Life

16 pages, 1663 KB

Open AccessArticle

Physicochemical, Functional, and Antioxidant Properties of Pectic Polysaccharides Extracted from Three Bast Fibrous Plants

by Jialing Tang, Xi Li, Da Xu, Genggui Liu, Xiaoqin Zhang, Xiaofei Xiong, Xiai Yang, Xiaoli Qin, Yanchun Deng, Chunsheng Hou and Xiushi Yang

Life 2025, 15(10), 1618; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101618 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Bast fibrous plants are recognized as potential sources of pectin, yet the structural characteristics and functional properties of pectic polysaccharides derived from these plants remain insufficiently investigated. In this study, three pectic polysaccharides (HP, KP, and RP) were isolated from the bast fibers [...] Read more.

Bast fibrous plants are recognized as potential sources of pectin, yet the structural characteristics and functional properties of pectic polysaccharides derived from these plants remain insufficiently investigated. In this study, three pectic polysaccharides (HP, KP, and RP) were isolated from the bast fibers of Cannabis sativa L. (hemp), Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf), and Boehmeria nivea L. (ramie) using an ammonium oxalate solution. Their chemical composition, monosaccharide profile, molecular weight, microstructure, and functional groups were analyzed by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. These polysaccharides exhibited remarkable uronic acid content (50.49–61.14%), a relatively low degree of esterification (19.51–34.26%), and high molecular weights ranging from 147.10 to 242.16 kDa. The predominant neutral sugars identified were rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. Furthermore, HP, KP, and RP demonstrated superior thermal stability, emulsifying properties, water/oil holding capacity, and cholesterol binding ability compared with commercial citrus pectin (CP). They also exhibited stronger radical scavenging activity, with KP showing particularly notable antioxidant performance (IC₅₀ = 1856 and 1485 μg/mL for the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively). Overall, these findings indicate that bast fibrous plants are promising alternative sources of pectic polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant properties, supporting their potential application as food additives or functional ingredients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)

12 pages, 331 KB

Open AccessArticle

Idarucizumab Reversal in Subdural Hemorrhage: A Single-Center Experience

by Anita Mrvar Brečko, Monika Simerl Jožef, Ana Trebše, Matija Zupan, Tomaž Velnar and Senta Frol

Life 2025, 15(10), 1617; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101617 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Prompt reversal of anticoagulation in the elderly population with subdural hematoma (SDH) is critical to reduce morbidity and facilitate timely surgical intervention. In patients receiving dabigatran, idarucizumab provides rapid anticoagulation reversal. We evaluated clinical and radiological outcomes of dabigatran-treated SDH patients receiving idarucizumab, [...] Read more.

Prompt reversal of anticoagulation in the elderly population with subdural hematoma (SDH) is critical to reduce morbidity and facilitate timely surgical intervention. In patients receiving dabigatran, idarucizumab provides rapid anticoagulation reversal. We evaluated clinical and radiological outcomes of dabigatran-treated SDH patients receiving idarucizumab, including those undergoing surgical management. We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study of dabigatran-treated patients who received idarucizumab reversal for traumatic or spontaneous SDH between 2016 and 2024. Hematoma evolution was monitored using follow-up computed tomography. Clinical and neurological outcomes were recorded. Of eleven included patients (mean age 80.8 ± 6.7 years; 36% female), falls were the primary cause (64%). SDH was chronic in 64% and acute in 36%, with associated traumatic lesions in 33%. Surgical evacuation was performed in 82% of cases. Anticoagulation was resumed in 27% of patients within 3–4 weeks post-discharge. The median Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) score was 5, indicating moderate disability. In-hospital mortality was 9.1%. Idarucizumab enabled rapid and safe dabigatran reversal in this high-risk elderly cohort, supporting both surgical and conservative SDH management. Functional outcomes were moderate and mortality was low, underscoring its clinical utility. Targeted reversal strategies remain essential, and further research should refine long-term anticoagulation management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

28 pages, 3390 KB

Open AccessArticle

Improvement of Premium Oil Soybean Variety Heinong 551 with Integrating Conventional Hybridization and Gamma Radiation

by Xiulin Liu, Xueyang Wang, Kezhen Zhao, Chunlei Zhang, Fengyi Zhang, Rongqiang Yuan, Sobhi F. Lamlom, Honglei Ren and Bixian Zhang

Life 2025, 15(10), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101616 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Meeting the growing demand for vegetable oil while promoting agricultural sustainability in Northeast China requires developing high-yield, high-oil-content soybean varieties. We present the comprehensive development and evaluation of Heinong 551, an innovative soybean variety created through an integrated approach of conventional breeding methods [...] Read more.

Meeting the growing demand for vegetable oil while promoting agricultural sustainability in Northeast China requires developing high-yield, high-oil-content soybean varieties. We present the comprehensive development and evaluation of Heinong 551, an innovative soybean variety created through an integrated approach of conventional breeding methods and radiation-induced mutation techniques. The breeding program began with hybridization between Heinong 44 (the maternal parent) and Hefeng 47 (the paternal parent), followed by targeted exposure to ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation at 130 Gy to induce beneficial mutations. Using systematic selection protocols over five generations from 2012 to 2016, we identified superior lines that underwent rigorous multi-location testing across seven sites in Heilongjiang Province during 2020–2021. Field evaluation results showed consistent performance, with Heinong 551 achieving average yields of 2901 kg/ha and 3142 kg/ha in those years, representing significant gains of 10. 6% and 11.0. 0% compared to standard control varieties. The cultivar maintained stable phenological traits with a reliable 120-day maturation period and demonstrated strong environmental adaptability across different growing conditions. Biochemical analysis revealed excellent nutritional value, with 39.45% crude protein and 21.69% crude fat, reaching a combined protein–fat percentage of 61.14%. Quality tests confirmed superior seed integrity, with sound seed rates over 97% and minimal pest or disease damage. Disease resistance assessments showed moderate tolerance to gray leaf spot while maintaining excellent overall plant health, with no signs of viral infections or nematode infestations during testing. Heinong 551 has received official approval for cultivation in Heilongjiang Province’ s second accumulated temperature zone, characterized by thermal units ≥ 2550 °C above a 10 °C threshold. This represents significant progress in high-oil soybean variety development, illustrating the success of combining traditional breeding methods with modern mutation technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)

28 pages, 579 KB

Open AccessReview

Safety in Spine Surgery: Risk Factors for Intraoperative Blood Loss and Management Strategies

by Magdalena Rybaczek, Piotr Kowalski, Zenon Mariak, Michał Grabala, Joanna Suszczyńska, Tomasz Łysoń and Paweł Grabala

Life 2025, 15(10), 1615; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101615 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Massive intraoperative blood loss (IBL) is a serious complication in complex spine surgeries such as deformity correction, multilevel fusion, tumor resection, and revision procedures. While no strict definition exists, blood loss exceeding 1500 mL or 20% of estimated blood volume is generally [...] Read more.

Background: Massive intraoperative blood loss (IBL) is a serious complication in complex spine surgeries such as deformity correction, multilevel fusion, tumor resection, and revision procedures. While no strict definition exists, blood loss exceeding 1500 mL or 20% of estimated blood volume is generally considered clinically significant. Excessive bleeding increases the risk of hemodynamic instability, transfusion-related complications, postoperative infection, and prolonged hospitalization. Methods: This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of the incidence, risk factors, anatomical vulnerabilities, and evidence-based strategies for managing IBL in spine surgery through comprehensive literature analysis of recent studies and clinical guidelines. Results: Key risk factors include patient characteristics (anemia, obesity, advanced age, medication use), surgical variables (multilevel instrumentation, revision status, operative time), and pathological conditions (hypervascular tumors, severe deformity). Perioperative medication management is critical, requiring discontinuation of NSAIDs (5–7 days), antiplatelet agents (5–7 days), and NOACs (48–72 h) preoperatively to minimize bleeding risk. The thoracolumbar junction and hypervascular spinal lesions are especially prone to bleeding due to dense vascular anatomy. Evidence-based management strategies include comprehensive preoperative optimization, intraoperative hemostatic techniques, antifibrinolytic agents, topical hemostatic products, cell salvage technology, and structured transfusion protocols. Conclusions: Effective management of massive IBL requires a multimodal approach combining preoperative risk assessment and medication optimization, intraoperative hemostatic strategies including tranexamic acid administration, advanced monitoring techniques, and coordinated transfusion protocols. Particular attention to perioperative management of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications is essential for bleeding risk mitigation. Understanding patient-specific risk factors, surgical complexity, and anatomical considerations enables surgeons to implement targeted prevention and management strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing complications in high-risk spine surgery procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Postoperative Management of Patients After Surgery)

17 pages, 2716 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Performance Comparison of Brain MRI Image-Based Abnormality Classification Models

by Jinhyoung Jeong, Sohyeon Bang, Yuyeon Jung and Jaehyun Jo

Life 2025, 15(10), 1614; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101614 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

We developed a model that classifies normal and abnormal brain MRI images. This study initially referenced a small-scale real patient dataset (98 normal and 155 abnormal MRI images) provided by the National Institute of Aging (NIA) to illustrate the class imbalance challenge. However, [...] Read more.

We developed a model that classifies normal and abnormal brain MRI images. This study initially referenced a small-scale real patient dataset (98 normal and 155 abnormal MRI images) provided by the National Institute of Aging (NIA) to illustrate the class imbalance challenge. However, all experiments and performance evaluations were conducted on a larger synthetic dataset (10,000 images; 5000 normal and 5000 abnormal) generated from the National Imaging System (NIS/AI Hub). Therefore, while the NIA dataset highlights the limitations of real-world data availability, the reported results are based exclusively on the synthetic dataset. In the preprocessing step, all MRI images were normalized to the same size, and data augmentation techniques such as rotation, translation, and flipping were applied to increase data diversity and reduce overfitting during training. Based on deep learning, we fine-tuned our own CNN model and a ResNet-50 transfer learning model using ImageNet pretrained weights. We also compared the performance of our model with traditional machine learning using SVM (RBF kernel) and random forest classifiers. Experimental results showed that the ResNet-50 transfer learning model achieved the best performance, achieving approximately 95% accuracy and a high F1 score on the test set, while our own CNN also performed well. In contrast, SVM and random forests showed relatively poor performance due to their inability to sufficiently learn the complex characteristics of the images. This study confirmed that deep learning techniques, including transfer learning, achieve excellent brain abnormality detection performance even with limited real-world medical data. These results highlight methodological potential but should be interpreted with caution, as further validation with real-world clinical MRI data is required before clinical applicability can be established. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine)

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6 pages, 157 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Bridging Gaps in Heart Failure Science: Toward a More Integrated Future

by Ju-Chi Liu and Tzu-Hurng Cheng

Life 2025, 15(10), 1613; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101613 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Heart failure remains a significant global health concern, profoundly impacting the lives of millions and placing considerable strain on healthcare systems worldwide [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Heart Failure Research)

14 pages, 721 KB

Open AccessArticle

Circulation of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens Species in Mosquitoes in the Southeastern Part of Romania, Under the Influence of Climate Change

by Larisa Ivănescu, Raluca Mîndru, Ilie Bodale, Gabriela-Victoria Apopei, Lavinia Andronic, Smaranda Hristodorescu, Doina Azoicăi and Liviu Miron

Life 2025, 15(10), 1612; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101612 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Dirofilariosis, a parasitic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, primarily affects dogs but can also infect other carnivores and, more rarely, humans. In Europe, the most commonly involved species are D. immitis and D. repens, transmitted through the bites [...] Read more.

Dirofilariosis, a parasitic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, primarily affects dogs but can also infect other carnivores and, more rarely, humans. In Europe, the most commonly involved species are D. immitis and D. repens, transmitted through the bites of mosquito vectors. This study, conducted in Tulcea County between April and October 2024, aimed to determine the prevalence of D. immitis and D. repens in mosquitoes. A total of 1507 mosquitoes were collected and grouped into 76 pools, and subsequently molecular analysis was carried out using qPCR. The estimated infection rate (EIR) was calculated using statistical methods available in the ‘binGroup’ package in R, which allow the determination of the point estimate and confidence interval (CI) for a single binomial proportion in group testing. The study revealed a high infection rate with D. immitis (48%), while D. repens was identified in only two pools. The species with the highest vector potential was Anopheles maculipennis (PTP = 75%, EIR = 0.1168 with both Dirofilaria species), followed by Aedes vexans. Notably, Aedes albopictus was identified for the first time in Tulcea, and all individuals were positive for D. immitis. Simulations of local thermal conditions using the proposed model show that the favorable time window for mosquitoes will increase until 2100. Our results indicate an established and active transmission cycle of D. immitis in the region, a situation projected to intensify with climate change requiring urgent monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Anatomy: 3rd Edition)

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19 pages, 10107 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Ultrastructural Effects on Conjunctival Epithelial Cells of a New Multiple-Action Artificial Tear Containing Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid, Cationic Liposomes, and Trehalose with Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Pilot Study

by Salvatore Del Prete, Daniela Marasco, Salvatore Troisi, Mario Troisi and Antonio Del Prete

Life 2025, 15(10), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101611 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Trimix^® on the microvilli and glycocalyx of ocular conjunctival epithelial cells, assessing drug persistence on the cell surface and its interaction with the glycocalyx. Microvilli, vital indicators of cellular health, are altered in [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Trimix^® on the microvilli and glycocalyx of ocular conjunctival epithelial cells, assessing drug persistence on the cell surface and its interaction with the glycocalyx. Microvilli, vital indicators of cellular health, are altered in inflammatory or toxic conditions, making their restoration a key therapeutic target. Method: Building upon previous scanning electron microscopy work, this investigation utilized Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to delve into the direct interaction between Trimix and the cell membrane, elucidating its role in cellular mechanisms. The research involved both an in vitro phase, examining the drug’s molecular arrangement, and an in vivo phase, treating three subjects (healthy, moderate inflammation, severe dry eye) for 30 days. Cytological samples were taken via impression cytology for TEM analysis to observe the drug’s long-term action and its influence on microvillar structures, glycocalyx, and vesicular transport. Results: We demonstrated that Trimix stimulated vesicular transport and promoted the formation of a rudimentary glycocalyx, significantly increasing its presence and the number of microvilli in treated patients across all inflammatory grades, even in severe dry eye. Conclusions: In conclusion, Trimix acts as an effective glycocalyx substitute, restoring the second mucosal system (SMS) and enabling distressed cells to resume essential exchange functions, offering a novel therapeutic approach for dry eye disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering)

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52 pages, 3943 KB

Open AccessReview

Applications of Modern Cell Therapies: The Latest Data in Ophthalmology

by Ioannis Iliadis, Nadezhda A. Pechnikova, Malamati Poimenidou, Diamantis D. Almaliotis, Ioannis Tsinopoulos, Tamara V. Yaremenko and Alexey V. Yaremenko

Life 2025, 15(10), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101610 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Cell-based therapeutics are redefining interventions for vision loss by enabling tissue replacement, regeneration, and neuroprotection. This review surveys contemporary cellular strategies in ophthalmology through the lenses of therapeutic effectiveness, translational readiness, and governance. We profile principal sources—embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal [...] Read more.

Cell-based therapeutics are redefining interventions for vision loss by enabling tissue replacement, regeneration, and neuroprotection. This review surveys contemporary cellular strategies in ophthalmology through the lenses of therapeutic effectiveness, translational readiness, and governance. We profile principal sources—embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, retinal pigment epithelium, retinal progenitor and limbal stem cells—and enabling platforms including extracellular vesicles, encapsulated cell technology and biomaterial scaffolds. We synthesize clinical evidence across age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal dystrophies, and corneal injury/limbal stem-cell deficiency, and highlight emerging applications for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Delivery routes (subretinal, intravitreal, anterior segment) and graft formats (single cells, sheets/patches, organoids) are compared using standardized structural and functional endpoints. Persistent barriers include GMP-compliant derivation and release testing; differentiation fidelity, maturation, and potency; genomic stability and tumorigenicity risk; graft survival, synaptic integration, and immune rejection despite ocular immune privilege; the scarcity of validated biomarkers and harmonized outcome measures and ethical, regulatory, and health-economic constraints. Promising trajectories span off-the-shelf allogeneic products, patient-specific iPSC-derived grafts, organoid and 3D-bioprinted tissues, gene-plus-cell combinations, and cell-free extracellular-vesicle therapeutics. Overall, cell-based therapies remain investigational. With adequately powered trials, methodological harmonization, long-term surveillance, scalable xeno-free manufacturing, and equitable access frameworks, they may eventually become standards of care; at present, approvals are limited to specific products/indications and regions, and no cell therapy is the standard of care for retinal disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomedical Frontier Technologies and Disease Diagnosis)

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25 pages, 2279 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Analysis of Gremlin-1 (GREM1), Hyaluronic Acid Synthetase-2 (HAS2), and Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase-2 (PTGS2) Expression in Cumulus Cells Among Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve Following Rescue In Vitro Maturation (r-IVM)

by Mohd Faizal Ahmad, Marjanu Hikmah Elias, Norazilah Mat Jin, Muhammad Azrai Abu, Saiful Effendi Syafruddin, Ani Amelia Zainuddin, Shah Shamsul Azhar, Nao Suzuki and Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim

Life 2025, 15(10), 1609; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101609 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Managing women with diminished ovarian reserve for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is challenging, often resulting in low oocyte yield and cycle failures. We hypothesize that coupling in vitro fertilization (IVF) with rescue in vitro maturation (r-IVM) can improve overall maturation rates without compromising [...] Read more.

Managing women with diminished ovarian reserve for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is challenging, often resulting in low oocyte yield and cycle failures. We hypothesize that coupling in vitro fertilization (IVF) with rescue in vitro maturation (r-IVM) can improve overall maturation rates without compromising the overall IVF outcome. Our study compared DOR and normal ovarian reserve (NOR) cohorts by evaluating 15 immature oocyte progressions following r-IVM. We analyzed the gene expression of cumulus cells related to GREM1, PTGS2, and HAS2 to correlate with OQ, EQ, and overall IVF outcome. Significant differences were noted in AMH levels, AFCs, and oocyte numbers (p < 0.05). Following r-IVM, the DOR cohort achieved a 50% maturation rate with improved overall quality; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Fertilization rates were comparable, but EQ was better in DOR. All genes in DOR were upregulated post-r-IVM, whereas NOR showed downregulation of PTGS2 and GREM1 (p < 0.05). Otherwise, DOR exhibited higher pregnancy rates and live birth rates, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that r-IVM could provide improved fertility outcomes for DOR women in standard IVF cycles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Laboratory Advancements and Challenges in Medically Assisted Reproduction)

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27 pages, 1066 KB

Open AccessReview

Arrhythmias in Systemic Sclerosis: A Call for Interdisciplinarity Teams

by Diana Elena Costan, Veronica Ungurean, Monica Claudia Dobos, Anca Ouatu, Paula Cristina Morariu, Alexandru Florinel Oancea, Maria Mihaela Godun, Diana-Elena Floria, Dragos Traian Marcu, Genoveva Livia Baroi, Silviu Marcel Stanciu, Anton Knieling, Daniela Maria Tanase, Codrina Ancuta and Mariana Floria

Life 2025, 15(10), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101608 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis, systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction, with manifestations that can affect multiple organs, including the heart. Cardiac involvement in SSc is often underdiagnosed, although it can have serious consequences on the [...] Read more.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis, systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction, with manifestations that can affect multiple organs, including the heart. Cardiac involvement in SSc is often underdiagnosed, although it can have serious consequences on the prognosis, especially the occurrence of arrhythmias. These rhythm disturbances can result from direct damage to the myocardium, the conduction system, or the coronary microcirculation. Equally, the medication used can have iatrogenic consequences manifested by severe arrhythmias. Methodology: The aim of this study was to provide a synthesis of incidence, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies of arrhythmias associated with SSc. The potential effects of immunomodulatory therapies, such as conventional immunosuppressants and biological therapies, on cardiac electrical function were also analyzed. This narrative review could present the state of the art on arrhythmias associated with SSc, which could serve as a practical guide. In clinical practice, it is necessary to establish a team that includes cardiologists and rheumatologists as well as other specialists to contribute to a correct diagnosis followed by an optimal therapy in patients with SSc. Results: Current data suggest that diffuse myocardial fibrosis, silent ischemia, and inflammatory infiltration may alter the propagation of the electrical impulse in the heart, favoring the occurrence of arrhythmias. Atrioventricular blocks, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and atrial fibrillation are the most commonly reported rhythm abnormalities in SSc. Also, some therapies used in the treatment of the disease may influence the arrhythmic risk. Conclusions: Cardiac arrhythmias in SSc can have a significant impact on the prognosis of patients, which is why a multidisciplinary approach is essential. Collaboration between rheumatologists, cardiologists, and electrophysiologists is crucial for the early identification and appropriate management of arrhythmic risk in this patient group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)

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2 pages, 729 KB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Ahsan et al. Effectual Endeavors of Silk Protein Sericin against Isoproterenol Induced Cardiac Toxicity and Hypertrophy in Wistar Rats. Life 2022, 12, 1063

by Farogh Ahsan, Tarique Mahmood, Tanveer A. Wani, Seema Zargar, Mohammed Haris Siddiqui, Shazia Usmani, Arshiya Shamim and Muhammad Wahajuddin

Life 2025, 15(10), 1607; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101607 - 16 Oct 2025

Abstract

In the original publication [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)

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20 pages, 4302 KB

Open AccessArticle

Supplementation of Trimethylamine N-Oxide or Betaine in Semen Improves Quality of Boar Spermatozoa Stored at 17 °C Following Hydrostatic Pressure Stress

by Cheng Qin, Guangyuan Lu, Xiao Lin, Zhongkai Wang, Shiyu Yang, Liqiong Teng, Xin Lin, Fangfang Li, Shouping Huang and Chuanhuo Hu

Life 2025, 15(10), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101606 - 15 Oct 2025

Abstract

HP, as an isotropic physical stress, has been widely applied in cell biology and reproductive research to simulate the effects of environmental pressure on cellular functions. In this study, the elastic silicone membrane of a novel bionic insemination catheter was employed as the [...] Read more.

HP, as an isotropic physical stress, has been widely applied in cell biology and reproductive research to simulate the effects of environmental pressure on cellular functions. In this study, the elastic silicone membrane of a novel bionic insemination catheter was employed as the pressure medium, with semen perfused into a sealed silicone chamber. As the silicone membrane underwent controlled deformation, the liquid inside the chamber generated a nearly uniform isotropic pressure, thereby maintaining spermatozoa in a stable HP environment. Boar sperm are susceptible to physiological and functional damage under HP stress, which can impair fertilization capacity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TMAO, BET, or their combination on the quality of semen from eight Landrace boars under HP during storage at 17 °C (experiment repeated three times). Semen was collected using the manual collection method and treated with different concentrations of TMAO or BET. Sperm motility parameters were assessed using a CASA system to determine the optimal concentrations. Subsequently, experimental groups were established: the fresh group, HP control group, T group (optimal TMAO), B group (optimal BET), and H group (optimal TMAO + BET). The results showed that the optimal concentrations were 8 mmol/L for TMAO and 20 mmol/L for BET. Compared with the HP control group, the T, B, and H groups showed significantly improved sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and plasma membrane integrity (p < 0.05), and significantly reduced DFI, ROS, MDA, and NO contents (p < 0.05), while acrosome integrity showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Additionally, the B group showed significantly increased T-AOC (p < 0.05). Non-targeted lipidomic analysis revealed 49 differential lipids in the T group, 262 in the B group, and 269 in the H group compared with the HP control. These differential lipids were mainly associated with PC, AcCa, and sphingolipid signaling pathways, with key sphingolipid pathway lipids including Cer, SM, and DG. These findings indicate that BET and TMAO + BET improve HP-induced sperm damage by modulating the sphingolipid signaling pathway and maintaining PC and AcCa levels, whereas TMAO alone may exert protective effects through additional mechanisms. In conclusion, TMAO, BET, or their combination effectively mitigates the detrimental effects of HP on boar sperm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Science)

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14 pages, 1437 KB

Open AccessArticle

The First Complete Mitogenome Characterization of Brown Alga Dictyota coriacea (Phaeophyceae, Heterokontophyta) and Its Phylogenetic Analysis

by Maheshkumar Prakash Patil, Hee-Eun Woo, Young Jae Jeon, Shin-Ichi Kitamura, Young-Ryun Kim, Jong-Oh Kim and Kyunghoi Kim

Life 2025, 15(10), 1605; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101605 - 15 Oct 2025

Abstract

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) play vital ecological roles in marine ecosystems and are important models for studying organelle genome evolution. Despite their significance, mitogenome data for many taxa remain limited. In this study, we present the complete mitogenome sequence of Dictyota coriacea, a [...] Read more.

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) play vital ecological roles in marine ecosystems and are important models for studying organelle genome evolution. Despite their significance, mitogenome data for many taxa remain limited. In this study, we present the complete mitogenome sequence of Dictyota coriacea, a representative brown alga from the family Dictyotaceae (Phaeophyceae). The circular mitogenome of D. coriacea is 31,573 bp in length and encodes 62 genes, including 35 protein-coding genes (PCGs; including uncharacterized open reading frame (orf109)), 25 tRNAs, and 3 rRNAs. The overall gene content and arrangement are largely conserved and consistent with other Dictyotaceae species. However, minor but notable genomic variations were observed, such as gene overlaps, variation in gene lengths, and differences in tRNA gene copy numbers, and the absence of rpl31. All PCGs use standard start and stop codons, with most initiating with ATG and terminating with TAA, TAG, or TGA. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed D. coriacea’s close relationship with D. dichotoma, Dictyopteris divaricata, and Dictyotopsis propagulifera, supporting its taxonomic placement. This study’s findings improve our understanding of algae evolution and provide useful genetic markers for future research on evolutionary relationships and species classification within this group of algae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genetics and Genomics)

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14 pages, 1707 KB

Open AccessArticle

Vaginal Microbiome and Functional Pathway Alterations in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Revealed by 16S rRNA Sequencing

by Sangho Nam, Subeen Hong, In Yang Park and Sun Shin

Life 2025, 15(10), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101604 - 15 Oct 2025

Abstract

Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a leading cause of preterm birth and significant neonatal morbidity. The vaginal microbiome is implicated in its pathogenesis, but its detailed characteristics and functional consequences remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to provide a [...] Read more.

Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a leading cause of preterm birth and significant neonatal morbidity. The vaginal microbiome is implicated in its pathogenesis, but its detailed characteristics and functional consequences remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive, multi-faceted analysis of the vaginal microbiome and its functional potential in pregnant women with PPROM compared to healthy term controls. We collected vaginal fluid samples from eight PPROM and seven healthy control (HC) pregnant women. The vaginal microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We assessed community composition and state types (CSTs), alpha and beta diversity, co-occurrence networks, and predicted functional pathways using PICRUSt2. A molecular bacterial vaginosis (molBV) score was also calculated to determine the clinical relevance of the dysbiosis. The PPROM microbiome was characterized by a significant depletion of Lactobacillus crispatus–dominated communities (CST I) and a shift towards L. iners–dominated (CST III) or polymicrobial (CST IV) communities, which was consistent with a BV-positive molBV score. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in the PPROM group, and beta diversity analysis confirmed a distinct microbial structure between the two groups. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a collapse of the protective, Lactobacillus-centered network in the PPROM group, which was replaced by a densely interconnected network of anaerobic bacteria with Gardnerella vaginalis as a key hub. Functionally, the PPROM microbiome was enriched for amino acid biosynthesis pathways, in contrast to the HC group, which was enriched for nucleotide and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. PPROM appears to be linked with a complex vaginal dysbiosis that encompasses significant alterations in microbial composition, diversity, interactions, and functional potential. These findings highlight the vaginal microbiome as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of PPROM and suggest its potential for risk stratification and as a therapeutic target to improve pregnancy outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Emerging Role of Microbiota in Health and Diseases)

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14 pages, 1530 KB

Open AccessArticle

miR-129 as a Molecular Biomarker in Gastric Cancer and Its Association with Neurodegenerative and Vascular Pathology

by Sabrina Birsan, Adrian-Gheorghe Boicean, Paula Anderco, Cristian Ichim, Samuel Bogdan Todor, Roman Iulian, Blanca Grama, Anca-Rafila Stîngaciu, Olga Brusnic, Tiberia Ilias and Corina Roman-Filip

Life 2025, 15(10), 1603; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101603 - 14 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: MicroRNA-129 (miR-129) is a tumor suppressor involved in regulating oncogenic pathways, but its role in gastric adenocarcinoma and its potential connections to vascular and neurological dysfunction remain insufficiently defined. Objectives: To assess gastric juice-derived miR-129 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for [...] Read more.

Background: MicroRNA-129 (miR-129) is a tumor suppressor involved in regulating oncogenic pathways, but its role in gastric adenocarcinoma and its potential connections to vascular and neurological dysfunction remain insufficiently defined. Objectives: To assess gastric juice-derived miR-129 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer and to explore its associations with systemic inflammation, vascular impairment, and neurodegenerative changes. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 38 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (22 with histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma, 16 controls). Gastric juice was aspirated prior to biopsy, and miR-129-2-3p expression was quantified by means of RT-qPCR normalized to U6 RNA. Tumor stage, serum biomarkers (CEA, CA 19-9, LDH, and CRP), carotid index (Doppler ultrasound), and neuroimaging (MRI) were recorded. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U, ROC curve analysis, and correlation testing. Results: miR-129 expression was significantly reduced in gastric cancer compared with controls (ANOVA: F(3,34) = 3.70, p = 0.021, η² = 0.25). ΔCt values increased progressively from controls to T2–T4 tumors, indicating stage-dependent downregulation. ROC analysis demonstrated moderate diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI 0.54–0.92). Lower miR-129 levels correlated inversely with serum tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9), LDH, and CRP. Patients with elevated carotid index (>1.3) and abnormal brain imaging findings exhibited significantly lower miR-129 expression (both p < 0.05). Conclusion: Gastric juice-derived miR-129 is downregulated in gastric adenocarcinoma, with progressive decline across tumor stages. Its inverse association with systemic tumor and inflammatory markers, as well as vascular and neurological impairment, suggests that miR-129 may function as a minimally invasive, multi-system biomarker for integrated cancer and vascular–neurological risk assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Novel Biomarkers and Emerging Immune/Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors)

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18 pages, 1242 KB

Open AccessReview

Chronic Insomnia and Stroke Risk—A Real Bidirectional Issue

by Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu, Maria Delia Alexe, Gavril Lucian Gheorghievici and Roxana Nartea

Life 2025, 15(10), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101602 - 14 Oct 2025

Abstract

Chronic insomnia is a prevalent and disabling sleep disorder with growing evidence linking it to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and a long-term disability worldwide, may be influenced by sleep disturbances through multiple physiological mechanisms. While traditional risk [...] Read more.

Chronic insomnia is a prevalent and disabling sleep disorder with growing evidence linking it to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and a long-term disability worldwide, may be influenced by sleep disturbances through multiple physiological mechanisms. While traditional risk factors such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle remain dominant drivers of stroke burden, accumulating evidence suggests that sleep disturbances, particularly chronic insomnia, may act as both independent risk factors for incident stroke and as outcomes of cerebrovascular injury. Chronic insomnia, affecting approximately 10% of the global population, is characterized by persistent difficulties with sleep initiation, maintenance, or quality, accompanied by daytime dysfunction. Beyond its impact on quality of life and mental health, insomnia has been linked to cardiometabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Importantly, sleep disturbances after stroke can impair recovery and functional outcomes, underscoring a bidirectional relationship between stroke and sleep. Several recent reviews have examined the connection between insomnia and stroke. Our review differs by focusing specifically on (1) the stroke-specific epidemiological evidence for chronic insomnia as a risk factor, (2) the bidirectional interplay between insomnia and post-stroke sleep disturbances, and (3) the role of emerging technologies in monitoring and prognosis. By addressing these gaps, we aim to refine the current understanding and highlight priorities for future research and clinical translation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Diseases: Prevention, Diagnostics, Treatment and Rehabilitation)

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20 pages, 2374 KB

Open AccessReview

Serous Papillary Adenofibroma Cyst of the Ovary in a Young Woman: Case Report and Literature Review

by Laurențiu Augustus Barbu, Liliana Cercelaru, Valeriu Șurlin, Stelian-Stefaniță Mogoantă, Tiberiu Stefăniță Țenea Cojan, Nicolae-Dragoș Mărgăritescu, Ana-Maria Țenea Cojan, Mihai Popescu, Valentina Căluianu, Gabriel Florin Răzvan Mogoș and Liviu Vasile

Life 2025, 15(10), 1601; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101601 - 14 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Serous papillary adenofibroma cyst (SPAC) of the ovary is a rare benign epithelial tumor that can mimic borderline or malignant ovarian neoplasms. Reports in young women are particularly scarce. Purpose: The aim of this study is to present a rare clinical case [...] Read more.

Background: Serous papillary adenofibroma cyst (SPAC) of the ovary is a rare benign epithelial tumor that can mimic borderline or malignant ovarian neoplasms. Reports in young women are particularly scarce. Purpose: The aim of this study is to present a rare clinical case of ovarian SPAC in a young woman and to review the existing literature, highlighting diagnostic challenges and implications for fertility-preserving management. Methods: We present a clinical case of ovarian SPAC in a 41-year-old woman and conducted a narrative literature review. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify reports published between 2000 and 2025. Additional relevant articles were also identified through manual screening of reference lists from selected papers. Results: MRI revealed a well-encapsulated septated cystic lesion with solid nodular components and post-contrast enhancement. Tumor markers, including CA 19-9, were elevated. Laparoscopic surgery with intraoperative frozen section confirmed the diagnosis of SPAC, allowing fertility-preserving management. Histopathology established the final diagnosis. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the importance of considering SPAC in the differential diagnosis of complex adnexal masses. Early recognition and intraoperative frozen section can guide conservative surgical strategies, avoiding overtreatment and preserving reproductive potential in young patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstetrics and Gynecology Medicine: From Bench to Bedside—2nd Edition)

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23 pages, 776 KB

Open AccessReview

PDE4-Selective Inhibition in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Fibrosis: Different Agents or Different Targets?

by Graeme B. Bolger

Life 2025, 15(10), 1600; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15101600 - 14 Oct 2025

Abstract

Highly selective inhibitors of the members of the cAMP-selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, or PDE4 family, have shown clinically meaningful activity in two different classes of lung disease: roflumilast in obstructive lung disease, specifically chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nerandomilast in restrictive lung [...] Read more.

Highly selective inhibitors of the members of the cAMP-selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, or PDE4 family, have shown clinically meaningful activity in two different classes of lung disease: roflumilast in obstructive lung disease, specifically chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nerandomilast in restrictive lung diseases characterized by inflammation/fibrosis of the alveolar interstitium, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). The beneficial therapeutic benefit of these agents in both of these disorders suggests that they share a common mechanism that underlies their effects on different pulmonary cells and tissues. This review outlines the biochemical, pharmacologic and cellular effects of PDE4-selective inhibitors, emphasizing their role in signal transduction pathways common to many pulmonary cell types. It then compares and contrasts the myriad cellular effects of these agents and their effects in pre-clinical animal models of these disorders. The emerging data are compatible with PDE4-selective inhibitors having targets of action in a large number of pulmonary cell types, only a subset of which is dysregulated in either COPD or IPF. This suggests that differences between the benefits observed with these individual agents in their various clinical indications reflect differences in disease pathogenesis, rather than proven differences in the enzyme-inhibitory effects of the various PDE4 inhibitors that have been studied to date. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Physiology and Pathology)

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