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Review

Challenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination

by
Daria A. Naumova
1,2,
Tatyana Krokunova
1,2,
Denis Maksimov
1,2,
Olga N. Mityaeva
1,2,*,
Ekaterina A. Astakhova
1,2 and
Pavel Yu Volchkov
1,2,*
1
Federal Research Center for Original and Prospective Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia
2
Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Street, 20, Moscow 123592, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(2), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020816
Submission received: 6 December 2024 / Revised: 10 January 2025 / Accepted: 17 January 2025 / Published: 19 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Molecular Immunology 2024)
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Abstract

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are non-pathogenic, replication-deficient viruses that have gained widespread attention for their application as gene therapy vectors. While these vectors offer high transduction efficiency and long-term gene expression, the host immune response poses a significant challenge to their clinical success. This review focuses on the obstacles to evaluating the humoral response to AAVs. We discuss the problems with the validation of in vitro tests and the possible approaches to overcome them. Using published data on neutralizing titers of AAV serotypes, we built the first antigenic maps of AAVs in order to visualize the antigenic relationships between varying serotypes.
Keywords: AAV; neutralizing antibodies; antigenic cartography; anti-AAV antibodies; humanized models; NHP models; mice models AAV; neutralizing antibodies; antigenic cartography; anti-AAV antibodies; humanized models; NHP models; mice models

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MDPI and ACS Style

Naumova, D.A.; Krokunova, T.; Maksimov, D.; Mityaeva, O.N.; Astakhova, E.A.; Volchkov, P.Y. Challenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020816

AMA Style

Naumova DA, Krokunova T, Maksimov D, Mityaeva ON, Astakhova EA, Volchkov PY. Challenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(2):816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020816

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naumova, Daria A., Tatyana Krokunova, Denis Maksimov, Olga N. Mityaeva, Ekaterina A. Astakhova, and Pavel Yu Volchkov. 2025. "Challenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 2: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020816

APA Style

Naumova, D. A., Krokunova, T., Maksimov, D., Mityaeva, O. N., Astakhova, E. A., & Volchkov, P. Y. (2025). Challenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(2), 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020816

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