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18 pages, 1993 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Study of the Linguistic Landscape of a Hungarian University That Is Going International

by Andrea Csapó-Horváth and Anikó Makkos

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(11), 1466; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15111466 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

The study of the linguistic landscape is a key area for mapping the linguistic and cultural characteristics of university campuses. This attention is manifest in the language choice employed in the signage on campus, which serves as a physical indicator of these institutions’ [...] Read more.

The study of the linguistic landscape is a key area for mapping the linguistic and cultural characteristics of university campuses. This attention is manifest in the language choice employed in the signage on campus, which serves as a physical indicator of these institutions’ linguistic policies and practices. The following paper will present a multi-faculty study conducted at Széchenyi István University in Hungary. The objective of this research is to address the question of how internationalization is explicitly manifested in the institution. A further aim of this investigation was to determine to what extent foreign languages, especially English and German, are represented in the texts found at the university, and what functions these texts perform. Therefore, mixed-method research was conducted in the university’s central academic buildings and their immediate surroundings, during which photos of the signage were taken, analysed, and systematically categorized. This research yielded a comprehensive understanding of the university’s linguistic landscape and revealed the lack of a coherent foreign language policy at the university. The results can provide relevant information for consciously (re)designing the linguistic landscape of the university studied and can help other universities to plan their language policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Resilient Education in a Changing World)

20 pages, 15383 KB

Open AccessReview

Lung Ultrasound in Pediatrics: A Review with Core Principles That Every User Should Know

by Soultana Foutzitzi, Panos Prassopoulos, Athanasios Chatzimichail, Katerina Kambouri, Hippocrates Moschouris, Evlampia A. Psatha, Panagoula Oikonomou and Savas P. Deftereos

Diagnostics 2025, 15(21), 2782; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15212782 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic modality for the evaluation of respiratory disorders in neonates, infants and children. LUS has high diagnostic accuracy for identification of lung lesions in neonates, infants and children, where most lung lesions abut the pleura. [...] Read more.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic modality for the evaluation of respiratory disorders in neonates, infants and children. LUS has high diagnostic accuracy for identification of lung lesions in neonates, infants and children, where most lung lesions abut the pleura. Furthermore, LUS has the advantage of rapid execution and ease of use, and does not require ionizing radiation. Its sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and clinical efficiency make it an important tool for supporting clinical decision-making and improving patient management. Moreover, LUS may represent a reliable alternative to chest radiography for the assessment of pediatric lung conditions and, in selected cases, could potentially replace routine chest X-rays (CXRs). Because LUS is a user-friendly technique that enables real-time imaging without radiation, it has increasingly been used in clinical practice in recent years. Here, we discuss the diagnostic role of LUS for the accurate identification of pulmonary lesions in pediatric patients. In addition, we present LUS sonographic findings associated with common pediatric lung diseases, including signs and artifacts that can be used during diagnosis and evaluation of pediatric patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Devices)

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25 pages, 444 KB

Open AccessPerspective

Latvia’s National Strategy for Simulation-Based Healthcare Education

by Andreta Slavinska, Edgars Edelmers, Evita Grigoroviča, Karina Palkova and Aigars Pētersons

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(11), 1465; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15111465 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

This policy insight outlines Latvia’s national strategy for integrating simulation-based education into all levels of medical and healthcare education by 2027. It is framed as a direct response to the 2024 Global Consensus Statement on Simulation-Based Practice in Healthcare, operationalizing its recomme ndations [...] Read more.

This policy insight outlines Latvia’s national strategy for integrating simulation-based education into all levels of medical and healthcare education by 2027. It is framed as a direct response to the 2024 Global Consensus Statement on Simulation-Based Practice in Healthcare, operationalizing its recomme ndations within a national policy context for Latvia. Grounded in international and national standards—including WHO guidance, EU directives, and principles of healthcare safety and education quality—the strategy promotes simulation as a transitional and indispensable phase between theoretical instruction and clinical practice. The strategy emphasises structured collaboration among universities, professional associations, healthcare providers, and government bodies. It sets out a governance and resource model for simulation-based learning environments, ensuring quality, sustainability, and alignment with ethical and professional standards. By embedding simulation-based education into undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education, Latvia aims to enhance healthcare professionals’ clinical competence, reduce preventable medical errors, and improve patient outcomes. The approach supports deliberate practice, facilitates safe and realistic training conditions, and strengthens the preparedness of healthcare workers for both routine and complex clinical scenarios. The strategy also calls for standardised quality-assurance mechanisms, accreditation procedures, and integration into national regulatory frameworks. This national roadmap aims to establish Latvia as a regional leader in simulation-based healthcare education, improving not only the safety and efficiency of healthcare services but also public trust and professional development. As such, the strategy serves both as a practical implementation plan and a model for countries pursuing similar goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology-Enhanced Nursing and Health Education)

9 pages, 1153 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nonparaxial Exploding Cylindrical Vector Beams

by Marcos G. Barriopedro, Manuel Holguín and Miguel A. Porras

Photonics 2025, 12(11), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12111083 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Exploding or concentrating beams, vortex beams, and cylindrical vector beams have a precisely shaped transversal amplitude profile such that they produce a continuously concentrating and intensifying focal spot upon focusing as the lens aperture is opened. This effect is the physical manifestation of [...] Read more.

Exploding or concentrating beams, vortex beams, and cylindrical vector beams have a precisely shaped transversal amplitude profile such that they produce a continuously concentrating and intensifying focal spot upon focusing as the lens aperture is opened. This effect is the physical manifestation of the mathematical fact that Fresnel diffraction integral predicts an infinite intensity at the focus when the aperture effects are ignored. Here, using a full electromagnetic, nonparaxial focusing model, we show that the singularity in exploding cylindrical vector beams is an artifact of the paraxial approximation. Nevertheless, the exploding or concentrating effect, alien to any other light beam with finite power, keeps going up to unit numerical aperture, equivalent to infinite aperture radius. This unique feature enables a dynamic control of the focal intensity and spot size down to the sub-wavelength scale using a single light beam, imitating similar control when focusing an ideal plane wave, but requiring a finite amount of power. Full article

24 pages, 5605 KB

Open AccessArticle

DSDEVS-Based Simulation Acceleration with Event Filtering: USV Naval Combat Case

by Juho Choi, Il-Chul Moon and Jang Won Bae

Systems 2025, 13(11), 979; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13110979 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study presents a DSDEVS-based method to accelerate simulation execution for AI training in USV (Unmanned Surface vehicle) naval combat scenarios. The proposed approach introduces an event filtering technique that selectively suppresses low-importance sensing events based on the distance to enemy targets. By [...] Read more.

This study presents a DSDEVS-based method to accelerate simulation execution for AI training in USV (Unmanned Surface vehicle) naval combat scenarios. The proposed approach introduces an event filtering technique that selectively suppresses low-importance sensing events based on the distance to enemy targets. By dynamically adjusting structural couplings and modifying sensing frequency through domain-specific thresholds, the method reduces execution time while maintaining a balance between speed and fidelity. Two key parameters—Event Filtering Distance (EFD) and Sensor Acceleration Time Advance (SATA)—enable conditional event filtering and time advance adjustments within the sensor model. Experimental results demonstrate a 3.03 improvement in runtime, highlighting the effectiveness of the method and the trade-off between simulation speedup and fidelity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Engineering)

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11 pages, 1711 KB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on the Flow and Heat Transfer Behavior of Molten Steel During Continuous Casting

by Guohui Li, Fengming Du, Tianyi Li and Shuai Zhang

Computation 2025, 13(11), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13110257 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

The flow and heat transfer inside the mold play an important role in the quality of the casting billet during continuous casting. In this work, a three-dimensional coupled model of flow and heat transfer was established, and the flow field and temperature distribution [...] Read more.

The flow and heat transfer inside the mold play an important role in the quality of the casting billet during continuous casting. In this work, a three-dimensional coupled model of flow and heat transfer was established, and the flow field and temperature distribution characteristics of molten steel were explored in depth. The results indicated that the narrow impact position is 315 mm away from the meniscus. The maximum turbulence kinetic energy of the centerline reached 0.00284 m²∙s⁻², 108 mm from the narrow surface. The temperature of the steel liquid on the path of the two splitting strands located in the upper and lower circulation zones was above 1781 K. The temperature range from the center of the billet to the narrow 1/4 section, which was enclosed by the upper annular flow zone and 400 mm below the liquid level, was relatively low and lower than the liquidus temperature. The model can provide guidance for improving and optimizing the quality of continuous casting billets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Computational Methods for Fluid Flow)

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24 pages, 6898 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Coupling Coordination Between Tea–Culture–Tourism Integration and Rural Revitalization in China

by Hong Zhu, Na Yang, Lei Jiang and Xudan Lin

Agriculture 2025, 15(21), 2284; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15212284 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Rural revitalization relies on both industrial upgrading and cultural reinvigoration. Tea-culture–tourism integration has been regarded as a potentially effective route for advancing rural revitalization, yet its interactive relationship and dynamic evolution remain insufficiently understood. Based on provincial-level panel data from 18 major tea-producing [...] Read more.

Rural revitalization relies on both industrial upgrading and cultural reinvigoration. Tea-culture–tourism integration has been regarded as a potentially effective route for advancing rural revitalization, yet its interactive relationship and dynamic evolution remain insufficiently understood. Based on provincial-level panel data from 18 major tea-producing provinces in China between 2013 and 2022, this study constructs two comprehensive evaluation index systems for tea–culture–tourism integration and rural revitalization. It employs the entropy weight method, the coupling coordination degree model, the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition, and spatial econometric models to measure their coupling coordination degree and analyze its spatiotemporal pattern, regional disparities, and driving factors. The main findings are as follows: (1) Both tea–culture–tourism integration and rural revitalization exhibited upward trends, with the latter being consistently higher. (2) The coupling coordination degree transitioned from dissonance to coordination, spatially forming a gradient progression pattern of “coastal-river-inland”. (3) Regional disparities were primarily dominated by transvariation density and inter-regional differences. (4) Results of spatial econometric models indicated that fiscal conditions exerted a significant positive direct effect, while urban–rural social development, employment structure, and human capital generated significant positive direct and indirect effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic The Multidimensional Synergy Measures to Achieve Sustainable Regional Socio-Economic Development)

22 pages, 1208 KB

Open AccessArticle

Geo-MRC: Dynamic Boundary Inference in Machine Reading Comprehension for Nested Geographic Named Entity Recognition

by Yuting Zhang, Jingzhong Li, Pengpeng Li, Tao Liu, Ping Du and Xuan Hao

ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2025, 14(11), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14110431 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Geographic Named Entity Recognition (Geo-NER) is a crucial task for extracting geography-related entities from unstructured text, and it plays an essential role in geographic information extraction and spatial semantic understanding. Traditional approaches typically treat Geo-NER as a sequence labeling problem, where each token [...] Read more.

Geographic Named Entity Recognition (Geo-NER) is a crucial task for extracting geography-related entities from unstructured text, and it plays an essential role in geographic information extraction and spatial semantic understanding. Traditional approaches typically treat Geo-NER as a sequence labeling problem, where each token is assigned a single label. However, this formulation struggles to handle nested entities effectively. To overcome this limitation, we propose Geo-MRC, an improved model based on a Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) framework that reformulates Geo-NER as a question-answering task. The model identifies entities by predicting their start positions, end positions, and lengths, enabling precise detection of overlapping and nested entities. Specifically, it constructs a unified input sequence by concatenating a type-specific question (e.g., “What are the location names in the text?”) with the context. This sequence is encoded using BERT, followed by feature extraction and fusion through Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and multi-scale 1D convolutions, which improve the model’s sensitivity to both multi-level semantics and local contextual information. Finally, a feed-forward neural network (FFN) predicts whether each token corresponds to the start or end of an entity and estimates the span length, allowing for dynamic inference of entity boundaries. Experimental results on multiple public datasets demonstrate that Geo-MRC consistently outperforms strong baselines, with particularly significant gains on datasets containing nested entities. Full article

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20 pages, 5111 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Patch and Attention Mechanism-Based Model for Multi-Parameter Prediction of Rabbit House Environmental Parameters

by Ronghua Ji, Guoxin Wu, Hongrui Chang, Zhongying Liu and Zhonghong Wu

Animals 2025, 15(21), 3192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15213192 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

The health and productivity of rabbits are highly sensitive to the environmental conditions within the rabbit house, particularly to fluctuations and deviations in temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration. However, owing to the thermal inertia and residual evaporation effects [...] Read more.

The health and productivity of rabbits are highly sensitive to the environmental conditions within the rabbit house, particularly to fluctuations and deviations in temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration. However, owing to the thermal inertia and residual evaporation effects inherent in ventilation and cooling systems, environmental changes often exhibit delayed responses, rendering real-time control inadequate. Accurate prediction of key environmental parameters is indispensable for formulating effective environmental control strategies, as it enables consideration of their future dynamics and thereby enhances the rationality of regulation in rabbit farming. Existing prediction models often exhibit unsatisfactory accuracy and weak generalization, which restricts the incorporation of prediction into effective environmental control strategies. To address these limitations, summer indoor and outdoor environmental data were collected from rabbit houses in Nanping, Fujian; Jiyuan, Henan; and Qingyang, Gansu, China—three climatically distinct regions—forming three datasets. Based on these datasets, a multi-parameter time-series prediction model, Patch and Cross-Attention Enhanced Transformer for Rabbit House Prediction (PatchCrossFormer-RHP), is introduced, integrating patching and attention mechanisms. The model partitions the sequences of rabbit house temperature, relative humidity, and CO₂ concentration into patches and incorporates auxiliary parameters, such as indoor air velocity and outdoor temperature and humidity, to enhance feature representation. Furthermore, it applies cross-attention with differentiated encoding to disentangle multi-parameter relationships and improve predictive performance. This study used the Fujian dataset as the primary benchmark. On this dataset, PatchCrossFormer-RHP achieved root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.290°C, 1.554%, and 38.837 ppm for rabbit house temperature, humidity, and CO₂ concentration, respectively, with corresponding R² values of 0.963, 0.956, and 0.838, consistently outperforming RNN, GRU, and LSTM. Transfer experiments with single- and multi-source pretraining followed by fine-tuning on Fujian demonstrated that strong cross-regional generalization can be achieved with only limited target-domain data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Animal System and Management)

23 pages, 6936 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Subsidence in Remote Reclaimed Islands by Integrating PPP, Leveling, and InSAR

by Deming Ma, Yonggang Jia, Baoquan Cheng, Yabin Wang and Menghao Li

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(21), 3628; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17213628 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

To address the urgent need for safety maintenance of remote reclaimed islands, we propose a novel monitoring framework integrating PPP, leveling, and InSAR technologies to comprehensively capture slow surface deformations across point, line, and area dimensions. This study also details the data interpretation [...] Read more.

To address the urgent need for safety maintenance of remote reclaimed islands, we propose a novel monitoring framework integrating PPP, leveling, and InSAR technologies to comprehensively capture slow surface deformations across point, line, and area dimensions. This study also details the data interpretation methods and critical processing workflow, using Shandong Haiyang Junzi-Lianli island as a case study. The monitoring results revealed maximum annual displacements of 2 mm for PPP reference points, 5 mm elevation variations for leveling benchmarks, and an average InSAR deformation rate of −0.34 mm/yr with peak deformation reaching 18.60 mm/yr. Meanwhile, cross-validation was performed on the results obtained from these three different techniques. The discrepancy between the benchmark PPP observation and the InSAR measurement was 3.81 mm. For the common monitoring points, the differences between leveling and InSAR ranged from 0.57 mm to 5.41 mm. The deformation trends observed in PPP reference points, leveling benchmarks, and corresponding InSAR time-series data demonstrated good consistency, indicating overall stability of the reclamation island. The proposed methodology accurately identifies minute surface deformations at different spatial scales (point, linear, and areal) of the artificial island, overcoming the limitations of single-technique approaches, thus proving to be an effective means for subsidence assessment of offshore artificial island structures. This study advances the technical framework for reclaimed island stability monitoring, offering data and solutions to identify subsidence risks and enhance disaster prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geological Hazard Monitoring, Identify, Predict, and Risk Assessment Using Geographic Information Science and Remote Sensing)

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17 pages, 1464 KB

Open AccessArticle

Synergy and Attenuation of Work-Related Factors in Musculoskeletal Disorders: The Combined Risk Based on Data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey

by Eun-Soo Lee, Myong-Hwan Kim, Dongmug Kang, Youn-Hyang Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Se-Yeong Kim and Youngki Kim

Medicina 2025, 61(11), 1969; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61111969 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background and objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for more than 60% of compensated occupational diseases in Korea. Despite this burden, benchmarks of standardized ergonomic exposure and evidence on the combined effects of risk factors remain limited. This study aimed to construct a body [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for more than 60% of compensated occupational diseases in Korea. Despite this burden, benchmarks of standardized ergonomic exposure and evidence on the combined effects of risk factors remain limited. This study aimed to construct a body part-specific ergonomic job exposure matrix (JEM) and evaluate the independent and interactive effects of ergonomic, demographic, and work-related factors. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the data of 210,500 workers from the 2nd–6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2009–2020). A JEM for arms/neck, back, and legs was developed and validated (κ ≥ 0.79). Logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and additive interactions were assessed using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and the synergy index (SI). Results: High ergonomic exposure was strongly associated with MSDs across all body regions (aORs 2.3–2.5). Age > 45 years, long working hours (>52 h), and high job strain also increased risks (aORs 1.4–2.3). On the additive scale, ergonomic risk combined with older age showed consistent synergy (RERI up to 1.5; SI >1.5), whereas combinations with long working hours or job strain showed attenuation (RERI < 0; SI < 1). Women reported higher crude prevalence but lower adjusted odds (aOR ≈ 0.9). Conclusions: This nationally representative study demonstrates that ergonomic risk, age, long working hours, and job strain are major determinants of MSDs. The validated Korean JEM provides a standardized tool for surveillance and compensation. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal inference. Future longitudinal research with objective exposure measures is needed to strengthen causal inference and guide tailored prevention. Full article

17 pages, 1494 KB

Open AccessArticle

Lipidomics Techniques Revealed the Adipogenic Differentiation Mechanism of Bovine Adipose-Derived Neural Crest Stem Cells

by Kai Zhang, Zhaotong Liang, Yilin Ding, Xianyi Song, Rui Zhao, Yibo Yan and Xiaopeng Tang

Animals 2025, 15(21), 3191; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15213191 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Bovine adipose-derived neural crest stem cells (baNCSCs) are an ideal model for studying the mechanism of adipogenesis. Lipidomics provides a powerful technical means to comprehensively analyze the dynamic changes in lipid metabolism during cell differentiation. However, the lipidomic remodeling throughout the adipogenic differentiation [...] Read more.

Bovine adipose-derived neural crest stem cells (baNCSCs) are an ideal model for studying the mechanism of adipogenesis. Lipidomics provides a powerful technical means to comprehensively analyze the dynamic changes in lipid metabolism during cell differentiation. However, the lipidomic remodeling throughout the adipogenic differentiation of baNCSCs is still lacking in-depth research. This study used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to perform non-targeted lipidomic analysis on baNCSCs on day 0 (CON0) and day 9 (DIF9) of adipogenic induction and differentiation. Differential lipid metabolites were screened through multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis. A total of 1639 lipid molecules were identified. Compared with the CON0 group, 568 lipids were significantly altered in the DIF9 group, involving 6 major categories and 20 subclasses. The relative content and types of triacylglycerols (TAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG) increased significantly, becoming the most important markers of successful differentiation. Glycerophospholipids (GP) underwent complex remodeling, with subclasses such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and cardiolipin (CL) significantly increased, indicating extensive restructuring of the cell and organelle membranes to adapt to lipid storage and energy metabolism. Sphingolipids (SP) such as ceramides (Cer) and sphingomyelins (SM) were generally downregulated. The content of acylcarnitines (ACar) and hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) increased, suggesting enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and metabolic health. This study systematically reveals the comprehensive lipidome reprogramming during the adipogenic differentiation of baNCSCs, which involves not only the accumulation of storage lipids but also the precise coordination of membrane lipid remodeling, signaling lipid regulation, and metabolic adaptation. These findings provide a valuable lipidomic perspective for understanding the molecular mechanism of bovine adipogenesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Nutrient Utilization, Product Quality, and Production Efficiency in Livestock Through Omics and Targeted Molecular Approaches)

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28 pages, 27115 KB

Open AccessArticle

Defying Death: A Multi-Omics Approach to Understanding Desiccation Tolerance and Senescence in Eragrostis nindensis

by Christine F. Madden, Brett Williams, Sagadevan Mundree, Sébastien Acket, Eric Ruelland, Henk W. M. Hilhorst and Jill M. Farrant

Plants 2025, 14(21), 3360; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213360 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Eragrostis nindensis is a resurrection grass capable of surviving near-complete desiccation. We compared non-senescent leaf tissue (NST) and senescent leaf tissue (ST) to investigate the cellular and molecular basis of desiccation tolerance and senescence. NST recovered fully after drying, while ST failed to [...] Read more.

Eragrostis nindensis is a resurrection grass capable of surviving near-complete desiccation. We compared non-senescent leaf tissue (NST) and senescent leaf tissue (ST) to investigate the cellular and molecular basis of desiccation tolerance and senescence. NST recovered fully after drying, while ST failed to regain viability. Integrated transcriptomic (using RNA-Seq), lipidomic (using LC-MS), and ultrastructural (Transmission Electron Microscopical) analyses revealed that NST maintain RNA processing, protein folding, and translational activity during desiccation. Lipidomic data and ultrastructure showed preferential accumulation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) and lipid droplets in NST, supporting membrane protection and energy buffering. In contrast, ST showed cellular collapse, reduced oleosin protein accumulation, and signatures of senescence. These findings highlight the importance of post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation, as well as lipid metabolism, in preserving cellular integrity during desiccation in this species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue ‘Omics’ and ‘Multi-Omics’ Insights into Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses)

16 pages, 4382 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Multimodal System for Comprehensive Cardiovascular Monitoring Using ECG, PCG, and PPG Signal Fusion

by Khang Thanh Tran, Thao Nguyen Tran, Dang Nguyen Huynh, Nguyen Khoa Le, Cao Dang Le, Huu Xuan Mai, Quang Linh Huynh and Trung Hau Nguyen

Sensors 2025, 25(21), 6708; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216708 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

This study proposes a low-cost, wearable multimodal system for comprehensive cardiovascular monitoring, integrating electrocardiogram (ECG), phonocardiogram (PCG), and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. By leveraging the complementary strengths of these modalities, the system extracts key physiological markers: pre-ejection period (PEP) from ECG–PCG fusion to assess [...] Read more.

This study proposes a low-cost, wearable multimodal system for comprehensive cardiovascular monitoring, integrating electrocardiogram (ECG), phonocardiogram (PCG), and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. By leveraging the complementary strengths of these modalities, the system extracts key physiological markers: pre-ejection period (PEP) from ECG–PCG fusion to assess myocardial electromechanical timing; pulse transit time (PTT) from PCG–PPG fusion to reflect arterial stiffness; and pulse arrival time (PAT) from ECG–PPG fusion to characterize heart–arterial coupling. Experimental results show that PEP is significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) but not age, suggesting that age-related changes primarily affect the arterial system rather than myocardial function. In contrast, both PTT and PAT demonstrate moderate negative correlations with age and BMI, supporting their relevance as noninvasive indicators of vascular aging. Additionally, PAT exhibits a significant sex-based difference, highlighting physiological disparities between male and female cardiovascular systems. Overall, the proposed fusion-based approach demonstrates technical feasibility and clinical potential for scalable, preventive cardiovascular healthcare, enabling early risk detection, continuous at-home monitoring, and improved long-term health management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Sensors)

14 pages, 891 KB

Open AccessArticle

Within- and Between-Subject Analyses of the Effects of Chronic Xylazine on Negative Phototaxis in Two Planarian Species

by Tom Byrne

Biomolecules 2025, 15(11), 1542; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15111542 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Xylazine, an adulterant found frequently in illicit fentanyl, has been implicated in causing several adverse effects in human recreational users, including skin lesions and complications in the treatment of opiate overdose. Despite these public health concerns, the literature on the basic behavioral effects [...] Read more.

Xylazine, an adulterant found frequently in illicit fentanyl, has been implicated in causing several adverse effects in human recreational users, including skin lesions and complications in the treatment of opiate overdose. Despite these public health concerns, the literature on the basic behavioral effects of xylazine is limited. Recent research has demonstrated that planarians show potential as an emerging and practical animal model for studying the behavioral effects of acute xylazine exposure. The goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the behavioral effects of chronic xylazine administration on negative phototaxis in two planarian species: Girardia tigrina and Schmidtea mediterranea. Three experiments were conducted. Overall, 10 µM of chronic xylazine exposure, arranged according to a multiple-baseline design, impaired negative phototaxis in S. mediterranea but not G. tigrina. An ABA reversal design indicated that behavioral effects in S. mediterranea abated when chronic xylazine was terminated. Finally, a between-group design replicated potential interspecies differences when G. tigrina and S. mediterranea were compared directly, with the latter showing significantly greater susceptibility to drug effects. This work provides evidence of the utility of a planarian model for studying the behavioral effects of xylazine and lays the foundation for further investigation into the chronic effects of the drug. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Planarian Model in Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience)

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25 pages, 1777 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid AHA-PLO Metaheuristic Feature Selection for Robust Deepfake Video Detection

by Aynur Koçak and Mustafa Alkan

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(21), 11716; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111716 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

The widespread use of deepfake technologies has increased the demand for accurate and effective detection methods. This study presents a novel deepfake detection framework that utilizes meta-heuristic feature selection to enhance classification performance. The performance of the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA), Polar Lights [...] Read more.

The widespread use of deepfake technologies has increased the demand for accurate and effective detection methods. This study presents a novel deepfake detection framework that utilizes meta-heuristic feature selection to enhance classification performance. The performance of the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA), Polar Lights Optimization (PLO), and their hybrid model, AHA-PLO, is investigated. The hybrid model aims to conduct a more effective search in the feature space by combining AHA’s global exploration ability with PLO’s local exploitation precision. Experimental evaluations conducted on two benchmark datasets, FaceForensics++ (FF++) and Celeb-DF (CDF), demonstrate that the proposed AHA-PLO model consistently outperforms its individual components, achieving state-of-the-art AUC scores of 99.36% on FF++ and 98.78% on CDF. These findings support the hybrid model’s potential as a robust and generalizable solution for deepfake video detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)

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16 pages, 8684 KB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Biological Characteristics and Pathogenic Potential of Listeria innocua Isolated from Food Through Comparative Genomics

by Bo Zhang, Runlai Cao, Qilin Wang, Pan Hu, Yacong Li, Ziyu Liu, Zhuqing Xue, Weiyang Wang, Shasha Zhang and Xiaoxu Wang

Microorganisms 2025, 13(11), 2525; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112525 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

L. monocytogenes is a common foodborne pathogen that typically causes infections through the consumption of food contaminated with this bacterium. This study seeks to elucidate the biodiversity as well as evolutionary characteristics of L. innocua strains from different regions using comparative genomics, exploring [...] Read more.

L. monocytogenes is a common foodborne pathogen that typically causes infections through the consumption of food contaminated with this bacterium. This study seeks to elucidate the biodiversity as well as evolutionary characteristics of L. innocua strains from different regions using comparative genomics, exploring the virulence and pathogenic potential of these strains. The findings are expected to deepen our understanding of L. innocua and provide valuable reference for public health risk assessment related to this bacterium. We performed comparative genomics on 108 food-source L. innocua isolates sourced from the USA, England, China, and Egypt to explore their biological traits and assess their pathogenic potential by predicting virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, with subsequent validation of pathogenicity through animal studies. Pan-genomic analysis showed that geographically distinct L. innocua strains possess open genomes, offering a stable genetic basis that facilitates adaptation to diverse environments. Through virulence gene prediction, we found that L. innocua strains from different regions harbor virulence genes identical to those found in pathogenic L. monocytogenes, such as inlA and inlB, as well as internal genes that may enhance the pathogenic potential of the strains. This finding demonstrates that L. innocua strains exhibit pathogenic potential. To validate their virulence, we subsequently conducted virulence assays utilizing the Galleria mellonella larval model. Following infection with L. innocua, 100% mortality was observed in a subset of Galleria mellonella larvae, albeit with a delayed time to death compared to L. monocytogenes infection. This indicates that while L. innocua exhibits attenuated virulence relative to L. monocytogenes, it retains pathogenicity. Consequently, the potential contribution of L. innocua to listeriosis cannot be overlooked in public health risk assessments. L. innocua strains isolated from food can carry virulence and resistance genes identical to those found in pathogenic L. monocytogenes strains, indicating that these L. innocua strains possess certain virulence and pathogenic potential, which was further validated through subsequent animal experimentation. This study enhances our genomic understanding of L. innocua and underscores that detecting its key virulence genes is critical for public health safety, thereby providing valuable insights into its pathogenic potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Public Health Microbiology)

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34 pages, 1885 KB

Open AccessReview

Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB): Pathophysiological Mechanisms Related to Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease

by Theodora M. Stougiannou, Theocharis Koufakis, Nikolaos Papanas and Dimos Karangelis

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(11), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47110911 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease caused by the resistance of tissues to the actions of insulin as well as the progressive failure to produce adequate amounts of insulin in pancreatic β-cells. Research has further shown that T2DM is characterized [...] Read more.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease caused by the resistance of tissues to the actions of insulin as well as the progressive failure to produce adequate amounts of insulin in pancreatic β-cells. Research has further shown that T2DM is characterized by a generalized state of low-grade inflammation; this inflammation is often related to overnutrition and obesity leading to an excess storage of lipid particles in adipose cells. Eventually, this will stimulate the pathophysiological pathways of cellular stress and inflammation. The inflammation characterizing T2DM can then contribute, along with other mechanisms of hyperglycemia, to the emergence of cardiovascular disease. Due to the resulting heart disease, many patients with T2DM may be inevitably required to undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a process also characterized by an intense inflammatory response with possible effects and disruptions in immune system functions. It is thus the purpose of this narrative review to summarize and present evidence in the literature related to the inflammatory interplay occurring between T2DM, cardiovascular disease, and cardiac surgery with CPB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Therapies and Disease Associations in Diabetes)

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25 pages, 1699 KB

Open AccessReview

Critical Evaluation of the Role of Transcription Factor RAR-Orphan Receptor-γt in the Development of Chronic Inflammatory Dermatological Diseases: A Promising Therapeutic Target

by Anik Pramanik, Pallabi Mondal and Sankar Bhattacharyya

Biomolecules 2025, 15(11), 1543; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15111543 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors regulated by ligands that direct metabolism, development, and immunity. The NR superfamily constitutes a principal category of pharmacological targets for human ailments. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) α, β, and γ are part of the nuclear [...] Read more.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors regulated by ligands that direct metabolism, development, and immunity. The NR superfamily constitutes a principal category of pharmacological targets for human ailments. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) α, β, and γ are part of the nuclear receptor superfamily. They are nevertheless classified as “orphan” receptors due to the contentious nature of identifying their endogenous ligands. RORγ nuclear receptor protein further consists of two isoforms, namely RORγ1 and RORγ2 or RORγt. RORγt is largely found in immune cells and has been primarily associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. The expression of STAT3 is a major driver of Th17 differentiation and induces RORγt expression through the JAK-STAT pathway. Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), Th17 cells, and γδT cells express RORγt, the master transcription regulator for the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin IL-17. In chronic inflammatory skin disorders, a significant increase in IL-17 has been observed, which plays a key role in both immune cell recruitment to the site of inflammation and the propagation of tissue damage. In this review, we will discuss how RORγt regulates IL-17-driven inflammation and explore potential strategies to target the RORγt-IL-17 axis as a viable therapeutic intervention in chronic inflammatory skin disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcription Factors in Hematopoiesis and Immunity: From Development to Therapeutic Targeting)

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19 pages, 362 KB

Open AccessArticle

Social Support, Service Use, Psychological Flexibility, and Well-Being Among Israeli Foster and Biological Parents of Children with Disabilities

by Shaked Ofer, Racheli Asgali, Liat Lifshitz, Ben Israel Shaul and Ayelet Gur

Disabilities 2025, 5(4), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities5040100 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Recognizing a dearth of understanding on the experiences of foster parents of children with disabilities, this study aimed to compare well-being, psychological flexibility, and social support among foster parents and biological parents of children with disabilities, as well as parents of children without [...] Read more.

Recognizing a dearth of understanding on the experiences of foster parents of children with disabilities, this study aimed to compare well-being, psychological flexibility, and social support among foster parents and biological parents of children with disabilities, as well as parents of children without disabilities, while exploring the impact of service use and social support on psychological flexibility and well-being. A convenience sample comprised 135 parents: 36 biological parents of children with disabilities, 32 foster parents of children with disabilities, and 67 biological parents of children without disabilities. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression. Results showed that foster parents of children with disabilities exhibited significantly higher psychological flexibility, well-being, and social support compared to biological parents of children with disabilities. Among biological parents of children with disabilities, psychological flexibility and well-being showed significant correlations with service satisfaction and social support, with social support explaining 62% of variance in psychological flexibility and 51% in well-being. Among foster parents of children with disabilities, neither service use nor social support significantly predicted psychological flexibility or well-being, suggesting different adaptive mechanisms. Among parents of children without disabilities, social support significantly predicted both psychological flexibility and well-being. The findings, which should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size, highlight the need for targeted support interventions for biological parents of children with disabilities and further research into foster care families’ unique experiences. Full article

20 pages, 5764 KB

Open AccessArticle

Lyapunov-Based Two-Degree-of-Freedom Model Reference Adaptive Control of Axial-Piston Pump

by Tsonyo Slavov, Alexander Mitov and Jordan Kralev

Mathematics 2025, 13(21), 3513; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213513 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

The article is devoted to the synthesis, implementation, simulation and experimental study of a real-time Lyapunov-based two-degree-of-freedom model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for an axial-piston pump. The controller of the developed real-time system determinates control signal values applied to the electro-hydraulic proportional [...] Read more.

The article is devoted to the synthesis, implementation, simulation and experimental study of a real-time Lyapunov-based two-degree-of-freedom model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for an axial-piston pump. The controller of the developed real-time system determinates control signal values applied to the electro-hydraulic proportional valve. The proportional valve is an actuator for driving the swash plate swivel angle of the pump. The swash plate swivel angle determines the displacement volume of the flow rate of the pump. The MRAC is synthesized based on the experimentally identified mathematical model. To conduct the identification and experimental investigation of the controller, the authors have used an existing laboratory test setup. The comparison of the designed MRAC with conventional PI controller is performed. The control performance analysis is based on integral square error (ISE) in transient responses of the pump flow rate at different flow rate references and loads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics Methods of Robotics and Intelligent Systems)

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22 pages, 2311 KB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Rainfall Estimation Using Rain Gauges and Weather Radar: Implications for Rainfall-Induced Landslides

by Michele De Biase, Valeria Lupiano, Francesco Chiaravalloti, Giulio Iovine, Marina Muto, Oreste Terranova, Vincenzo Tripodi and Luca Pisano

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(21), 3629; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17213629 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

The availability of reliable and spatially distributed rainfall data is a key element flood and landslide risk assessment, both for forecasting and post-event analysis. In this context, this study evaluates the contribution of radar-based rainfall estimates to enhancing the spatial accuracy of precipitation [...] Read more.

The availability of reliable and spatially distributed rainfall data is a key element flood and landslide risk assessment, both for forecasting and post-event analysis. In this context, this study evaluates the contribution of radar-based rainfall estimates to enhancing the spatial accuracy of precipitation fields with respect to those derived from rain gauge networks alone. The analysis was conducted over a ~100 km² area in the Liguria Region, north-western Italy, characterized by a dense rain gauge network, with an average density of one gauge per 10 km², and covers seven years of hourly rainfall observations. Radar-derived rainfall fields, available at a 1 × 1 km² spatial resolution, were locally corrected across the study area by interpolating gauge-based local correction factors through an Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) scheme. The corrected radar fields were then assessed through Leave-P-Out Cross-Validation and rainfall-intensity-based classification, also simulating scenarios with progressively reduced gauge density. The results demonstrate that radar-corrected estimates systematically provide a more accurate spatial representation of rainfall, especially for high-intensity events and in capturing the actual magnitude of local rainfall peaks, even in areas covered by a dense rain gauge network. Regarding the implications for rainfall-induced landslide hazard assessment, the analysis of 56 landslides from the ITALICA (Italian Rainfall-Induced Landslides Catalogue) database showed that including radar information can lead to significant differences in the estimation of rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation compared with gauge-only data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology)

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24 pages, 732 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

H_∞ Performance of FlexRay Protocol-Based Networked Control Systems Subjected to Randomly Occurring Cyber Attacks

by Yuwen Shen and Manfeng Hu

Mathematics 2025, 13(21), 3515; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213515 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

This paper investigates the mean square exponential stability (MSES) and

H_{\infty}

performance analysis of discrete networked control systems (NCSs) based on the FlexRay protocol (FRP) when confronted with randomly occurring cyber attacks (ROCAs). In order to deal with network congestion due to [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the mean square exponential stability (MSES) and

H_{\infty}

performance analysis of discrete networked control systems (NCSs) based on the FlexRay protocol (FRP) when confronted with randomly occurring cyber attacks (ROCAs). In order to deal with network congestion due to the limited bandwidth, the FRP is used to schedule the information exchange. Besides, a comprehensive attack model is built by simultaneously considering false data injection (FDI) attacks and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Then, a mode-dependent output feedback controller is designed on this basis. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for the MSES and

H_{\infty}

performance of the considered system are derived under the mode-dependent Lyapunov function and average dwell time (ADT) constraints. Subsequently, the controller gains of two modes are determined by solving the recursive linear matrix inequalities (RLMIs) and the FRP-based MSES algorithm is also presented. The simulation verifies that the proposed algorithm maintains the system stability with good robustness and

H_{\infty}

performance under ROCAs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section E: Applied Mathematics)

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20 pages, 3074 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hydro-Sedimentary Dynamics and Channel Evolution in the Mid-Huai River Under Changing Environments: A Case Study of the Wujiadu-Xiaoliuxiang Reach

by Kai Cheng, Jin Ni, Hui Zhang, Haitian Lu and Peng Wu

Water 2025, 17(21), 3147; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17213147 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Within the context of global climate change, the hydrological and sediment load dynamics in the Huai River Basin are expected to continue evolving due to intensified human activities and environmental changes. Effective river management requires a clear understanding of the magnitude, causes, and [...] Read more.

Within the context of global climate change, the hydrological and sediment load dynamics in the Huai River Basin are expected to continue evolving due to intensified human activities and environmental changes. Effective river management requires a clear understanding of the magnitude, causes, and characteristics of these changes, coupled with insight into the dynamic response processes of the river channel. This study applied a suite of statistical methods, including the Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, Pettitt’s test, double mass curve, and morphological analysis, to examine trends in streamflow and sediment load at two hydrological stations in the mid-Huai River from 1982 to 2016, and to assess channel evolution between Wujiadu and Xiaoliuxiang. The results indicate that: (1) both hydrological stations exhibited no significant decrease in annual streamflow, but a significant reduction in sediment load, with a change point detected in 1991 at Wujiadu Station; (2) compared to 1982–1990, the mean streamflow and sediment load decreased by 23% and 50% during 1991–2016, with a significant shift in the streamflow-sediment relationship; (3) while temperature and evapotranspiration increased significantly, precipitation remained relatively stable, indicating that climate change had a minor effect on hydrological elements, and sediment load reduction was primarily driven by large-scale ecological restoration and engineering activities; and (4) differential channel adjustments were observed in response to reduced sediment supply and human activities, modulated by local boundary conditions. Erosion occurred in the WJD section, resulting in a transformation from a U-shape to a V-shape cross-section, whereas the XLX section remained stable with a local adverse gradient. This study reveals the complex mechanisms of hydro-sedimentary and channel evolution under human dominance, offering scientific support for the sustainable management of the Huai River basin and similar regulated rivers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Vegetation on Open Channel Flow and Sediment Transport)

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24 pages, 14236 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ni-Based Coatings on Molybdenum: Influence of Current Density and Basalt on Mechanical Properties and Forensic Relevance

by Ivana O. Mladenović, Vladislav Jovanov, Željko Radovanović, Vera Obradović, Rastko Vasilić, Radmila Jančić-Heinemann and Nebojša D. Nikolić

Metals 2025, 15(11), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15111219 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Ni and Ni/basalt (Ni/Bst) coatings prepared by the electrodeposition on Mo substrate were analyzed with the aim of their potential application in forensics. The coatings of Ni and Ni/Bst are produced galvanostatically from the sulfamate electrolyte at different current densities and characterized by [...] Read more.

Ni and Ni/basalt (Ni/Bst) coatings prepared by the electrodeposition on Mo substrate were analyzed with the aim of their potential application in forensics. The coatings of Ni and Ni/Bst are produced galvanostatically from the sulfamate electrolyte at different current densities and characterized by scanning electron microscope (morphology), X-ray diffraction (structure) and Vickers microindentation (microhardness). The wettability of Ni and Ni/Bst coatings was also investigated. While morphology and microhardness of the coatings strongly depended on the current density of electrodeposition and the presence of basalt particles in the electrolyte, the effect of basalt addition on structure of the coatings was not observed. The microhardness of Ni coatings was in the (1.6951–5.7246) GPa range, while the addition of basalt particles increased the range to (5.8206–10.7981) GPa. Both Ni and Ni/Bst coatings were hydrophilic, whereas comparison of the coatings obtained at the same current density showed that incorporation of the basalt particles in the coating decreases the degree of hydrophilicity, as observed by the increase in the water contact angle (WCA). The largest WCA, i.e., the smallest hydrophilicity, showed Ni/Bst coating produced at 30 mA cm⁻² (WCA ≈ 75.5°), and was about 46.7% larger than that of Mo substrate (WCA ≈ 51.5°). This coating also showed the best development of latent fingerprints with clearly visible ridge details, indicating that there is strong correlation between fingerprint development and the wettability of the coatings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Powder Metallurgy)

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21 pages, 969 KB

Open AccessArticle

ChatGPT Acceptance Among Students: An Information System View

by László Berényi, Ede Lázár and Szilárd Madaras

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(11), 1464; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15111464 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

The emergence of generative AI, particularly the widespread accessibility of ChatGPT, has led to challenges for higher education. The extent and manner of use are under debate. Local empirical investigations about the use and acceptance of ChatGPT contribute to effective policymaking. The study [...] Read more.

The emergence of generative AI, particularly the widespread accessibility of ChatGPT, has led to challenges for higher education. The extent and manner of use are under debate. Local empirical investigations about the use and acceptance of ChatGPT contribute to effective policymaking. The study employs a specialized approach, utilizing an information system view based on the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model as its theoretical framework. A survey was conducted to assess students’ opinions about ChatGPT regarding its usefulness in their studies. The model was tested using PLS-SEM with 466 Hungarian and Romanian higher education students. The model examined six constructs as information quality, system quality, service quality, use, user satisfaction, and net benefits. The results confirmed the effects of information quality and system quality on use and satisfaction, whereas service quality did not make a significant contribution. Satisfaction was found to be the key driver to use. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of AI acceptance in higher education and provides valuable considerations for policymaking. A data-oriented, task-focused policymaking is recommended over system-based regulation. Additionally, a comprehensive framework model is required for international comparisons, which combines information systems success and technology acceptance models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Higher Education)

24 pages, 1599 KB

Open AccessReview

Perioperative Anesthetic Management in Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery: A Narrative Review with Focus on Neuromuscular Disorders

by Barbora Nedomová, Boris Liščák, Soňa Urbanová, Štefan Pavlík, Rudolf Riedel and Vlasta Dostálová

Children 2025, 12(11), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12111481 (registering DOI) - 2 Nov 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Scoliosis surgery in pediatric patients, particularly those with neuromuscular disorders, is associated with increased perioperative risk due to respiratory insufficiency, cardiovascular comorbidities, and nutritional deficiencies. This review aims to summarize current evidence-based approaches to anesthetic management in this vulnerable population. Methods: A [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Scoliosis surgery in pediatric patients, particularly those with neuromuscular disorders, is associated with increased perioperative risk due to respiratory insufficiency, cardiovascular comorbidities, and nutritional deficiencies. This review aims to summarize current evidence-based approaches to anesthetic management in this vulnerable population. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted focusing on anesthetic strategies and multidisciplinary protocols used in the perioperative care of children with neuromuscular conditions undergoing scoliosis surgery. Emphasis was placed on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), blood conservation techniques, and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) principles. Results: Key management strategies include individualized preoperative risk assessment, use of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) to preserve IONM signal integrity, and the implementation of blood conservation methods such as antifibrinolytic therapy and intraoperative cell salvage. Additional perioperative considerations include maintaining normothermia, careful positioning, and multimodal analgesia. Postoperative care should incorporate structured respiratory support and early mobilization within the ERAS pathway to promote recovery and reduce complications. Conclusions: The perioperative care of pediatric patients with neuromuscular scoliosis undergoing spinal surgery requires a multidisciplinary and individualized anesthetic approach. Adherence to evidence-based protocols, including TIVA, blood management strategies, and ERAS principles, is essential for minimizing perioperative complications and improving outcomes in this high-risk group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Anesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care (2nd Edition))

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