Saponins with Neuroprotective Effects from the Roots of Pulsatilla cernua
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δC | δH | δC | δH | δC | δH | δC | δH | ||
C3- | glc″″-1 | 104.8 | 5.15(1H,d,7.8) | ||||||
ara-1 | 105.1 | 4.61(1H,d,6.0) | 104.7 | 4.91(1H,d,6.0) | 2 | 74.5 | 3.95(1H,m) | ||
2 | 75.7 | 4.15(1H,m) | 75.5 | 4.42(1H,m) | 3 | 78.0 | 4.20(1H,m) | ||
3 | 73.8 | 4.33(1H,m) | 74.1 | 4.55(1H,m) | 4 | 71.2 | 4.89(1H,brs) | ||
4 | 79.1 | 4.74(1H,dd,2.4,9.6) | 80.7 | 4.30(1H,m) | 5 | 78.2 | 4.10(1H,m) | ||
5 | 65.1 | 3.69(1H,d,11), 4.40(1H,m) | 66.4 | 3.62(1H,d,6.0), 4.20(1H,m) | 6 | 62.2 | 4.27(1H,m), 4.53(1H,m) | ||
glc-1 | 106.4 | 5.10(1H,d,7.8) | 105.0 | 4.99(1H,d,7.8) | C28- | ||||
2 | 75.3 | 4.15(1H,m) | 74.6 | 4.02(1H,m) | glc″-1 | 95.4 | 6.22(1H,d,7.8) | 95.8 | 6.14(1H,d,7.8) |
3 | 78.2 | 4.19(1H,m) | 78.6 | 4.20(1H,m) | 2 | 74.3 | 4.15(1H,m) | 74.2 | 4.15(1H,m) |
4 | 71.0 | 4.85(1H,m) | 71.6 | 4.20(1H,m) | 3 | 78.5 | 4.40(1H,m) | 78.9 | 4.40(1H,m) |
5 | 78.5 | 3.90(1H,m) | 78.4 | 3.90(1H,m) | 4 | 70.6 | 4.20(1H,m) | 71.0 | 4.33(1H,m) |
6 | 62.3 | 4.37(1H,m), 4.53(1H,m) | 62.5 | 4.25(1H,m), 4.45(1H,m) | 5 | 77.8 | 3.90(1H,m) | 78.4 | 3.92(1H,m) |
rha-1 | 101.3 | 6.19(1H,brs) | 101.3 | 6.13(1H,brs) | 6 | 69.0 | 4.34(1H,m), 4.63(1H,m) | 69.4 | 4.33(1H,m), 4.82(1H,m) |
2 | 71.4 | 4.90(1H,m) | 72.0 | 4.65(1H,m) | glc″′-1 | 104.6 | 4.96(1H,d,7.2) | 103.1 | 4.90(1H,d,7.8) |
3 | 83.0 | 4.74(1H,dd,2.4,9.6) | 83.8 | 4.69(1H,dd,6.0,12.0) | 2 | 75.1 | 3.95(1H,m) | 74.9 | 3.93(1H,m) |
4 | 72.7 | 4.50(1H,m) | 73.2 | 4.35(1H,m) | 3 | 76.5 | 4.15(1H,m) | 76.7 | 4.13(1H,m) |
5 | 69.5 | 4.95(1H,m) | 69.6 | 4.65(1H,m) | 4 | 78.0 | 4.10(1H,m) | 78.2 | 4.09(1H,m) |
6 | 18.3 | 1.52(3H,d,6.0) | 18.6 | 1.50(3H,d,6.0) | 5 | 76.9 | 3.61(1H,d,9.0) | 77.3 | 3.57(1H,d,9.0) |
glc′-1 | 106.3 | 5.42(1H,d,7.8) | 106.7 | 5.11(1H,d,7.8) | 6 | 61.0 | 4.05(1H,m), 4.17(1H,m) | 61.5 | 4.05(1H,m), 4.15(1H,m) |
2 | 75.2 | 3.95(1H,m) | 75.8 | 3.90(1H,m) | rha′-1 | 102.5 | 5.84(1H,brs) | 102.4 | 5.76(1H,brs) |
3 | 76.5 | 4.30(1H,m) | 76.7 | 4.30(1H,m) | 2 | 72.3 | 4.69(1H,m) | 72.7 | 4.65(1H,m) |
4 | 81.0 | 4.35(1H,m) | 69.7 | 4.40(1H,m) | 3 | 72.5 | 4.50(1H,m) | 72.9 | 4.55(1H,m) |
5 | 76.3 | 4.10(1H,m) | 77.0 | 4.10(1H,m) | 4 | 73.7 | 4.30(1H,m) | 74.1 | 4.35(1H,m) |
6 | 61.7 | 3.84(1H,m), 4.43(1H,m) | 62.0 | 3.84(1H,m), 4.43(1H,m) | 5 | 70.1 | 4.31(1H,m) | 70.5 | 4.93(1H,m) |
6 | 18.3 | 1.66(3H,d,6.0) | 18.7 | 1.61(3H,d,6.0) |
2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δC | δH | δC | δH | δC | δH | δC | δH | ||
C3- | glc′-1 | 106.4 | 5.40(1H,d,7.8) | 106.7 | 5.39(1H, O) | ||||
ara-1 | 105.2 | 4.76(1H,d,6.0) | 104.9 | 4.95(1H,d,6.0) | 2 | 75.4 | 3.90(1H,m) | 75.4 | 3.90(1H,m) |
2 | 75.2 | 4.49(1H,m) | 75.3 | 4.49(1H,m) | 3 | 78.2 | 4.19(1H,m) | 78.2 | 4.20(1H,m) |
3 | 74.0 | 4.29(1H,m) | 74.0 | 4.25(1H,m) | 4 | 71.7 | 4.85(1H,m) | 71.8 | 4.25(1H,m) |
4 | 81.9 | 4.22(1H,m) | 82.0 | 4.19(1H,m) | 5 | 78.2 | 4.15(1H,m) | 78.2 | 4.15(1H,m) |
5 | 65.8 | 3.75(1H,d,30), 4.16(1H,m) | 66.6 | 3.60(1H,m), 4.18(1H,m) | 6 | 61.8 | 4.38(1H,m), 4.49(1H,m) | 61.8 | 4.36(1H,m), 4.42(1H,m) |
glc-1 | 104.9 | 5.11(1H,d,7.2) | 105.1 | 5.06(1H,d,7.8) | C28- | ||||
2 | 73.9 | 4.10(1H,m) | 72.6 | 4.49(1H,m) | glc″-1 | 95.6 | 6.21(1H, O) | 95.7 | 6.20(1H,d,8.4) |
3 | 78.2 | 4.19(1H,m) | 78.2 | 4.15(1H,m) | 2 | 74.7 | 4.15(1H,m) | 74.9 | 4.15(1H,m) |
4 | 71.2 | 4.40(1H,m) | 71.0 | 4.25(1H,m) | 3 | 78.6 | 4.39(1H,m) | 78.8 | 4.45(1H,m) |
5 | 77.0 | 4.00(1H,m) | 76.8 | 4.00(1H,m) | 4 | 70.8 | 4.25(1H,m) | 70.8 | 4.25(1H,m) |
6 | 68.5 | 3.91(1H,m), 4.58(1H,m) | 68.6 | 3.90(1H,m), 4.57(1H,d,9.0) | 5 | 78.0 | 4.00(1H,m) | 78.2 | 3.90(1H,m) |
rha″-1 | 102.7 | 5.39(1H,brs) | 102.8 | 5.37(1H,brs) | 6 | 69.1 | 4.32(1H,m), 4.60(1H,m) | 69.2 | 4.29(1H,m), 4.63(1H,m) |
2 | 71.8 | 3.90(1H,m) | 72.0 | 4.85(1H,m) | glc″′-1 | 104.8 | 4.96(1H, O) | 104.9 | 4.92(1H, O) |
3 | 71.8 | 4.85(1H,m) | 72.0 | 4.65(1H,m) | 2 | 75.2 | 3.95(1H,m) | 75.3 | 3.95(1H,m) |
4 | 73.9 | 4.29(1H,m) | 73.1 | 4.44(1H,m) | 3 | 76.4 | 4.13(1H,m) | 76.5 | 4.15(1H,m) |
5 | 69.8 | 4.25(1H,m) | 69.9 | 4.21(1H,m) | 4 | 78.1 | 4.10(1H,m) | 78.2 | 4.00(1H,m) |
6 | 18.4 | 1.49(3H,d,6.0) | 18.5 | 1.51(3H,d,6.0) | 5 | 77.1 | 3.61(1H,d,12) | 77.2 | 3.62(1H,m) |
rha-1 | 101.4 | 6.23(1H,brs) | 101.4 | 6.23(1H,brs) | 6 | 61.2 | 4.05(1H,m), 4.17(1H,m) | 61.3 | 4.05(1H,m), 4.17(1H,m) |
2 | 71.6 | 4.25(1H,m) | 71.7 | 3.90(1H,m) | rha′-1 | 102.7 | 5.85(1H,brs) | 102.9 | 5.81(1H,brs) |
3 | 83.5 | 4.70(1H,m) | 83.5 | 4.75(1H,dd,3.0,9.6) | 2 | 72.5 | 4.63(1H,m) | 72.6 | 4.65(1H,m) |
4 | 73.0 | 4.43(1H,m) | 72.8 | 4.17(1H,m) | 3 | 72.7 | 4.49(1H,m) | 72.8 | 4.50(1H,m) |
5 | 69.6 | 4.59(1H,m) | 69.7 | 4.06(1H,m) | 4 | 73.8 | 4.30(1H,m) | 73.9 | 4.28(1H,m) |
6 | 18.5 | 1.54(3H,d,6.0) | 18.7 | 1.55(3H,d,6.0) | 5 | 70.2 | 4.90(1H,m) | 70.4 | 4.91(1H,m) |
6 | 18.4 | 1.67(3H,d,6.0) | 18.6 | 1.66(3H,d,6.0) |
3. Experimental
3.1. General
3.2. Plant Material
3.3. Extraction and Isolation
3.4. Spectral Data
3.5. Acid Hydrolysis and GC Analysis
3.6. Cell Culture
3.7. Determination of Cell Viability
3.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References and Notes
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Liu, J.-Y.; Guan, Y.-L.; Zou, L.-B.; Gong, Y.-X.; Hua, H.-M.; Xu, Y.-N.; Zhang, H.; Yu, Z.-G.; Fan, W.-H. Saponins with Neuroprotective Effects from the Roots of Pulsatilla cernua. Molecules 2012, 17, 5520-5531. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17055520
Liu J-Y, Guan Y-L, Zou L-B, Gong Y-X, Hua H-M, Xu Y-N, Zhang H, Yu Z-G, Fan W-H. Saponins with Neuroprotective Effects from the Roots of Pulsatilla cernua. Molecules. 2012; 17(5):5520-5531. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17055520
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Jian-Yu, Ying-Li Guan, Li-Bo Zou, Yi-Xia Gong, Hui-Ming Hua, Yong-Nan Xu, Hui Zhang, Zong-Gui Yu, and Wen-Hao Fan. 2012. "Saponins with Neuroprotective Effects from the Roots of Pulsatilla cernua" Molecules 17, no. 5: 5520-5531. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17055520