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Volume 9
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10.3390/toxics9040086
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Article

Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry

by
Na-Rae Choi
1,
Yong-Jun Yoon
2,
Ki-Tae Park
2,
Ki-Ae Kim
1,
Yong-Pyo Kim
3,
Yun-Gyong Ahn
4,* and
Ji-Yi Lee
1,*
1
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
2
Division of Polar Climate Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
3
Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
4
Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2021, 9(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9040086
Submission received: 8 March 2021 / Revised: 12 April 2021 / Accepted: 13 April 2021 / Published: 17 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical Chemistry of Air Pollution)
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Abstract

The quantification and identification of saccharides in pristine marine aerosols can provide useful information for determining the contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of the aerosol. However, individual saccharide compounds in pristine marine aerosols that exist in trace amounts are difficult to analyze due to their low concentrations. Thus, in this study, we applied gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to analyze the particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) samples, and the results were compared with those of conventional GC-MS. To investigate the chemical properties of pristine marine aerosols, 12 PM2.5 samples were collected while aboard Araon, an ice-breaking research vessel (IBRV), as it sailed from Incheon, South Korea to Antarctica. The method detection limits of GC-MS/MS for 10 saccharides were 2–22-fold lower than those of GC-MS. Consequently, the advantages of GC-MS/MS include (1) more distinct peak separations, enabling the accurate identification of the target saccharides and (2) the quantification of all individual saccharide compounds with concentrations outside the quantifiable range of GC-MS. Accordingly, the time resolution for sampling saccharides in pristine marine aerosols can be improved with GC-MS/MS.
Keywords: Antarctica; marine aerosol; gas chromatography; tandem mass spectrometry; saccharides; IBRV Araon Antarctica; marine aerosol; gas chromatography; tandem mass spectrometry; saccharides; IBRV Araon

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MDPI and ACS Style

Choi, N.-R.; Yoon, Y.-J.; Park, K.-T.; Kim, K.-A.; Kim, Y.-P.; Ahn, Y.-G.; Lee, J.-Y. Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Toxics 2021, 9, 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9040086

AMA Style

Choi N-R, Yoon Y-J, Park K-T, Kim K-A, Kim Y-P, Ahn Y-G, Lee J-Y. Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Toxics. 2021; 9(4):86. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9040086

Chicago/Turabian Style

Choi, Na-Rae, Yong-Jun Yoon, Ki-Tae Park, Ki-Ae Kim, Yong-Pyo Kim, Yun-Gyong Ahn, and Ji-Yi Lee. 2021. "Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry" Toxics 9, no. 4: 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9040086

APA Style

Choi, N.-R., Yoon, Y.-J., Park, K.-T., Kim, K.-A., Kim, Y.-P., Ahn, Y.-G., & Lee, J.-Y. (2021). Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Toxics, 9(4), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9040086

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