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19 pages, 2890 KB  
Article
Optimizing the Microscopic Structure of MIL-68(Al) by Co-Doping for Pollutant Removal and Mechanism
by Wenju Peng, Wenjie Yang, Meng Wang, Lin Zhang, Xianxiang Liu and Yaoyao Zhang
Catalysts 2025, 15(9), 900; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15090900 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Four different MIL-68(Al) catalysts were synthesized and characterized by XPS, SEM, TEM, XRD, DLS, Nitrogen adsorption removal, and other methods. An aluminum-based MOF (Metal Organic Framework) (MIL-68(Al))/graphite oxide (GO) composite with TiO2 showed the largest BET specific area with best adsorption performance. [...] Read more.
Four different MIL-68(Al) catalysts were synthesized and characterized by XPS, SEM, TEM, XRD, DLS, Nitrogen adsorption removal, and other methods. An aluminum-based MOF (Metal Organic Framework) (MIL-68(Al))/graphite oxide (GO) composite with TiO2 showed the largest BET specific area with best adsorption performance. Representation demonstrated that MIL-68(Al) and TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the GO lamellar, and a tight heterojunction structure is formed between them. The MIL-68(Al)/GO/TiO2 exhibits good pore characteristics, structural morphology, and catalytic performance. Adsorption experiments of methyl orange can reach 99.7% with the effect of MIL-68(Al)/GO/TiO2 in water for 20 min. Moreover, the pH range can be applied to 1–13 and a high concentration of 200 mg/L methyl orange solution also worked well. In addition, this kind of catalyst can also be used for rhodamine B, methylene blue, congo red, and tetracycline in 20 min with good adsorption. Meanwhile, simple filtration can quickly recover MIL-68(Al)/GO/TiO2 and effectively reuse it. Free radical capture experiments showed a large number of •OH radicals during the adsorption of MO (Methyl Orange) solution by MIL-68(Al)/GO/TiO2. Meanwhile, the electrostatic interaction, π-π packing and hydrogen bonding make MIL-68(Al)/GO/TiO2 have a higher adsorption capacity for MO. Therefore, co-doping optimized the structure of MIL-68(Al), enhancing its stability in strong acids and bases while improving adsorption performance across a broader pH range than previously reported. This work addresses the instability of MIL-68(Al) under extreme conditions, demonstrating its significant potential for wastewater treatment applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue TiO2 Photocatalysts: Design, Optimization and Application)
18 pages, 81615 KB  
Article
Experiments of Network Literacy for Urban Designers: Bridging Information Design and Spatial Morphology
by Dario Rodighiero
Land 2025, 14(9), 1901; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14091901 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Urban morphology has long been studied through typologies, spatial configurations, and historical change, yet cities are not static artifacts but dynamic environments continually reshaped by people, infrastructures, and politics. This article brings Actor–Network Theory (ANT) into dialogue with Aldo Rossi’s notion of the [...] Read more.
Urban morphology has long been studied through typologies, spatial configurations, and historical change, yet cities are not static artifacts but dynamic environments continually reshaped by people, infrastructures, and politics. This article brings Actor–Network Theory (ANT) into dialogue with Aldo Rossi’s notion of the locus to rethink urban design as both enduring form and relational process. Building on Manuel Lima’s taxonomy, the study develops a methodological workflow that translates street networks into visualizations, pairing embeddings with topographic maps to highlight structural patterns. Applied to a comparative set of cities, the analysis distinguishes three broad morphological tendencies—archetypal, geometrical, and relational—each reflecting different logics of urban organization. The results show how scale and connectivity condition the interpretability of embeddings, revealing both alignments and divergences between cartographic and topological representations. Beyond empirical findings, the article frames network literacy as a meeting ground for design theory, science and technology studies, and information visualization. It concludes by proposing that advancing urban morphology today requires not only new computational tools but also sustained interdisciplinary collaboration across design, urban studies, and data science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Morphology: A Perspective from Space (Second Edition))
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18 pages, 1345 KB  
Article
Comparative Dermoscopic Analysis of Melanoma In Situ Versus Thin Invasive Melanoma Considering BRAF Mutational Status
by Iulia Zboraș, Loredana Ungureanu, Simona Corina Șenilă, Orsolya Ildikó Gaál, Ștefana-Anamaria Gligor-Popa, Doinița Crișan, Sergiu Șușman, Ștefan Cristian Vesa and Rodica Cosgarea
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(18), 6554; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14186554 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: BRAF mutation is the most frequent somatic mutation in melanoma. The BRAF mutational status is crucial in selecting systemic therapy for advanced melanoma. Another important consideration is whether a melanoma is in situ or invasive. If this aspect could be known [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: BRAF mutation is the most frequent somatic mutation in melanoma. The BRAF mutational status is crucial in selecting systemic therapy for advanced melanoma. Another important consideration is whether a melanoma is in situ or invasive. If this aspect could be known before the first surgical intervention, the appropriate surgical margins could be chosen from the beginning and a second surgical step could be avoided. Could the dermoscopic image predict the BRAF mutational status? Could it also predict if a melanoma is in situ or invasive? Methods: This retrospective study included 50 patients with 52 melanomas. The mutational status of the BRAF gene was determined, and the dermoscopic images were analysed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the BRAF-mutant melanoma group and the BRAF wild-type melanoma group. However, there were statistically significant differences between the dermoscopic images of melanomas in situ and thin invasive melanomas (≤1 mm Breslow thickness). Irregular dots or globules (p = 0.008), a blue-white veil (p = 0.011), milky red areas (p = 0.008), dotted vessels (p = 0.04), and linear irregular vessels (p = 0.016) were all more frequently present in thin invasive melanomas compared to melanomas in situ. Conclusions: Dermoscopy could predict whether a melanoma is in situ or invasive, but it could not predict the mutational BRAF status in the present study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Diseases: From Diagnosis to Treatment)
14 pages, 403 KB  
Article
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Commonly Used Pesticides on Cervical Contractions in Pregnant Cows, In Vitro
by Michal Hubert Wrobel
Toxics 2025, 13(9), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090793 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Organochlorine insecticides (DDTs), organophosphate insecticides (malathion), carbamate insecticides (carbaryl and thiram), pyrethroid (cypermethrin and fenvalarate) insecticides, and herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) were selected for this study because they disrupt cervical and myometrial function in the bovine oestrous cycle. However, their potential to affect [...] Read more.
Organochlorine insecticides (DDTs), organophosphate insecticides (malathion), carbamate insecticides (carbaryl and thiram), pyrethroid (cypermethrin and fenvalarate) insecticides, and herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) were selected for this study because they disrupt cervical and myometrial function in the bovine oestrous cycle. However, their potential to affect reproductive success in cattle during pregnancy has not been directly confirmed. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the investigated pesticides on cervical contractions in pregnant cows. Cervical strips from cows at 4–6 months of gestation were treated with the eight singular pesticides (used at non-toxic, environmental dose) or oestradiol (E2) under two different conditions (37.5 °C for 24 h and 4 °C for 48 h), which were applied to assess pesticide effects under both physiological and prolonged-exposure settings. The strength of the contractions was then measured. The findings of the study demonstrated that both the carbamates and glyphosate increased the force of cervical strip contractions to a greater extent than cypermethrin. In contrast, fenvalerate was observed to induce a state of cervical relaxation, analogous to the effects of E2, while DDT, malathion and atrazine exerted no effect on cervical motor function during the period of pregnancy under investigation. These preliminary findings indicate a potential impact of pesticides on cervical function during pregnancy, but should be interpreted with caution as they are based on isolated tissue at a single concentration. Further in vivo and dose–response studies are needed to confirm their biological and clinical relevance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Reproductive Toxicology)
29 pages, 6553 KB  
Article
AI-Driven Morphological Classification of the Italian School Building Stock: Towards a Deep Energy Renovation Roadmap
by Giacomo Caccia, Matteo Cavaglià, Fulvio Re Cecconi, Andrea Giovanni Mainini, Marta Maria Sesana and Elisa Di Giuseppe
Energies 2025, 18(18), 4953; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18184953 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
The Italian school building stock is largely outdated, with structural and technological inadequacies leading to low comfort and high energy consumption. Addressing this challenge requires large-scale renovation supported by an integrated, data-driven approach. This study conducted a nationwide analysis of over 40,000 school [...] Read more.
The Italian school building stock is largely outdated, with structural and technological inadequacies leading to low comfort and high energy consumption. Addressing this challenge requires large-scale renovation supported by an integrated, data-driven approach. This study conducted a nationwide analysis of over 40,000 school buildings. After incomplete or inconsistent records were filtered out, a refined subset was selected. Building forms were reconstructed by cross-referencing GIS data with multiple open data sources. Using supervised machine learning, the research identifies and classifies recurring morphological patterns to define a set of 3D school building archetypes. These archetypes are enriched with spatial configurations and physical characteristics aligned with national educational standards. The result is a macrotypological classification based on form, conceived as part of an operational tool to support policymakers, designers, and public administrations in selecting effective retrofit strategies. This contributes to the creation of large-scale national renovation strategies, as well as Renovation Roadmaps and Digital Building Logbooks in line with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD IV), specifically tailored to the Italian context. The novelty of this work lies in its unprecedented scale and the use of AI to enable fast, replicable assessments of retrofit potential, thereby supporting informed decisions in energy-efficient renovation planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F5: Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy)
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12 pages, 458 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Clinical Outcome and Survival Under Application of Various Therapies at First Recurrence in Patients with Glioblastoma
by Marion Rapp, Hannah Fischer, Julia Steinmann, Michael Sabel and Franziska Staub-Bartelt
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(18), 6550; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14186550 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients exhibit a median overall survival of 12–18 months post-diagnosis, with disease recurrence typically emerging within 6–9 months. Due to the absence of standardized therapeutic protocols at recurrence, management is highly individualized. This study comprehensively evaluates overall survival (OS) time [...] Read more.
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients exhibit a median overall survival of 12–18 months post-diagnosis, with disease recurrence typically emerging within 6–9 months. Due to the absence of standardized therapeutic protocols at recurrence, management is highly individualized. This study comprehensively evaluates overall survival (OS) time to subsequent progression, and clinical status evolution following diverse interventions for first GBM recurrence. Methods: Data from 350 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The entire cohort was divided into the following four groups: (A) patients with no further therapy at recurrence, (B) combined re-radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide with or without lomustine or other individual medication, (C) surgery without re-adjuvant treatment, and (D) surgery and at least one cycle of chemotherapy or re-radiation or a combination. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests. Additionally, various regression analyses were performed. Results: Patients receiving invasive therapeutic regimens with or without adjuvant re-therapy (groups C and D) demonstrated significantly prolonged OS (p < 0.001) alongside superior Karnofsky performance status (KPS) at both 3-month (p = 0.016) and 6-month (p < 0.001) intervals post-intervention. Multivariate analysis confirmed surgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and radiotherapy as independent positive predictors of OS (respective p-values: <0.001, <0.001, and 0.048). Notably, surgical resection significantly improved clinical status (p < 0.001), whereas radiotherapy had a significant negative effect on clinical status (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Contrary to the prevailing hypothesis that survival extension through extensive therapy at recurrence necessitates compromised clinical status, our findings demonstrate that contemporary recurrence therapies—particularly multimodal approaches—simultaneously enhance both OS and functional outcomes in GBM patients. This paradigm challenges conventional expectations of therapeutic trade-offs at disease recurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)
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21 pages, 1251 KB  
Systematic Review
Health Literacy and Interventions on Antibiotics Use and AMR in Younger Generations in High-Income Countries—A Systematic Review
by Katja Molan, Anamarija Zore and Nevenka Kregar Velikonja
Antibiotics 2025, 14(9), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14090940 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to global health, accelerated by the widespread inappropriate use of antibiotics. Although educational initiatives have been launched worldwide, there is little evidence on how younger generations in high-income countries (HICs) understand and address AMR. Addressing the [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to global health, accelerated by the widespread inappropriate use of antibiotics. Although educational initiatives have been launched worldwide, there is little evidence on how younger generations in high-income countries (HICs) understand and address AMR. Addressing the AMR crisis requires proactive education of younger generations, including children, adolescents, and young adults, who will shape future healthcare practices. This review analyzes existing research on AMR literacy among these age groups in HICs, as knowledge gaps and risky behaviors persist even in HICs, despite their strong education and health infrastructures. The purpose of this review is to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in younger generations while identifying effective educational interventions. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed until June 2025, followed by AI-assisted screening (Claude 4.0 Sonnet) and a manual review. The search strategy combined terms from the areas of health literacy, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance/AMR, and young populations. Studies in HICs that examined the younger generation’s knowledge about antibiotics and AMR, analyzed their attitudes or behavior toward them, or evaluated relevant educational interventions were included. Data were synthesized thematically across all included studies. Results: Nineteen studies from 11 HICs were included, including thirteen cross-sectional surveys and six educational intervention studies. The results showed that misconceptions about how antibiotics work are still very common. Several of those asked (22–80%) incorrectly stated that resistance develops in the human body and not in bacteria. Many (26–77%) mistakenly agreed with the statement that antibiotics treat viral infections. Concerning behaviors included high rates of self-medication, non-adherence to treatment, and unsafe storage practices. Several authors propose an amendment of curricula. Educational interventions, particularly gamification and peer education approaches, showed improvements in knowledge and sustained learning outcomes. Conclusions: Knowledge of AMR among young people in HICs is still inadequate, despite educational advantages. Most existing studies focus on college students, while children and adolescents, crucial groups for early prevention, are underrepresented. Targeted, age-appropriate education employing interactive methods represents an evidence-based strategy to improve antibiotic use behavior and support global AMR control efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Primary Care Setting: From Understanding to Informing Interventions)
25 pages, 4066 KB  
Article
Fertility-Based Nitrogen Management Strategies Combined with Straw Return Enhance Rice Yield and Soil Quality in Albic Soils
by Qiuju Wang, Xuanxuan Gao, Baoguang Wu, Jingyang Li, Xin Liu, Jiahe Zou and Qingying Meng
Agriculture 2025, 15(18), 1964; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15181964 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Low productivity in albic soils often results in excessive nitrogen input, while straw return further increases nitrogen accumulation through decomposition. To address this issue, a three-year field experiment was conducted in albic soils of high, medium, and low fertility. Two nitrogen management strategies [...] Read more.
Low productivity in albic soils often results in excessive nitrogen input, while straw return further increases nitrogen accumulation through decomposition. To address this issue, a three-year field experiment was conducted in albic soils of high, medium, and low fertility. Two nitrogen management strategies were assessed: nitrogen addition and reduction. Addition treatments included conventional nitrogen application rate alone (N), straw return (8250 kg ha−1) with conventional nitrogen application rate (SN), and straw return with increased nitrogen (SN+). Reduction treatments comprised SN and straw return with 10%, 20%, and 30% reduced nitrogen (SN0.9, SN0.8, and SN0.7). Soil physical properties, nutrient content, and rice yield were evaluated. Results showed that SN0.9 exhibited advantages in high-fertility albic soils, as it increased rice yield and improved some soil quality while reducing the nitrogen input by 10%. However, yield under SN0.9 declined progressively over the three years, indicating limitations of long-term application. SN performed better than both N and SN+ in medium- and low-fertility albic soils, offering better yield and soil quality improvements. However, nitrogen overaccumulation risk under continuous application should not be overlooked. These findings highlight that fertility-based nitrogen adjustment combined with straw return can simultaneously improve rice productivity and soil quality while reducing nitrogen input in albic soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Soils)
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15 pages, 6499 KB  
Article
The Effect of Interrupted Loading on the Lüder Phenomena in AISI 1524 Steel Alloy
by Mohamed Almatroushi, Salman Pervaiz and Wael A. Samad
Alloys 2025, 4(3), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys4030019 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Under specific temperature and strain rate conditions, certain materials, such as low-carbon steels and select magnesium and aluminum alloys, experience a localized deformation phenomenon known as the Lüders effect. This behavior manifests as a well-defined yield point, after which the stress–strain response transitions [...] Read more.
Under specific temperature and strain rate conditions, certain materials, such as low-carbon steels and select magnesium and aluminum alloys, experience a localized deformation phenomenon known as the Lüders effect. This behavior manifests as a well-defined yield point, after which the stress–strain response transitions into a plateau phase. Experimentally observed through full-field tests, the Lüders effect appears in the form of a band(s). This manuscript presents, for the first time, a systematic study of interrupted loading on the Lüders phenomenon in AISI 1524 hot-rolled steel, using uniaxial tensile testing combined with digital image correlation (DIC). While similar approaches have been applied to other alloys, no prior work has reported on AISI 1524 steel under unloading–reloading cycles during the Lüders plateau. Interruptions in loading involved unloading at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the total plateau region independently until stress approached zero, followed by reloading at the same rate until failure. Each unloading case was subjected to two tests, alongside two additional control tests where loading proceeded without interruption. Based on the findings of this study, it can be inferred that the Lüders phenomenon in AISI 1524 steel exhibits a decrease in strain intensity upon unloading, along with an extension of the Lüders plateau when interrupted loading occurs up to halfway through the plateau region. However, implementing an interrupted loading regime at three-quarters of the plateau had minimal to no discernible effect on the phenomenon. The majority of samples displayed two Lüders bands, a few exhibited either a single band or three bands, suggesting a complex relationship with material heterogeneity and specific impurities present in each sample. The novelty of this work lies in showing how controlled unloading–reloading cycles alter both the propagation and characteristics of Lüders bands in AISI 1524 steel. Full article
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25 pages, 2507 KB  
Article
The Road to Tax Collection Digitalization: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Digital Payment Systems in Nigeria and the Role of Macroeconomic Factors
by Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero and Gbenga Ekundayo
Int. J. Financial Stud. 2025, 13(3), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13030178 (registering DOI) - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
The global movement towards a cashless society has prompted the payment of tax obligations through digital platforms and sources. In this international race to ensure that transaction payments are not hindered by the lack of physical cash, Nigeria is also making progress. Therefore, [...] Read more.
The global movement towards a cashless society has prompted the payment of tax obligations through digital platforms and sources. In this international race to ensure that transaction payments are not hindered by the lack of physical cash, Nigeria is also making progress. Therefore, the focus of this study is to assess the implications of digital payment systems in enhancing the effectiveness of tax revenue collection in Nigeria. The analysis spans from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2023, utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Error Correction Model. The research uses the most active digital payment systems that have been in operation during the study period. These electronic payment types include digital cheques (CHQs), Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Point-of-Sales (POSs), Mobile payment (MPY), and Web-based payment (WPY). These are the predictor variables, while the tax revenue collection (TXC) during this period is the dependent variable. The control variables include information and telecommunication technology penetration rate (ICTPR), inflation, and gross domestic product. The outcomes of this study reveal that, over the long term, a percentage change in CHQs, ATMs, MPY, and ICTPR is linked to a decline of 8.1%, 12.5%, 6.7%, and 22.4% in TXC, respectively. In contrast, WPY indicates a 7.2% positive increase in TXC while inflation exerts a positive increase of 46.7%. The Error Correction Model (ECM) suggests that the deviations from the long-term equilibrium in earlier years are being corrected at a rate of 3.9% in the current year. In the short term, it is noted that digital payment systems do not influence TXC. On the other hand, GDP maintains a significant negative influence on TXC, in both the long- and short-term. Given these results, the study recommends the establishment of a robust information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to enhance effective tax collection, even from rural areas and the informal sector. It is also important for the government to develop strategies that will bring the informal sector into the tax net. Full article
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31 pages, 1380 KB  
Article
Rhetorical Strategies Employed by Big Oil in the Context of IPCC Reports of Climate Change
by Andrew S. Mitchell and Subhes C. Bhattacharyya
World 2025, 6(3), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/world6030128 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Despite long-standing evidence linking fossil fuel combustion to greenhouse gas and climate change effects, and the growing advocacy for reductions and regulatory limits on their use, fossil fuel corporations remain hugely profitable and influential. In response to scientific evidence linking Big Oil’s corporate [...] Read more.
Despite long-standing evidence linking fossil fuel combustion to greenhouse gas and climate change effects, and the growing advocacy for reductions and regulatory limits on their use, fossil fuel corporations remain hugely profitable and influential. In response to scientific evidence linking Big Oil’s corporate activities directly to climate change impacts, tactics favoured by Big Tobacco to medical evidence linking smoking to cancer appear to have also been adopted by Big Oil in responding to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) findings. To examine some of these response strategies, a bespoke corpus was compiled from sustainability reports by a sample of three Big Oil corporations over a twenty-year period corresponding to the IPCC’s publication of the third through sixth Assessment Reports. This corpus is statistically and linguistically analyzed for representations and accounts by Big Oil for its activities and how, if at all, scientific evidence is addressed linking fossil fuel extraction and use to the findings of the IPCC. By highlighting corporate response strategies and preferred narrative accounts to the IPCC evidence, the aim is to equip policy- and decision-makers with key insights to develop more effective counter-narratives to facilitate scientific communications in this critical policy space. Full article
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28 pages, 5137 KB  
Article
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using AHP, Frequency Ratio, and LSI Models: Understanding Topographical Controls in Hanang District, Tanzania
by Johanes Muhimbula, Neema Simon Sumari and Timo Balz
GeoHazards 2025, 6(3), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards6030058 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
This study evaluates landslide susceptibility in Hanang District, Manyara Region, Tanzania, using three approaches: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR), and Landslide Susceptibility Index. A total of 11 environmental and anthropogenic factors were analyzed, with 5879 landslide events identified from satellite imagery [...] Read more.
This study evaluates landslide susceptibility in Hanang District, Manyara Region, Tanzania, using three approaches: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR), and Landslide Susceptibility Index. A total of 11 environmental and anthropogenic factors were analyzed, with 5879 landslide events identified from satellite imagery to create an inventory map for training and testing. Model performance was assessed using Area Under the Curve (AUC), Consistency Ratio, and Prediction Rate, while multicollinearity among factors was evaluated through Tolerance (TOL) and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). Results indicate that the Analytic Hierarchy Process model outperformed Frequency Ratio and Landslide Susceptibility Index, achieving an Area Under the Curve of 0.88, demonstrating strong predictive capability. Slope, elevation, and geology were identified as the most influential factors. The susceptibility maps developed in this study aim to support policymakers and disaster management authorities in climate adaptation and risk reduction efforts, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action). Limitations include reliance on remotely sensed data for landslide inventory, which may omit smaller events or introduce classification errors. Full article
32 pages, 5688 KB  
Systematic Review
Impact of Pancreatic Stump Wrapping with Mesh on Post-Operative Pancreatic Fistula in Patients Undergoing Distal/Left Pancreatectomy for Malignant or Benign Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Andrea Morini, Maurizio Zizzo, Magda Zanelli, Lorenzo Dell’Atti, Federica Mereu, Andrea Palicelli, Mario Giuffrida, Elena Orlandi and Massimiliano Fabozzi
Medicina 2025, 61(9), 1688; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61091688 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Post-Operative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF) is reported among 13% to 64% of cases following a distal/left pancreatectomy (D/LP). Many efforts aim to prevent the onset of POPF or reduce its clinical impact. This meta-analysis sought to provide data by assessing [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Post-Operative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF) is reported among 13% to 64% of cases following a distal/left pancreatectomy (D/LP). Many efforts aim to prevent the onset of POPF or reduce its clinical impact. This meta-analysis sought to provide data by assessing POPF rates among patients undergoing D/LP for benign or malignant pancreatic diseases, with or without pancreatic stump mesh wrapping. Materials and Methods: We undertook a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, alongside the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We evaluated the certainty in the evidence using the GRADE approach for the following key outcomes: overall POPF and clinically relevant POPF. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus were employed to retrieve relevant papers. Pooled analysis was carried out employing RevMan Version 5.4.1. Results: Among the 8 comparative studies considered (1042 subjects: 430 Wrapping Mesh Group (WMG) versus 612 control group (CG)), seven were retrospective observational studies and one was a randomized controlled trial. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh was used in 7 studies, except for one, who used a polyglactin mesh. Regarding the primary outcomes, meta-analysis showed lower rates of Overall POPF (Ov-POPF) (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88; p = 0.01) and clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.50; p < 0.00001) in the WMG. Moreover, the WMG also showed a decrease in Estimated Blood Loss (EBL) (MD: −43.11, 95%, CI: −63.20, −23.02, p < 0.0001), a shorter period with surgical drain (MD: −9.66, 95% CI: −17.99, −1.34, p = 0.02) and a decreased length of hospital stay (MD: −4.60, 95%, CI: −7.83, −1.36, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed that wrapping the pancreatic stump with mesh is associated with lower rates of overall POPF and clinically relevant POPF, lower EBL, a shorter period with the surgical drain and reduced hospital stay duration. There is a need for high-quality methodological research to identify the risk factors for the onset of POPF and to evaluate and compare the results of various surgical approaches used to reduce its rate and associated morbidity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery: Clinical Updates and Future Perspectives)
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22 pages, 1066 KB  
Article
The Foundations of Culture and the Moments of Social Information
by James Scott Cardinal and Jennifer Ann Loughmiller-Cardinal
Heritage 2025, 8(9), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8090386 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Despite its foundational role in the social sciences, “culture” remains a persistently ambiguous concept. This is a perennial obstacle to communicating the broader value of our work to the public and policy-makers, and particularly in clarifying its relevance to contemporary challenges. Building on [...] Read more.
Despite its foundational role in the social sciences, “culture” remains a persistently ambiguous concept. This is a perennial obstacle to communicating the broader value of our work to the public and policy-makers, and particularly in clarifying its relevance to contemporary challenges. Building on our previous work, we propose a new framework defining culture as a system of adaptive information-processing. We re-frame culture not as a collection of beliefs or behaviors but as the structured organization of social information. We argue that culture consists of dynamic structural moments—norms as social information, normativity as allostatic convergence, and institutions as stabilizing homeostatic infrastructures. Integrating insights from statistical mechanics, information theory, and cultural evolution, we define culture as the unique configuration of moments across a population’s information landscape. This allows for both social change and cultural continuity by treating culture as a collective adaptation for the homeostatic convergence of lower-order allostatic information. Our model addresses the conceptual vagueness that has hindered empirical and theoretical progress across social sciences and heritage practice. In doing so, we offer a rigorous, scalable definition of culture as a multilevel, emergent, and adaptive system that can inform both sustainable policies and comparative research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Archaeological Heritage)
34 pages, 33014 KB  
Article
Surveying a Sacred Landscape: First Steps to a Holistic Documentation of Buddhist Architecture in Dolpo
by Carmen Elisabeth Auer
Heritage 2025, 8(9), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8090385 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Dolpo is a culturally Tibetan region in the inaccessible parts of the Himalayas, where Buddhist and Bon traditions coexist to this day. Due to their religious significance, the temples and monasteries of Dolpo reflect the historical connection to the religious centres of the [...] Read more.
Dolpo is a culturally Tibetan region in the inaccessible parts of the Himalayas, where Buddhist and Bon traditions coexist to this day. Due to their religious significance, the temples and monasteries of Dolpo reflect the historical connection to the religious centres of the Tibetan area. Accordingly, a holistic documentation of the preserved buildings can provide new insights for the development of typologies of Buddhist architecture in the Western Himalayas. To shed light on the mainly undocumented Buddhist architecture of this region, we launched our first research project in 2018. As a result, the architectural documentation of eighteen Buddhist sites in Dolpo is now available for the first time, based on the on-site assessment and survey during four field missions between 2018 and 2023. It provides an overview of the location, descriptions and references, photographs, sets of plans and 3D models of the surveyed buildings, enabling an inventory of the region’s cultural heritage to be initiated. The results enable us to establish a comprehensive typology of Buddhist architecture in Dolpo that allows for comparative analyses with buildings already documented in previous projects. Last but not least, the documentation provides the basis for much-needed restoration work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic 3D Documentation of Natural and Cultural Heritage)
21 pages, 5307 KB  
Article
High-Performance Cementitious Composites with Tensile Strain Capacity Up to 18%
by Zongcai Deng and Wenzhe Li
J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(9), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9090502 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
At present, the ductility of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is not sufficient to achieve compatibility with steel, which limits the application of ECC in composite structures. To prepare ECC with ultra-high tensile strain, tensile tests on eighteen types of ECC with different mix [...] Read more.
At present, the ductility of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is not sufficient to achieve compatibility with steel, which limits the application of ECC in composite structures. To prepare ECC with ultra-high tensile strain, tensile tests on eighteen types of ECC with different mix ratios were carried out. The effect of cementitious material composition, sand/binder ratio, and fiber hybridization on tensile properties was analyzed. Meanwhile, three types of ECC were developed and defined as ultra-high tensile property cementitious composites (UHTCC). UHTCC exhibits the characteristic of oversaturated cracking and obvious strain hardening during the tensile process. The tensile strain of UHTCC was up to 18.3% with an average tensile strength of 9.9 MPa. Meanwhile, UHTCC shows ultra-high flexural toughness and high compressive strength. In addition, the hybridization of PE fibers and macro-PP fibers has been proved to be beneficial to improve tensile strain capacity, with the cost of fibers decreased by 24.3%. To explore the causes of UHTCC’s ultra-high tensile strain, the state of the matrix and fibers after the tensile test was observed by scanning electron microscope. In addition, the cracking process of UHTCC was analyzed by comparing average crack spacing with the theoretical value. Further, a four-stage tensile constitutive model was proposed. And the new constitutive model has been verified to be applicable to three different types of UHTCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hybrid Composites)
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18 pages, 949 KB  
Article
Advanced Vehicle Electrical System Modelling for Software Solutions on Manufacturing Plants: Proposal and Applications
by Adrià Bosch Serra, Juan Francisco Blanes Noguera, Luis Ruiz Matallana, Carlos Álvarez Baldo and Joan Porcar Rodado
Appl. Syst. Innov. 2025, 8(5), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/asi8050134 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Mass customisation in the automotive industry has exploded the number of wiring harness variants that must be assembled, tested and repaired on the shop floor. Existing CAD or schematic formats are too heavy and too coarse-grained to drive in-line, per-VIN validation, while supplier [...] Read more.
Mass customisation in the automotive industry has exploded the number of wiring harness variants that must be assembled, tested and repaired on the shop floor. Existing CAD or schematic formats are too heavy and too coarse-grained to drive in-line, per-VIN validation, while supplier documentation is heterogeneous and often incomplete. This paper presents a pin-centric, two-tier graph model that converts raw harness tables into a machine-readable, wiring-aware digital twin suitable for real-time use in manufacturing plants. All physical and logical artefacts—pins, wires, connections, paths and circuits—are represented as nodes, and a dual-store persistence strategy separates attribute-rich JSON documents from a lightweight NetworkX property graph. The architecture supports dozens of vehicle models and engineering releases without duplicating data, and a decentralised validation pipeline enforces both object-level and contextual rules, reducing initial domain violations from eight to zero and eliminating fifty-two circuit errors in three iterations. The resulting platform graph is generated in 0.7 s and delivers 100% path-finding accuracy. Deployed at Ford’s Almussafes plant, the model already underpins launch-phase workload mitigation, interactive visualisation and early design error detection. Although currently implemented in Python 3.11 and lacking quantified production KPIs, the approach establishes a vendor-agnostic data standard and lays the groundwork for self-aware manufacturing: future work will embed real-time validators on the line, stream defect events back into the graph and couple the wiring layer with IoT frameworks for autonomous repair and optimisation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Information Systems)
18 pages, 813 KB  
Article
Heart Rate Estimation Using FMCW Radar: A Two-Stage Method Evaluated for In-Vehicle Applications
by Jonas Brandstetter, Eva-Maria Knoch and Frank Gauterin
Biomimetics 2025, 10(9), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10090630 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Assessing the driver’s state in real time is a critical challenge in modern vehicle safety systems, as human factors account for the vast majority of traffic accidents. Heart rate (HR) is a key physiological indicator of the driver’s condition, yet contactless measurements in [...] Read more.
Assessing the driver’s state in real time is a critical challenge in modern vehicle safety systems, as human factors account for the vast majority of traffic accidents. Heart rate (HR) is a key physiological indicator of the driver’s condition, yet contactless measurements in dynamic in-vehicle environments remain difficult due to motion artifacts, vibrations, and varying operational conditions. This paper presents a novel two-stage method for HR estimation using a commercial 60 GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensor, specifically designed and validated for in-vehicle applications. In the first stage, coarse HR estimation is performed using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and autoregressive (AR) spectral analysis. The second stage refines the estimate using an inverse application of the relevance vector machine (RVM) approach, leveraging a narrowed frequency window derived from Stage 1. Final HR estimates are stabilized through sequential Kalman filtering (SKF) across time segments. The system was implemented using an Infineon BGT60TR13C radar module installed in the sun visor of a passenger vehicle. Extensive data collection was conducted during real-world driving across diverse traffic scenarios. The results demonstrate robust HR estimations with an accuracy comparable to that of commercial wearable devices, validated against a Polar H10 chest strap. This method offers several advantages over prior work, including short measurement windows (5 s), operation under varying lighting and clothing conditions, and validation in realistic driving environments. In this sense, the method contributes to the field of biomimetics by transferring the biological principles of continuous vital sign perception to technical sensorics in the automotive domain. Future work will explore the fusion of sensors with visual methods and potential extension to heart rate variability (HRV) estimations to enhance driver monitoring systems (DMSs) further. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Bioinspired Sensorics, Information Processing and Control)
19 pages, 1093 KB  
Article
Improvement of Gel Properties of Nemipterus virgatus Myofibrillar Protein Emulsion Gels by Curdlan: Development and Application to Emulsified Surimi
by Zhiqin Wu, Yongyan Qu, Ouhongyi Li, Soottawat Benjakul and Aimei Zhou
Gels 2025, 11(9), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11090753 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
This study aims to improve the gel properties of Nemipterus virgatus myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsion gels by Curdlan (Cur) and investigate the effect of the emulsion gels on the quality of emulsified surimi gels. The effects of different concentrations of Cur on the [...] Read more.
This study aims to improve the gel properties of Nemipterus virgatus myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsion gels by Curdlan (Cur) and investigate the effect of the emulsion gels on the quality of emulsified surimi gels. The effects of different concentrations of Cur on the gel properties of MP emulsion gels were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that intermolecular interactions between Cur and MP were primarily hydrogen bonds. Cur enhanced the adsorption capacity of MP at the oil/water interface, inducing the formation of a more uniform and dense composite network structure in Cur/MP emulsion gels. Adding 6% (w/v) of Cur significantly increased the hardness, gel strength, water-holding capacity (WHC) and rheological properties of the gel. In addition, microstructural images showed that MP formed a complex interpenetrating network with Cur, thus enhancing the gel network skeleton. Low-field NMR confirmed that the addition of Cur decreased water mobility in the emulsion gel system. Compared to the direct addition of oil, the application of Cur/MP emulsion gels to surimi significantly improved the texture, gel strength, and WHC of the surimi gel. These findings provide a reference for the development of myofibrillar protein emulsion gels and broaden their potential application in the food industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Gels: Fabrication, Characterization, and Application)
12 pages, 783 KB  
Article
Outcomes of Use of Inotropes at Waitlisting Through Heart Transplantation: The UNOS Experience
by Marco Gemelli, Ilias P. Doulamis, Thanakorn Rojanathagoon, Aspasia Tzani, Athanasios Rempakos, Polydoros Kampaktsis, Alvise Guariento, Ernesto Ruiz Dunque, Rabea Asleh, Paulino Alvarez, Vincenzo Tarzia, Gino Gerosa and Alexandros Briasoulis
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(9), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12090364 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background: Despite its use in patients awaiting heart transplant (HT), the impact of continuous inotropic support on short-term complications and long-term transplant outcomes remains unclear. This study evaluated inotrope use at the time of HT on perioperative complications and post-transplant survival, comparing outcomes [...] Read more.
Background: Despite its use in patients awaiting heart transplant (HT), the impact of continuous inotropic support on short-term complications and long-term transplant outcomes remains unclear. This study evaluated inotrope use at the time of HT on perioperative complications and post-transplant survival, comparing outcomes at 30 days, 1 year, and 10 years with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) strategies including ECMO, IABP, and VADs. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ sharing (UNOS) registry was performed, stratifying patients based on bridge strategy at the time of transplant: inotropes, ECMO, IABP, or VADs. Baseline characteristics, perioperative complications, and 30-day, 1-year, and 10-year post-transplant survival outcomes were analyzed across groups. Survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Among the 11,801 heart transplant patients included, 9330 were on inotropes, 372 were on ECMO, 1072 received an IABP, and 1027 had VADs. Inotrope-bridged patients had significantly lower 30-day and 1-year mortality rates compared to the ECMO, IABP, and VAD groups. They also experienced reduced incidences of post-transplant dialysis and stroke. At 10 years, the inotrope group demonstrated superior long-term survival, with significantly lower mortality risk compared to ECMO (HR: 1.81; CI: 1.49–2.20, p < 0.001), IABP (HR: 1.19; CI: 1.06–1.32, p = 0.005), and VAD (HR: 1.18; CI: 1.10–1.27, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Continuous use of inotropes after waitlisting is associated with lower short, intermediate, and long-term mortality and does not lead to worse outcomes compared to ECMO, IABP, and VAD support. When mechanical support is not an option, inotropic therapy remains a viable and effective strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Acquired Cardiovascular Disease)
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22 pages, 1174 KB  
Review
Phase Separation-Regulated Fungal Growth, Sexual Development, Adaptation and Synthetic Biology Applications
by Xinxin Tong, Daixi Zhang and Zhenhong Zhu
J. Fungi 2025, 11(9), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11090680 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a fundamental biophysical process in which proteins and nucleic acids dynamically demix from the cellular milieu to form membraneless organelles (MLO) with liquid-like properties. Environmental cues, such as light, temperature fluctuations, and pathogen interactions, induce LLPS of fungal [...] Read more.
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a fundamental biophysical process in which proteins and nucleic acids dynamically demix from the cellular milieu to form membraneless organelles (MLO) with liquid-like properties. Environmental cues, such as light, temperature fluctuations, and pathogen interactions, induce LLPS of fungal proteins with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) or multimerization domains, thereby regulating fungal hyphal growth, sexual reproduction, pathogenesis, and adaptation. Recently, LLPS has emerged as a powerful tool for biomolecular research, innovative biotechnological application, biosynthesis and metabolic engineering. This review focuses on the current advances in environmental cue-triggered fungal condensates assembled by LLPS, with a focus on their roles in regulating the fungal physical biology and cellular processes including transcription, RNA modification, translation, posttranslational modification process (PTM), transport, and stress response. It further discusses the strategies of engineering synthetic biomolecular condensates in microbial cell factories to enhance production and metabolic efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic Fungi: Morphogenesis, Pathogenicity and Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites—Second Edition)
22 pages, 3247 KB  
Article
An Innovative Interactive Narrative Persona (INP) Approach for Virtual Reality-Based Dementia Tour Design (VDT) in Rehabilitation Contexts
by Yuk Ming Tang, Suet Yi Tse, Hoi Sze Chan, Ho Tung Yip, Hei Tung Cheung and Mohammed Woyeso Geda
Bioengineering 2025, 12(9), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12090987 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
The rising prevalence of dementia has raised significant public concern globally. However, the level of understanding and assistance concerning people with dementia remains limited. This study investigates the impact of virtual reality (VR) on enhancing public awareness and empathy toward dementia. We developed [...] Read more.
The rising prevalence of dementia has raised significant public concern globally. However, the level of understanding and assistance concerning people with dementia remains limited. This study investigates the impact of virtual reality (VR) on enhancing public awareness and empathy toward dementia. We developed a Virtual Dementia Tour (VDT) designed to simulate the cognitive and sensory impairments associated with dementia while incorporating interactive decision-making elements. A total of 80 adults aged 18 years or older, residing in Hong Kong and with no personal or close family history of dementia or caregiving experience, were recruited for the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired and independent samples t-tests to assess the changes in the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) scores before and after the intervention. The results indicate that the baseline awareness and understanding of dementia were low in both groups. However, participants who experienced the VDT showed significantly greater improvements in knowledge and empathy compared to the control group. The findings suggest that VR interventions can effectively promote dementia awareness, reduce stigma, and contribute to the development of dementia-friendly societies. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of VR as an innovative tool for advancing social awareness and empathy in public health education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches: Harnessing Virtual Reality for Assessment and Rehabilitation in Stroke and Aging-Related Disorders)
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17 pages, 3469 KB  
Article
Association of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Survivors of Myocardial Infarction: NHANES 2001–2018 Analysis
by Qingyi Liu, Wenling Yang, Ruiyu Zhang, Xiaopeng Guo and Yumiao Wei
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(9), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12090363 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory responses critically impact long-term outcomes in myocardial infarction (MI) survivors, yet few biomarkers comprehensively evaluate systemic immune-inflammatory status. This study assessed the prognostic utility of a novel marker—the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV)—for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality post-MI. Methods: Using the National [...] Read more.
Background: Inflammatory responses critically impact long-term outcomes in myocardial infarction (MI) survivors, yet few biomarkers comprehensively evaluate systemic immune-inflammatory status. This study assessed the prognostic utility of a novel marker—the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV)—for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality post-MI. Methods: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2001–2018), 1559 MI survivors were included. PIV was calculated as (neutrophils × platelets × monocytes)/lymphocytes. Weighted Cox models assessed the association between log-transformed PIV (LnPIV) and mortality. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models explored non-linear dose–response relationships, and predictive performance was evaluated via time-dependent ROC analysis. Results: Over a median 75-month follow-up, 675 deaths occurred. LnPIV showed significant non-linear associations with all-cause (p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.0471). When LnPIV ≥ 5.59, each unit increase was associated with an 85% (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.49–2.28) higher all-cause mortality risk; for cardiovascular mortality, the risk increased by 77% (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.20–2.63) when LnPIV ≥ 5.68. Time-dependent ROC analysis confirmed strong prediction above these thresholds. Conclusion: PIV demonstrates threshold-dependent mortality risk stratification in MI patients, particularly effective in high-inflammatory subgroups, offering a potential tool for personalized risk stratification. Full article
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11 pages, 490 KB  
Article
Environmental Exposure to Waterborne Pollutants and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Lebanon
by Magie Tamraz, Najib Al Ghossaini and Sally Temraz
Toxics 2025, 13(9), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090792 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a complex etiology involving genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. This study investigates the association between exposure to water contaminants and the risk of developing CRC in Lebanon. Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) was calculated using exposure prevalence from environmental reports [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a complex etiology involving genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. This study investigates the association between exposure to water contaminants and the risk of developing CRC in Lebanon. Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) was calculated using exposure prevalence from environmental reports and water quality assessments. Relative risks (RR) were obtained from multiple meta-analyses and epidemiological studies to quantify the contribution of five water contaminants to CRC incidence: nitrates, mercury, arsenic, trihalomethanes (THMs), and microbial pollutants (E. coli). A synthetic cohort was simulated using national exposure data and probabilistic techniques, employing multivariate logistic regression models to ensure precise CRC risk and controlling for lifestyle covariates. Adjusted PAF values were calculated using regression data to determine the proportion of CRC cases attributable to each water contaminant. THMs and E. coli showed the strongest association with CRC, with adjusted PAF values of 25.76% and 23.65%, respectively. Exposure to nitrates, arsenic, and mercury contributed less to CRC risk (1.02%, 0.52% and 2.20%, respectively). Multivariate regression confirmed that THMs and E. coli remained the strongest independent predictors of CRC risk (OR = 1.37, p = 0.001) and (OR = 1.79, p < 0.0001) among water contaminants, respectively. Our model-based approach carries limitations due to reliance on indirect exposure and risk estimates, which may introduce uncertainty stemming from data gaps and underlying assumptions. This study highlights the importance of water quality management in CRC prevention as exposure to drinking water contaminants contributes meaningfully to disease burden. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Exposome Analysis and Risk Assessment)
17 pages, 10970 KB  
Article
Unveiling the Distribution Characteristics of Benzene-Based Pollutants in a Retired Industrial Park and Their Influence Factors: Soil Properties and Microbial Communities
by Lei Wang, Weizhen Chen, Xuejun Tan and Li Xie
Toxics 2025, 13(9), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090791 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
With the transformation of industrial enterprises in China, the relocation of numerous factories has led to the emergence of retired industrial parks with serious pollution. This study investigated the contamination of benzene-based pollutants (BBPs) in soil and their relationship with soil texture, physicochemical [...] Read more.
With the transformation of industrial enterprises in China, the relocation of numerous factories has led to the emergence of retired industrial parks with serious pollution. This study investigated the contamination of benzene-based pollutants (BBPs) in soil and their relationship with soil texture, physicochemical properties, and microbial communities at a former factory site in Shanghai. The results indicated that benzene and toluene were the main pollutants in the region, accounting for 25.7–36.1% and 7.6–10.2% of the total pollutants, respectively. The horizontal contamination distribution pattern of BBPs at different sampling points were clearly related to the functional zoning of the area. Sampling points close to workshops and bathrooms possessed higher contamination levels of BBPs than those close to warehouses and office buildings. With the increase in sampling depth, the gradually rising soil density and soil porosity ratio reduced the adsorption capacity of soil for BBPs, thereby promoting the volatilization and release of BBPs in deeper soil layers to a certain extent, resulting in a “shallow > deep” trend for the content of BBPs. The abundance of norank_f__norank__o_norank__c__Bathyarchaeia in the soil may be the main functional microorganisms affecting the distribution of BBPs. Styrene and chlorobenzene exhibited significant correlations with microbial communities, primarily involving bacteria (Desulfobacterium, Thermincola, and Trichlorobacter) and archaea (including norank_f_Nitrosopumilaceae, norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_Nitrososphaeria, and Methanocella). This study identifies and analyzes the BBP contamination characteristics in a typical retired industrial park in Shanghai, providing valuable references for risk assessment and microbial remediation of such contaminated areas. Full article
25 pages, 567 KB  
Article
Impact of Container Reverse Logistics on the Maritime Sector: Economic and Environmental Factors
by Joaquim Jorge Vicente, Lurdes Neves and Catarina Marques
Logistics 2025, 9(3), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030131 - 17 Sep 2025
Abstract
This paper investigates the growing problem of abandoned maritime containers and the lack of effective reverse logistics to manage them: Background: The research highlights the significant environmental impact and economic burdens caused by the imbalance of container inflow and outflow, which leads to [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the growing problem of abandoned maritime containers and the lack of effective reverse logistics to manage them: Background: The research highlights the significant environmental impact and economic burdens caused by the imbalance of container inflow and outflow, which leads to the accumulation of containers in storage yards; Methods: The study used the Delphi Method, gathering insights from a panel of experts in container transport and maintenance. The goal was to identify key challenges and potential solutions for improving container reverse logistics in Portugal; Results: The results confirm the urgent need for efficient reverse logistics strategies to address the container imbalance. The experts reached over 60% consensus on the importance of developing logistics systems and improving communication between ports. Implementing these strategies would not only reduce economic costs but also significantly lower environmental pollution; Conclusions: The paper concludes that a strategic shift toward effective reverse logistics is essential for enhancing the sustainability and operational efficiency of the maritime transport sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)
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