.
Olive mill wastewaters (OWWs) are a phenol-rich by-product of olive oil production, associated with high disposal costs and significant environmental impact. This study evaluated the effects of OWW supplementation on Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML) reared on standard cereal-based substrates. Larval survival was not affected, but average body weight was significantly reduced in all OWW-treated groups, indicating a measurable impact on growth. Metabolomic profiling revealed alterations in amino acid, carbohydrate, and organic acid contents, including reductions in branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, trehalose, and Krebs cycle intermediates, particularly in groups with the strongest growth reduction. Lipid analysis showed stable saturated fatty acids, a shift from polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fatty acids, and an increase in total fat in the most affected groups. Despite the lack of enhancement in polyphenol accumulation or antioxidant activity, multivariate analysis highlighted distinct metabolic signatures between OWW-treated and control larvae, with sucrose, lactate, and fumarate identified as key discriminant metabolites. These findings demonstrate that OWW, a valorized olive oil by-product, can modulate growth and metabolism in TML, opening new perspectives for its application in innovative weight management strategies. Full article
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30 pages, 6037 KB  
Article
Biopolymer Development from Agro-Food and Aquaculture By-Products with Antioxidant Hydrolysates of Cyprinus carpio, Produced via Enzymatic Preparations of Pineapple and Papaya
by Guadalupe López-García, Octavio Dublán-García, Francisco Antonio López-Medina, Ana Gabriela Morachis-Valdez, Karinne Saucedo-Vence, Daniel Arizmendi-Cotero, Daniel Díaz-Bandera, Gerardo Heredia-García, Angel Santillán-Álvarez, Luis Alberto Cira-Chávez and Baciliza Quintero-Salazar
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010148 - 23 Dec 2025
Viewed by 703
Abstract
This study describes the development of a biodegradable biopolymer formulated from protein–polysaccharide matrices enriched with antioxidant hydrolysates obtained from Cyprinus carpio by-products. The hydrolysates were produced through targeted enzymatic hydrolysis using plant-derived proteases, yielding peptide fractions with relevant radical-scavenging activity. Molecular characterization (DSC) [...] Read more.
This study describes the development of a biodegradable biopolymer formulated from protein–polysaccharide matrices enriched with antioxidant hydrolysates obtained from Cyprinus carpio by-products. The hydrolysates were produced through targeted enzymatic hydrolysis using plant-derived proteases, yielding peptide fractions with relevant radical-scavenging activity. Molecular characterization (DSC) confirmed the presence of thermal stability suitable for cold-chain applications, while the resulting biopolymer displayed flexible and cohesive structural behavior. The material was evaluated as an edible coating for raspberries stored at 4 °C. Coatings containing the hydrolysates, particularly those generated with bromelain, more effectively slowed physicochemical deterioration, modulated oxidative reactions, and helped to preserve nutritional quality during storage. These findings indicate that integrating bioactive peptide hydrolysates into biodegradable polymer networks enhances their functional performance, offering a sustainable approach for food preservation and valorization of agro-aquaculture residues. Full article
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