Titanium Wear of Dental Implants from Placement, under Loading and Maintenance Protocols
1
Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant-, Phototherapy (LA-PIP), School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA
2
Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
3
Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(3), 1067; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031067
Received: 17 December 2020
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Revised: 5 January 2021
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Accepted: 19 January 2021
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Published: 21 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
The objective of this review was to analyze the process of wear of implants leading to the shedding of titanium particles into the peri-implant hard and soft tissues. Titanium is considered highly biocompatible with low corrosion and toxicity, but recent studies indicate that this understanding may be misleading as the properties of the material change drastically when titanium nanoparticles (NPs) are shed from implant surfaces. These NPs are immunogenic and are associated with a macrophage-mediated inflammatory response by the host. The literature discussed in this review indicates that titanium NPs may be shed from implant surfaces at the time of implant placement, under loading conditions, and during implant maintenance procedures. We also discuss the significance of the micro-gap at the implant-abutment interface and the effect of size of the titanium particles on their toxicology. These findings are significant as the titanium particles can have adverse effects on local soft and hard tissues surrounding implants, implant health and prognosis, and even the health of systemic tissues and organs.
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Keywords:
nanoparticles; peri-implantitis; titanium
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MDPI and ACS Style
Romanos, G.E.; Fischer, G.A.; Delgado-Ruiz, R. Titanium Wear of Dental Implants from Placement, under Loading and Maintenance Protocols. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031067
AMA Style
Romanos GE, Fischer GA, Delgado-Ruiz R. Titanium Wear of Dental Implants from Placement, under Loading and Maintenance Protocols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(3):1067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031067
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomanos, Georgios E., Gerard A. Fischer, and Rafael Delgado-Ruiz. 2021. "Titanium Wear of Dental Implants from Placement, under Loading and Maintenance Protocols" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3: 1067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031067
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