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Volume 22
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10.3390/ijms22010205
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Review

Novel Perspectives Regarding the Pathology, Inflammation, and Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

by
Pradeesh Sivapalan
*,
Barbara Bonnesen
and
Jens-Ulrik Jensen
Respiratory Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(1), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010205
Submission received: 2 December 2020 / Revised: 22 December 2020 / Accepted: 24 December 2020 / Published: 28 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Lung Injury – New Insights into the Mechanisms and Emerging Therapies 2.0)
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Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammation of the lung resulting from damage to the alveolar–capillary membrane, and it is diagnosed using a combination of clinical and physiological variables. ARDS develops in approximately 10% of hospitalised patients with pneumonia and has a mortality rate of approximately 40%. Recent research has identified several biomarkers associated with ARDS pathophysiology, and these may be useful for diagnosing and monitoring ARDS. They may also highlight potential therapeutic targets. This review summarises our current understanding of those clinical biomarkers: (1) biomarkers of alveolar and bronchiolar injury, (2) biomarkers of endothelial damage and coagulation, and (3) biomarkers for treatment responses.
Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome; biomarkers; inflammation; molecular pathway; therapeutics acute respiratory distress syndrome; biomarkers; inflammation; molecular pathway; therapeutics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sivapalan, P.; Bonnesen, B.; Jensen, J.-U. Novel Perspectives Regarding the Pathology, Inflammation, and Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010205

AMA Style

Sivapalan P, Bonnesen B, Jensen J-U. Novel Perspectives Regarding the Pathology, Inflammation, and Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(1):205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010205

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sivapalan, Pradeesh, Barbara Bonnesen, and Jens-Ulrik Jensen. 2021. "Novel Perspectives Regarding the Pathology, Inflammation, and Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1: 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010205

APA Style

Sivapalan, P., Bonnesen, B., & Jensen, J.-U. (2021). Novel Perspectives Regarding the Pathology, Inflammation, and Biomarkers of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010205

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