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Article

The Cytotoxic Effect of Apis mellifera Venom with a Synergistic Potential of Its Two Main Components—Melittin and PLA2—On Colon Cancer HCT116 Cell Lines

by
Carole Yaacoub
1,2,†,
Mariam Rifi
1,†,
Dany El-Obeid
3,
Hiba Mawlawi
1,4,
Jean-Marc Sabatier
5,
Bruno Coutard
2 and
Ziad Fajloun
1,6,*
1
Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
2
Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
3
Faculty of Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Beirut 2832, Lebanon
4
Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
5
Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 51, Université Aix-Marseille, Institut de NeuroPhysiopathologie, UMR 7051, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, CEDEX 15, 13344 Marseille, France
6
Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Lebanese University, Ras Maska 1352, Lebanon
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
The authors contribute equally to this work.
Molecules 2021, 26(8), 2264; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082264
Submission received: 16 March 2021 / Revised: 5 April 2021 / Accepted: 12 April 2021 / Published: 14 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Molecules in Drug Discovery and Pharmacology)
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Abstract

Colon carcinogenesis is ranked second globally among human diseases after cardiovascular failures. Bee venom (BV) has been shown to possess in vitro anticancer effects against several types of cancer cells. The two main biopeptides of Apis mellifera BV, namely, melittin (MEL) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), are suspected to be the biomolecules responsible for the anticancer activity. The present work aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the A. mellifera venom on human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116), and to assess the synergistic effect of MEL and PLA2 on these cells. After analyzing, through high-pressure liquid chromatography, the proportions of MEL and PLA2 on BV, we have established a cell viability assay to evaluate the effect of BV, MEL, PLA2, and a mixture of MEL and PLA2 on the HCT116 cells. Results obtained showed a strong cytotoxicity effect induced by the A. mellifera venom and to a lower extent MEL or PLA2 alone. Remarkably, when MEL and PLA2 were added together, their cytotoxic effect was greatly improved, suggesting a synergistic activity on HCT116 cells. These findings confirm the cytotoxic effect of the A. mellifera venom and highlight the presence of synergistic potential activities between MEL and PLA2, possibly inducing membrane disruption of HCT116 cancer cells. Altogether, these results could serve as a basis for the development of new anticancer treatments.
Keywords: Apis mellifera; bee venom; melittin; PLA2; in vitro anticancer effect; HCT116 cell lines Apis mellifera; bee venom; melittin; PLA2; in vitro anticancer effect; HCT116 cell lines

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yaacoub, C.; Rifi, M.; El-Obeid, D.; Mawlawi, H.; Sabatier, J.-M.; Coutard, B.; Fajloun, Z. The Cytotoxic Effect of Apis mellifera Venom with a Synergistic Potential of Its Two Main Components—Melittin and PLA2—On Colon Cancer HCT116 Cell Lines. Molecules 2021, 26, 2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082264

AMA Style

Yaacoub C, Rifi M, El-Obeid D, Mawlawi H, Sabatier J-M, Coutard B, Fajloun Z. The Cytotoxic Effect of Apis mellifera Venom with a Synergistic Potential of Its Two Main Components—Melittin and PLA2—On Colon Cancer HCT116 Cell Lines. Molecules. 2021; 26(8):2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082264

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaacoub, Carole, Mariam Rifi, Dany El-Obeid, Hiba Mawlawi, Jean-Marc Sabatier, Bruno Coutard, and Ziad Fajloun. 2021. "The Cytotoxic Effect of Apis mellifera Venom with a Synergistic Potential of Its Two Main Components—Melittin and PLA2—On Colon Cancer HCT116 Cell Lines" Molecules 26, no. 8: 2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082264

APA Style

Yaacoub, C., Rifi, M., El-Obeid, D., Mawlawi, H., Sabatier, J.-M., Coutard, B., & Fajloun, Z. (2021). The Cytotoxic Effect of Apis mellifera Venom with a Synergistic Potential of Its Two Main Components—Melittin and PLA2—On Colon Cancer HCT116 Cell Lines. Molecules, 26(8), 2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082264

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