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Recent Articles  

21 pages, 2883 KB  
Article
A Comparison Between Passive-Controlled Natural Ventilation vs. Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery
by Carlo Volf and Kristoffer Negendahl
Air 2025, 3(4), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/air3040031 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
A large proportion of the existing building stock in northern Europe is facing energy renovation in the coming years. In this process, existing architecture in cold and temperate climates, originally designed for natural ventilation, is renovated, implementing mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, in [...] Read more.
A large proportion of the existing building stock in northern Europe is facing energy renovation in the coming years. In this process, existing architecture in cold and temperate climates, originally designed for natural ventilation, is renovated, implementing mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, in the belief that mechanical ventilation performs better than natural ventilation. Yet, can natural ventilation outperform mechanical ventilation when comparing life cycle carbon emissions, cost, and indoor environmental parameters? This study compares two different ventilation strategies in a full-scale renovation of two identical Danish residential buildings: (1) natural ventilation with passive controlled NOTECH ventilation and two-layered high-transmittance windows vs. (2) mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and three-layered low energy windows. The study compares energy performance, life cycle carbon footprint, capital cost investments, payback period, and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Under the observed conditions, the results show that natural ventilation outperforms mechanical ventilation when it comes to energy consumption for heating (MWh), global warming potential (t. CO2-equivalent), and total costs, while mechanical ventilation has a slightly higher indoor environmental quality. The study shows that two-layered windows and natural ventilation, based on passive solar heating, can reduce the global warming potential and act as a viable alternative to three-layered windows and mechanical ventilation when renovating existing building stock. Full article
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6 pages, 177 KB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Molecular Regulation of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Plants”
by Guzel Kudoyarova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311369 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Drought and salinity are the main environmental factors reducing plant growth, productivity and crop yields [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Regulation of Drought and Salinity Tolerance in Plants)
14 pages, 1367 KB  
Article
Reverse Buffering Effects of Active Coping on Suicidal Ideation in Bullied Adolescents: Age Cohort Differences
by Sichen Liu, Qing Xiong, Ya Gao, Le Wang and Quanlei Yu
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15121619 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Previous research indicates that bullying victimization is a key predictor of adolescent suicidal ideation. From the perspective of the Integrated Motivational–Volitional (IMV) model, active coping strategies may buffer the feelings of defeat and humiliation caused by bullying victimization, thereby mitigating the emergence of [...] Read more.
Previous research indicates that bullying victimization is a key predictor of adolescent suicidal ideation. From the perspective of the Integrated Motivational–Volitional (IMV) model, active coping strategies may buffer the feelings of defeat and humiliation caused by bullying victimization, thereby mitigating the emergence of suicidal ideation. However, this buffering effect weakens as the severity of bullying increases, reflecting a reverse buffering pattern. Moreover, due to developmental differences in the effectiveness of coping under varying levels of bullying severity, this moderating effect is further influenced by age cohort. To investigate the moderating role of active coping strategies and the moderating effect of age cohort (early-to-middle adolescents vs. late-age adolescents) in the bullying victimization–suicidal ideation relationship, we collected data from 3227 Chinese students, measuring bullying victimization, suicidal ideation, active coping strategies, age and other demographic variables. The results revealed that (a) bullying victimization was significantly and positively associated with suicidal ideation and (b) active coping significantly buffered this relationship; however, the buffering effect weakened as bullying severity increased, and (c) the reverse buffering effect of active coping was significant among early-to-middle-aged adolescents but not among late-age adolescents. This study offers important implications for designing targeted prevention and intervention strategies to reduce suicidal ideation among youth exposed to bullying. Full article
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16 pages, 5563 KB  
Article
Multiscale Investigation on the Mechanical Enhancement Mechanisms of In Situ Polymerization Modified Cementitious Materials
by Lei Chen, Yihang Hu, Yujie Mao, Min Qiao, Changcheng Li, Jian Zhang, Yang Chu and Xin Shu
Buildings 2025, 15(23), 4246; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15234246 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
The low flexural strength and high brittleness of cement-based materials greatly compromise their safety, durability, and service life. In situ polymerization is a promising strategy for enhancing the toughness of cement-based materials. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this mechanical improvement remain insufficiently [...] Read more.
The low flexural strength and high brittleness of cement-based materials greatly compromise their safety, durability, and service life. In situ polymerization is a promising strategy for enhancing the toughness of cement-based materials. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this mechanical improvement remain insufficiently understood. This study introduces acrylamide (AM) monomer into a cement matrix, where in situ polymerization forms a strong polymer–cement network, demonstrably enhancing mechanical performance. The factors influencing this mechanical enhancement were investigated across multiple scales using techniques including nanoindentation, crack width measurement, solid-state silicon nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and so on. This research confirms that in situ polymerization influences silicate chain length (from 3.405 to 3.714) and pore structure at the nanoscale, modifies the morphology of hydration products, enhances the hardness of the interfacial transition zone (0.025 ± 0.002 to 0.055 ± 0.004 GPa) at the microscale, and reveals that at monomer concentrations below 1 wt%, both the compressive and flexural strengths of the cement-based material are improved, with 28d compressive and flexural strength increasing by 23.86% and 26.58%, respectively. Conversely, higher monomer dosages lead to a simultaneous reduction in both compressive and flexural strengths. Consequently, through tracking the hydration process on the mechanical properties of cement-based materials across multiple scales, this study provides deeper insights into the in situ polymerization system and offers an effective strategy for the design and preparation of high-performance concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
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19 pages, 251 KB  
Article
Best Practices in Rendering Services to Women Survivors of Human Trafficking: A South African Perspective
by Sipho Sibanda and Juliet Sambo
Societies 2025, 15(12), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15120325 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
South Africa is facing serious challenges in addressing the needs of women survivors of human trafficking. Trafficked women often experience health issues, physical, sexual, psychological, economic, and social abuse. Women trafficking is a multidisciplinary problem that needs the involvement of a wide range [...] Read more.
South Africa is facing serious challenges in addressing the needs of women survivors of human trafficking. Trafficked women often experience health issues, physical, sexual, psychological, economic, and social abuse. Women trafficking is a multidisciplinary problem that needs the involvement of a wide range of actors to intervene and render holistic services. Based on a qualitative study conducted at five residential facilities for women in South Africa, this article highlights best practices in rendering services to women survivors of human trafficking. Data was collected from social service providers using one-on-one interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the best practices for rendering effective services to women survivors of human trafficking include rendering services that have an emphasis on emotional containment, prevalence of basic counselling, active referral for medical and other services, and ensuring accurate assessment of the needs and concerns of women survivors of human trafficking. Furthermore, the best practices include establishing a one-stop, all-inclusive service centre; engaging women in skills development and empowerment activities; and ensuring collaboration between all stakeholders involved in rendering services to women survivors of human trafficking. The conclusion is that best practices in rendering effective services to women survivors of human trafficking require an interplay of systems and the presence of sufficient institutional and infrastructural arrangements. Full article
24 pages, 1330 KB  
Article
Evaluation and Prediction of Big Data-Driven Marine Ecological Restoration Effect Based on CRITIC-IGA Hybrid Model
by Juanjuan Dai, Jing Fang, Shanshan Zheng and Yurong Ouyang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(12), 2241; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13122241 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
The marine ecosystem is facing multiple threats such as pollution, overfishing, and coastal erosion, and an objective and quantifiable assessment method of restoration effect is urgently needed. However, the existing models mostly rely on subjective weighting or are difficult to cope with the [...] Read more.
The marine ecosystem is facing multiple threats such as pollution, overfishing, and coastal erosion, and an objective and quantifiable assessment method of restoration effect is urgently needed. However, the existing models mostly rely on subjective weighting or are difficult to cope with the uncertainty and high-dimensional nonlinear characteristics of ecological data. In this paper, a multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model combining Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) objective weighting and improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed to evaluate and predict the effect of marine ecological restoration driven by big data. The model is based on more than 10,000 multi-source spatio-temporal data of eight restoration projects (including mangroves and wetland coastlines) in typical coastal cities of China from 2015 to 2023. The uncertainty of ecological indicators is represented by a fuzzy membership function, and the weights are dynamically optimized in a data-driven way. The results show that this method significantly improves the objectivity, robustness, and adaptability of the assessment, and can more truly reflect the temporal and spatial differentiation of the restoration effect, which provides strong support for the dynamic optimization of the restoration scheme, the precise allocation of resources to the scientific management decision, and promotes the sustainable development of the green marine economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Ecology)
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31 pages, 414 KB  
Article
Board Tenure and Specific Skills as Determinants of ESG Reporting: Evidence from ASEAN Listed Companies
by Bella and Arie Pratama
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(12), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18120667 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of board characteristics—specifically board tenure and board-specific skills—on the quality of ESG reporting among listed firms in five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines) from 2021 to 2023. Using panel data of 609 firms (1827 [...] Read more.
This study investigates the influence of board characteristics—specifically board tenure and board-specific skills—on the quality of ESG reporting among listed firms in five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines) from 2021 to 2023. Using panel data of 609 firms (1827 firm-year observations) obtained from Refinitiv Eikon, ESG reporting is measured through the reporting score, while board tenure is proxied by the average years of directors’ service and board-specific skills by the proportion of directors with financial or industry expertise. The analysis employs fixed-effects regression with firm-level clustered standard errors to account for unobserved heterogeneity and robust inference. The findings reveal that board tenure has no significant effect on ESG reporting, suggesting that accumulated experience does not necessarily enhance disclosure. In contrast, board-specific skills exhibit a positive and significant impact, highlighting the importance of technical competence in driving transparency. Control variables show that firm age contributes positively to ESG disclosure, while robustness checks confirm the stability of results across alternative specifications and clustering dimensions. Sub-sample country analyses further indicate institutional variations, with board expertise mattering more in Singapore and Indonesia, and firm age in Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. The study offers theoretical and policy implications for strengthening governance reforms and advancing ESG transparency in emerging markets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainability and Finance)
15 pages, 1234 KB  
Article
A 0.6-V All-Digital Temperature Sensor with Reduced Supply Sensitivity
by Hui Zhou, Yi Wang and Shuang Xie
Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7181; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237181 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
The present work introduces a 0.6-volt, all-digital, synthesizable temperature sensor characterized by reduced sensitivity to supply voltage variations. The design incorporates two distinct logic delay lines that are distinguished by their equivalent transistor lengths. These variations in transistor lengths result in varying threshold [...] Read more.
The present work introduces a 0.6-volt, all-digital, synthesizable temperature sensor characterized by reduced sensitivity to supply voltage variations. The design incorporates two distinct logic delay lines that are distinguished by their equivalent transistor lengths. These variations in transistor lengths result in varying threshold voltages and thermal dependencies. The difference in thermal dependency is detected through the ratio of their charging currents, which are subsequently transformed into digital outputs via their propagation delays. By employing two types of delay lines, the sensor achieves an eightfold reduction in power supply sensitivity compared to configurations utilizing a single delay line and also obviates the necessity for an external clock. Fabricated with 55 nm CMOS technology, the proposed sensor exhibits an inaccuracy of ±1 °C, evaluated through global linear fitting and two-point calibration across five chips, within a temperature range of 20 to 90 °C. The all-digital temperature sensor consumes 2 nanojoules (nJ) for each conversion, with a conversion duration of 0.8 milliseconds (ms) and a resolution of 0.2 °C. The prototype’s physical dimensions are 37 × 31 μm2. Additionally, synthesis on a Cyclone IV FPGA reveals similar characteristics in terms of supply sensitivity reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Circuits and Sensing Technologies: Second Edition)
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21 pages, 1992 KB  
Article
Protein Levels of 16 Cytochrome P450s and 2 Carboxyl Esterases Using Absolute Quantitative Proteomics: CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 Are the Most Abundant Isoforms in Human Liver and Intestine, Respectively
by Alexia Grangeon, Matthew L. Arwood, David Thacker, Fleur Gaudette, Jacques Turgeon and Veronique Michaud
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(12), 1789; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121789 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Metabolic enzymes are crucial for the detoxification of exogenously administered drugs, especially enzymes expressed in the intestine and the liver. Recent advancements in analytical methodologies enable sensitive and specific quantitative measurements of proteins, facilitating a more accurate evaluation of their expression [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Metabolic enzymes are crucial for the detoxification of exogenously administered drugs, especially enzymes expressed in the intestine and the liver. Recent advancements in analytical methodologies enable sensitive and specific quantitative measurements of proteins, facilitating a more accurate evaluation of their expression and relative contribution to drug metabolism. Methods: The aim of the study was to characterize the protein expression levels of 16 Cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) and 2 carboxylesterases (CESs) in human liver and intestinal tissues using absolute quantification by HPLC-MS/MS. Human hepatocytes (HHEP) and human liver microsomes (HLM) were utilized, along with a novel intestinal preparation from cryopreserved human intestinal mucosa (CHIM), to perform proteomic analyses. Results: A comprehensive evaluation of 16 CYP450s and 2 CES enzyme expression in human liver and intestinal tissues is provided to reflect their relative abundance. Among the various in vitro systems evaluated, 14 of 16, 15/16, and 7/16 CYP450 of the isoforms analyzed were detected in HHEP, HLM, and CHIM, respectively. In hepatic systems, CYP2C9 exhibited the highest expression among CYP450 isoforms, a trend consistently observed in both HHEP and HLM. CYP3A4 was the most abundantly expressed isoform in CHIM preparations. Across all systems tested, CES1 and CES2 showed the highest overall protein expression levels, surpassing those of the CYP450s. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the absolute quantification method employed is reliable, producing consistent results across two different in vitro hepatic systems (HHEP and HLM). This study supports the utility of absolute quantification approaches for accurately profiling drug-metabolizing enzymes and provides new, valuable insights to improve in vitro/in vivo extrapolation and more informed predictive pharmacokinetic modeling strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Modeling in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics)
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16 pages, 1582 KB  
Article
Monitoring Inhibition of Hemoglobin Peroxidase Activity After Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Using an Electrochemical Biosensor
by Alfonso Sequeda-Juárez, Flor Cortés-Ortegón, Diego Ortega-Picazo, José Antonio García-García, Ana María Espinosa-García and Celia Sánchez-Pérez
Biosensors 2025, 15(12), 767; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15120767 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
This work presents a catalysis-based electrochemical biosensor to evaluate the peroxidase-like activity of methemoglobin (Hb-PLA) after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) at different time intervals. The system consists of a microelectrode array coupled with a PDMS chamber containing a methemoglobin solution (biorecognition element). [...] Read more.
This work presents a catalysis-based electrochemical biosensor to evaluate the peroxidase-like activity of methemoglobin (Hb-PLA) after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) at different time intervals. The system consists of a microelectrode array coupled with a PDMS chamber containing a methemoglobin solution (biorecognition element). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as the substrate, while 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) functions as the chromogenic substrate for the Hb-PLA through its oxidation reaction. A spectrophotometric technique is used as a reference method to assess the catalytic activity of methemoglobin. Positive control samples exhibited higher absorbance, indicating strong catalytic activity, whereas CS-exposed samples showed a marked reduction, which was confirmed by the negative control. Cyclic voltammetry revealed significant alterations in the oxidation and reduction peaks of the CS-exposed samples. Therefore, chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the charge transfer as the electrochemical response associated with Hb-PLA, yielding a sensitivity of 0.86 ± 0.06 (%Hb-PLA/mC) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 (mC). The results demonstrate that cigarette smoke impairs the Hb-PLA in a time-dependent manner, with longer exposure reducing the activity by up to 25%. The proposed biosensor provides a rapid, sensitive, and straightforward strategy for detecting functional alterations in solutions of methemoglobin induced by environmental pollutants such as cigarette smoke. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioassays and Biosensors for Rapid Detection and Analysis (2nd Edition))
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29 pages, 4774 KB  
Systematic Review
Effectiveness of Digital Health Tools for Asthma Self-Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
by Claudia Lorena Perlaza, Stephania Mina Rojas, Laura Daniela Choco, María Paula Paz González, Freiser Eceomo Cruz Mosquera and Yamil Liscano
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12471; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312471 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a global public health challenge, and although guidelines recommend self-management programs, their implementation is limited. Digital health tools, such as mobile applications and web platforms, have emerged as promising solutions to improve self-management, adherence, and monitoring. However, the evidence [...] Read more.
Background: Asthma is a global public health challenge, and although guidelines recommend self-management programs, their implementation is limited. Digital health tools, such as mobile applications and web platforms, have emerged as promising solutions to improve self-management, adherence, and monitoring. However, the evidence on their effectiveness is heterogeneous and often presents methodological limitations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the current evidence on the efficacy of these tools in asthma management. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in six databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2010 and 2025. Twenty-six RCTs that evaluated digital interventions in pediatric and adult patients with asthma were included. The outcomes of interest were asthma control, pulmonary function, symptom-free days, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Results: Digital tools showed a statistically significant improvement in pulmonary function, specifically in FEV1 (SMD: 1.53; p = 0.007) and the FEV1/FVC ratio (SMD: 1.20; p = 0.02). No significant effects were found on asthma control, PEF, symptom-free days, or HRQoL in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analyses revealed that remote supervision significantly improved asthma control, and mobile applications improved HRQoL. Conclusions: Digital health interventions are a promising complement for asthma management, notably improving pulmonary function. Their effectiveness on other clinical outcomes appears to depend on factors such as the supervision mode and the type of tool. More standardized research is needed to confirm these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Digital Health and Bioengineering: From Smart Sensors to AI-Driven Solutions)
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32 pages, 28258 KB  
Article
Machine Learning-Based Classification of ICU-Acquired Neuromuscular Weakness: A Comparative Study in Survivors of Critical Illness
by David Estévez-Freire, Ivan Cangas, Andrés Tirado-Espín, Johanna Pozo-Neira, Fernando Villalba-Meneses, Diego Almeida-Galárraga and Omar Alvarado-Cando
Life 2025, 15(12), 1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15121802 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Classifying the severity of intensive-care-unit-acquired muscle atrophy (ICU-AW) is essential for early prognosis and individualized neurorehabilitation, improving functional outcomes in survivors of critical illness. This study evaluated and compared advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms for classifying neuromuscular atrophy in neurocritical patients. Clinical, biochemical, [...] Read more.
Classifying the severity of intensive-care-unit-acquired muscle atrophy (ICU-AW) is essential for early prognosis and individualized neurorehabilitation, improving functional outcomes in survivors of critical illness. This study evaluated and compared advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms for classifying neuromuscular atrophy in neurocritical patients. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, and morphometric data from 198 neuro-ICU patients were retrospectively analyzed. Six supervised ML models—Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), TPOT AutoML, AdaBoost, and Multinomial Logistic Regression—were trained using stratified cross-validation, synthetic oversampling, and hyperparameter optimization. Among the most outstanding models, SVM achieved the best performance (accuracy = 93%, ROC-AUC = 0.95), followed by MLP (accuracy = 82.8%, ROC-AUC = 0.93) and XGBoost (accuracy = 80%, ROC-AUC = 0.94). Stability analyses across random seeds confirmed the robustness of SVM and TPOT, with the highest median AUPRC (>0.90). Explainable AI methods (LIME and SHAP) identified BMI, serum albumin, and body surface area as the most influential variables, showing physiologically consistent patterns associated with a classification of muscle loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology)
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14 pages, 1388 KB  
Article
Design of a Verification Device of Motor Axle Wheel Load Scales Based on Pump-Controlled Hydraulic Cylinder
by Long Hao, Zhipeng Xu, Bin Zhou and Gaoming Zhang
Sensors 2025, 25(23), 7180; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237180 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Vehicle axle load scales are one of the most important devices for vehicle safety testing. To ensure the stability and reliability of test results, regular calibration of axle load scales is necessary. Traditional calibration methods are inefficient and error-prone. In this work, an [...] Read more.
Vehicle axle load scales are one of the most important devices for vehicle safety testing. To ensure the stability and reliability of test results, regular calibration of axle load scales is necessary. Traditional calibration methods are inefficient and error-prone. In this work, an automatic calibration device for portable axle load scales was presented, which uses a pump-controlled hydraulic cylinder as a loading unit. The loading unit was controlled by a high-precision force sensor and a PLC. A hydraulic unit based on a servo motor and a gear pump was designed, and control software including automatic control, data acquisition, and report generation was developed. The experimental test was carried out. The results showed that the developed portable automatic calibration device could realize the automatic calibration of a 0~150 kN load range, and the accuracy level was up to ±0.3%. Finally, it was verified that the device had the advantages of compactness and lightweight and simple operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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14 pages, 398 KB  
Article
Improving Accuracy in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training: Results on Undergraduate Nursing School Students’ with OMNI2 Simulator
by Fani Alevrogianni, Anna Korompeli, Christos Triantafyllou, Theodoros Katsoulas, Panagiotis Koulouvaris and Pavlos Myrianthefs
Int. Med. Educ. 2025, 4(4), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/ime4040051 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a vital skill for healthcare professionals, crucial in life-saving situations. More than 80% of cardiac arrest cases occur out of hospital. As the demand for competent CPR practitioners grows, the effectiveness of training methods becomes increasingly important, especially for [...] Read more.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a vital skill for healthcare professionals, crucial in life-saving situations. More than 80% of cardiac arrest cases occur out of hospital. As the demand for competent CPR practitioners grows, the effectiveness of training methods becomes increasingly important, especially for undergraduate students preparing to enter the healthcare field. The primary objective of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of simulation-based teaching methods and by integrating innovative technologies, such as the OMNI2 simulator, to enhance practitioners’ performance and to improve the precision and objectivity of CPR instruction. A cohort of 144 undergraduate students from the Nursing School Department of the National Kapodistrian University of Athens participated in an 8 h Basic Life Support Seminar. It consisted of a 5 h theoretical instruction followed by 3 h of practical training using the OMNI2 simulator. Each student was tasked to identify cardiac arrest and to perform two cycles of CPR according to the 2021 guidelines. Metrics, including total session time, cycles performed, compression-to-ventilation ratio, compression depth, compressions and ventilations per minute, full recoil, peak inspiratory pressure, and ventilation duration, were measured and compared against the simulator’s preset targets. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for all outcomes. In conclusion, while simulation-based teaching has conventionally been proven effective for CPR proficiency, real-time data collected in this study reveal a disparity between anticipated and actual performance. Our research underscores the necessity of refining instructional methods to enhance skill acquisition, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancements in Medical Education)
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20 pages, 436 KB  
Article
Pythagorean Fuzzy-AHP (PF-AHP) Approach for Emerging New Risk Evaluation in China-West Africa Digital Trade Collaboration
by Mohammed Gadafi Tamimu, Shurong Zhao, Qianwen Xu, Jie Zhang and Xinyi Yin
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(4), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20040327 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
The rapid expansion of digital trade presents transformative opportunities for South-South cooperation, particularly between China and West Africa. However, emerging new risks in technological, institutional, and sociocultural domains pose significant challenges to sustainable e-business collaboration. This study proposes a Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy [...] Read more.
The rapid expansion of digital trade presents transformative opportunities for South-South cooperation, particularly between China and West Africa. However, emerging new risks in technological, institutional, and sociocultural domains pose significant challenges to sustainable e-business collaboration. This study proposes a Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PF-AHP) framework to evaluate and prioritize these risks under conditions of uncertainty and expert judgment ambiguity. By integrating fuzzy logic with AHP, the model effectively captures the vagueness and imprecision inherent in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). Expert assessments from professionals in digital trade, cybersecurity, and risk management were used to conduct pairwise comparisons across three primary risk categories: Technological, Institutional, and Sociocultural Risks. The results indicate that Institutional Risk (weight: 0.3488) holds the highest priority, followed by Sociocultural Risk (weight: 0.3268) and Technological Risk (weight: 0.3244), highlighting the critical influence of cultural alignment, consumer trust, and behavioral norms in cross-border digital collaboration. The PF-AHP approach enhances decision reliability by incorporating membership, non-membership, and indeterminacy degrees, offering a robust tool for risk assessment in complex digital supply chains. This research contributes to the discourse on equitable digital globalization and provides strategic insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to build inclusive, resilient, and mutually beneficial digital trade ecosystems between China and West Africa. Full article
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26 pages, 6403 KB  
Article
Passable Region Identification Method for Autonomous Mobile Robots Operating in Underground Coal Mine
by Ruojun Zhu, Chao Li, Haichu Qin, Yurou Wang, Chengyun Long and Dong Wei
Machines 2025, 13(12), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13121084 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of insufficient environmental perception capability of autonomous mobile robots and low multi-modal data fusion efficiency in the complex underground coal mine environment featuring low illumination, high dust, and dynamic obstacles, a reliable passable region identification method for autonomous mobile [...] Read more.
Aiming at the problems of insufficient environmental perception capability of autonomous mobile robots and low multi-modal data fusion efficiency in the complex underground coal mine environment featuring low illumination, high dust, and dynamic obstacles, a reliable passable region identification method for autonomous mobile robots operating in underground coal mine is proposed in this paper. Through the spatial synchronous installation strategy of dual 4D millimeter-wave radars and dynamic coordinate system registration technology, it increases point cloud density and effectively enhances the spatial characterization of roadway structures and obstacles. Combining the characteristics of infrared thermal imaging and the penetration advantage of millimeter-wave radar, a multi-modal data complementary mechanism based on decision-level fusion is proposed to solve the perceptual blind zones of single sensors in extreme environments. Integrated with lightweight model optimization and system integration technology, an intelligent environmental perception system adaptable to harsh working conditions is constructed. The experiments were carried out in the simulated tunnel. The experiments were carried out in the simulated tunnel. The experimental results indicate that the robot can utilize the data collected by the infrared camera and the radar to identify the specific distance to obstacles, and can smoothly achieve the recognition and marking of passable areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Key Technologies in Intelligent Mining Equipment)
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9 pages, 652 KB  
Article
Initial Outcomes from a Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery—Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (MICS-OPCAB) Programme: A Case Series of the First 50 Patients Single-Centre Experience
by Omar AlMawajdeh, Bilal H. Kirmani, Haytham Sabry and Andrew D. Muir
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(12), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12120456 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-OPCAB) offers potential advantages over conventional sternotomy, including reduced trauma and faster recovery. This study evaluates the safety and feasibility of MICS-OPCAB at our centre. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 50 consecutive MICS-OPCAB procedures performed via [...] Read more.
Background: Minimally invasive off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-OPCAB) offers potential advantages over conventional sternotomy, including reduced trauma and faster recovery. This study evaluates the safety and feasibility of MICS-OPCAB at our centre. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 50 consecutive MICS-OPCAB procedures performed via left anterior thoracotomy at our institution between January 2023 and June 2025. Data collected included patient demographics, operative details, and postoperative outcomes. Endpoints were 30-day mortality, conversion to sternotomy, and postoperative complications. Results: The cohort included 41 males (82%) with a mean age of 63.1 ± 8.7 years (range 40–80) and mean BMI 27.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2. Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus in 26%, COPD in 12%, and chronic kidney disease in 8%. Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina classes III–IV were present in 46%. The majority of patients (64%) had single-vessel CAD while 34% had two-vessel and 2% had three-vessel involvement. The mean Logistic EuroSCORE I was 2.19 ± 1.53. Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting was performed in 96% of cases. Additional conduits included left radial artery in 32% and saphenous vein in 8%, with T-grafts in 26% and sequential grafting in 4%. The average number of grafts per patient was 1.35 ± 0.53 (range 1–3). The procedure was performed off-pump in 96% of cases, with two patients (4%) requiring CPB support during conversion from mini-thoracotomy. The overall conversion rate to sternotomy was 16% (eight patients), predominantly due to difficult or injurious IMA harvest or anatomical limitations. The mean operative time was 197.8 ± 76.8 min and decreased significantly after the first 25 cases (220 min vs. 175 min). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 18%, pleural effusion in 28% (10% requiring drainage), and chest infection in 8%. Wound complications arose in 4%. There was no 30-day mortality. ICU stay averaged 2 ± 2.2 days (range 1–14), and total hospital stay was 5.7 ± 2.7 days where institutional coronary bypass stay is normally 7.9 +/− 7.0 days. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that MICS-OPCAB is a safe and feasible approach for selected patients requiring multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting. There are some technical challenges during the learning curve for which conversion to open surgery can confer good outcomes. Traversing the early learning curve can confer additional benefits to later patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Minimally Invasive Coronary Surgery)
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12 pages, 459 KB  
Article
Preventable Hospitalization and Primary Healthcare Visits Among Hypertensive Patients in Makkah City
by Turky Arbaein
Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3039; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233039 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: Hypertension-preventable hospitalizations are used internationally as indicators of primary healthcare centers (PHCs) performance. The Ministry of Health (MoH) in Saudi Arabia has recently implemented several programs to strengthen PHCs and reduce avoidable admissions. This study aimed to observe recent trends in healthcare [...] Read more.
Background: Hypertension-preventable hospitalizations are used internationally as indicators of primary healthcare centers (PHCs) performance. The Ministry of Health (MoH) in Saudi Arabia has recently implemented several programs to strengthen PHCs and reduce avoidable admissions. This study aimed to observe recent trends in healthcare utilization among hypertensive patients in Makkah City. Methods: A retrospective comparative time-trend analysis was conducted using aggregated monthly counts from individual-level records collected by the Makkah Health Cluster between January 2023 and May 2024. Data from 43 PHCs and all public hospitals were analyzed using segmented Poisson regression based on the AHRQ Prevention Quality Indicator #07 (PQI-07) for hypertension. Models included demographic covariates (age, sex, nationality) and a dummy variable to adjust for the Eid holiday period. Rates were calculated per 100,000 adults. Results: A total of 42,743 hypertension-related encounters were identified, including 2895 preventable hospitalizations and 39,848 PHC visits. Monthly analyses showed a 5.7% decline in preventable hospitalizations (IRR = 0.943; p < 0.001) and a 1.5% increase in PHC visits (IRR = 1.015; p < 0.001). Reductions were most pronounced among adults ≥ 65 years. Non-Saudis were significantly less likely to attend PHCs, reflecting public-sector eligibility differences. Conclusions: After controlling for Eid-related seasonal variation, the results indicate a favorable shift toward outpatient hypertension management in Makkah City. These findings align with Saudi Vision 2030 objectives of strengthening PHC and reducing preventable hospital burden. Further multi-regional studies integrating private-sector data are warranted to confirm national trends. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Chronic Care)
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29 pages, 5971 KB  
Review
The Ballet of Nature-Product: Carrier-Free “Triadic” Drug Delivery Platforms for Enhanced Tumor Treatment
by Liyan Yang and Zhonglei Wang
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(12), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16120433 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Cancer poses a considerable challenge to global public health and stands as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy provides limited benefits for advanced-stage cancer, mainly due to high systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Optimal cancer treatment requires a sophisticated, multidisciplinary collaboration [...] Read more.
Cancer poses a considerable challenge to global public health and stands as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy provides limited benefits for advanced-stage cancer, mainly due to high systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Optimal cancer treatment requires a sophisticated, multidisciplinary collaboration aimed at extending survival, enhancing quality of life, and reducing toxicity. Natural products present advantages, including a wide array of structural diversity, reduced toxicity, improved immune modulation, and the ability to act on multiple targets. Nanomedicine design shows promise in tumor treatment and diagnosis by improving efficacy and minimizing side effects. Due to the heterogeneity of tumors in genetics, metabolism, and microenvironment, natural product-based carrier-free drug delivery platforms have been actively investigated and demonstrated considerable potential for enhanced tumor treatment. “Triadic” strategies can simultaneously perform various functions on a carrier-free intelligent nanoplatform. These include combinational chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) with bioimaging and chemotherapy, PDT combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy, chemo-radio-theranostics, as well as gene therapy (GT) in conjunction with PTT and chemotherapy. This multifaceted approach enhances therapeutic efficacy, reduces multidrug resistance, and minimizes systemic toxicity. This review encompasses recent advancements in cancer therapy using carrier-free “triadic” nanomedicines based on natural products (between 2024 and 2025) and evaluates this evolving field, emphasizing the pivotal role of natural products—berberine, camptothecin, hypericin, erianin, curcumin, lactose, paclitaxel, gambogic acid, and glycyrrhizic acid—in drug delivery platforms. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and bottlenecks encountered by carrier-free drug delivery platforms, offering valuable insights into their development trajectories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 15th Anniversary of JFB—Advanced Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
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26 pages, 1097 KB  
Article
Exploring the Interplay of Life Attitude and Cognitive Ability in Shaping the Intention to Stock Market Participation Among Young Professionals in the Philippines
by Eugene Burgos Mutuc
Int. J. Financial Stud. 2025, 13(4), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13040222 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
The stability of life purpose and coherence as dimensions of life attitude shapes the cognitive structures underpinning financial decision-making. This study examines how cognitive ability mediates the effect of life attitude profile on the intention to stock-market participation of 195 randomly selected young [...] Read more.
The stability of life purpose and coherence as dimensions of life attitude shapes the cognitive structures underpinning financial decision-making. This study examines how cognitive ability mediates the effect of life attitude profile on the intention to stock-market participation of 195 randomly selected young professionals in the Philippines. This study adopted a quantitative, cross-sectional framework, employing Partial least squares–Structural Equation Modeling to evaluate both predictive and mediating influence. The findings revealed that individuals with stronger life purpose, greater goal-seeking tendencies, and an overall positive outlook toward life exhibit a higher propensity to participate in stock market investments. Cognitive ability, proxied by financial literacy, emerged as a crucial mechanism that reinforces this relationship—suggesting that psychological readiness alone is not sufficient unless complemented by the knowledge and capacity to make informed financial decisions. This study contributes to the intersection of psychology and finance by demonstrating that investment intentions are not solely products of rational calculation but are shaped by the individual’s sense of meaning, life orientation, and cognitive preparedness. Full article
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14 pages, 294 KB  
Article
Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance Parameters on Financial Performance of Firms: A Cross-Country Analysis
by Souvik Banerjee, Amarnath Mitra and Shalini Aggarwal
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(12), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18120666 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
The investor community has emphasized the role of firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices in the last few years. The present study is motivated by existing studies that have not provided conclusive evidence on the relationship between a firm’s ESG practices and [...] Read more.
The investor community has emphasized the role of firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices in the last few years. The present study is motivated by existing studies that have not provided conclusive evidence on the relationship between a firm’s ESG practices and financial performance and whether a country’s economic development status influences this relationship. This study used data from 1917 non-financial firms across the top 13 countries over 10 years to investigate. The results conclusively indicate that the ESG score, by and large, positively impacts firms’ financial performance. The further examination of the results shows that while the impact is positive in the context of developed countries, in the case of firms from emerging economies such as China and India, the ESG score does not impact their financial performance, indicating that for emerging economies, growth takes precedence over ESG concerns. Overall, this study concludes that a country’s economic development status does influence the relationship between a firm’s ESG practices and financial performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Sustainability and Firm Performance: Models, Practices and Policy Perspective)
30 pages, 3596 KB  
Review
Integrating Artificial Intelligence and BIM in Construction: Systematic Review and Quantitative Comparative Analysis
by Reinaldo Valdebenito and Eric Forcael
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(23), 12470; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152312470 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
In the transition toward a more digital and data-driven construction industry, understanding how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) are integrated is key to planning, delivering, and operating projects effectively. This review examines recent studies to identify usage patterns of AI [...] Read more.
In the transition toward a more digital and data-driven construction industry, understanding how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) are integrated is key to planning, delivering, and operating projects effectively. This review examines recent studies to identify usage patterns of AI and BIM. Searches were conducted on the Web of Science Core Collection from 2022 to 2025. After running a reproducible review protocol aligned with PRISMA 2020, which began with 1212 articles, and after a funneling process, 12 studies met the predefined eligibility criteria. In the present study, the synthesis was non-meta-analytic; instead, the information was analyzed by using standardized tabulation with a consistent format and compared using a two-level weighting scheme. The methodological approach combines full-text reading and descriptive coding with a reproducible weighting scheme that accounts for mentions per study and integrates them at the corpus level using open-source tools. The results show a strong focus on Deep Learning (DL), with a greater presence in Digital Twins (DT) and BIM Modeling (BIMM); Multidimensional BIM (4D/5D) appears as a secondary line, while the Common Data Environment (CDE) and Clash detection (CD) are sporadic. The coupling of DL-DT and DL-BIMM predominates. Simultaneously, Machine Learning (ML) provides explainable analysis on structured data, and Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) with Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) act as enablers for data generation/adaptation and deployment with traceability. It is concluded that advancing metrics and shared datasets, especially for CDE and CD, along with developing reproducible workflows oriented toward MLOps, are key to scaling AI in real-world environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Building Information Modeling Through Artificial Intelligence: Methods, Applications, and Challenges)
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4 pages, 145 KB  
Editorial
Emerging Insights into the Role of Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease Prevention
by Qingsong Li, Xuefeng Yu, Haobiao Liu, Liangjia Wang and Jing Han
Nutrients 2025, 17(23), 3678; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233678 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Trace elements, though required only in minute quantities, are indispensable for the proper functioning of biological systems [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A New Perspective: The Effect of Trace Elements on Human Health)
11 pages, 1319 KB  
Article
Common Molecular Detection of the Neglected Human Malaria Parasite Among Febrile Patients in Southern Regions in Senegal
by Babacar Souleymane Sambe, Serigne Ousmane Mbacké Diaw, Aissatou Diagne, Arona Sabène Diatta, Hélène Ataume Mawounge Diatta, Ibrahima Sarr, Rokhaya Sané, Patindé Yann Bianca Guigma, Bruno Senghor, Babacar Diouf, Papa Mbacke Sembene, Ines Vigan-Womas and Makhtar Niang
Pathogens 2025, 14(12), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14121201 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, Plasmodium falciparum is unequivocally responsible for almost all malaria cases and deaths. However, the long-neglected human P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae parasites also emerge as relevant, though their prevalence and contribution to the burden of the [...] Read more.
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, Plasmodium falciparum is unequivocally responsible for almost all malaria cases and deaths. However, the long-neglected human P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae parasites also emerge as relevant, though their prevalence and contribution to the burden of the disease are very poorly appreciated. This study aimed to bridge this gap and surveyed the circulation of non-falciparum malaria parasites among febrile patients in four regions in south Senegal. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 1990 febrile patients during the malaria transmission seasons of 2020, 2021, and 2022 in four southern regions in Senegal (Kedougou, Kolda, Tambacounda, and Ziguinchor). Genomic DNA was isolated and tested for Plasmodium infections by using a combination of Plasmodium genus-specific qPCR and Plasmodium species-specific nested PCR. Frequencies and distribution of Plasmodium species according to region, period, and patient demographics were analyzed using R. Spatial patterns of infection were further explored and visualized with QGIS software version 3.30.2. Results: The Plasmodium positivity rate was 73.43% of which 67.92% were unique Plasmodium species infections and 32.08% were co-infections by two or three Plasmodium species. The results described the ongoing circulation of all non-falciparum species in three of the four study regions, the non-detection of P. vivax and P. malariae parasites among the samples tested in Ziguinchor, the first evidence of non-falciparum infections in Kolda and Tambacounda, as well as the first report of P. ovale in Ziguinchor. Conclusions: Our data call on clinicians to account for these species in clinical prognoses, but also on the National Malaria Control Programme to consider these species in their policy of reducing the incidence of the disease with a view to eliminating malaria in Senegal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Parasitic Pathogens)
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38 pages, 501 KB  
Article
Internal Auditing in Urban Development: A Case Study of the Egyptian Public Sector
by Loai Ali Zeenalabden Ali Alsaid and Vera Krahmal
Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10537; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310537 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
This study examines the role of internal auditing in urban development within the Egyptian public sector, emphasising its contribution to governance and accountability in state-led projects. The research introduces a state-centric participatory audit approach tailored for urban development governance, diverging from traditional corporate-focused [...] Read more.
This study examines the role of internal auditing in urban development within the Egyptian public sector, emphasising its contribution to governance and accountability in state-led projects. The research introduces a state-centric participatory audit approach tailored for urban development governance, diverging from traditional corporate-focused models by integrating institutional alignment and public sector accountability mechanisms. Unlike existing participatory audit frameworks, this model emphasises cross-agency coordination and sustainability governance within the Egyptian public sector, addressing gaps in oversight and collaborative planning. Findings reveal that internal auditing serves as a critical mechanism for aligning institutional objectives, enhancing transparency, and fostering participatory governance in urban development initiatives. Furthermore, the study advances institutional alignment through enterprise resource planning (ERP)-enabled participatory auditing, offering a governance-oriented framework for sustainability oversight in the public sector. Practically, the findings provide actionable guidance for public sector managers on embedding sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs) into audit processes and leveraging ERP systems for real-time monitoring and assurance reporting. From a policy perspective, the study informs regulatory reforms and governance strategies aimed at institutionalising accountability and participatory oversight in large-scale urban development projects. These insights offer practical implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to strengthen accountability and sustainability in public sector development programs. Full article
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16 pages, 1365 KB  
Article
Dose-Dependent but Non-Interactive Effects of Ochratoxin A and Selenomethionine on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens
by Szabina Kulcsár, Krisztián Balogh, Erika Zándoki, Edward Agyarko, Omeralfaroug Ali, Benjámin Kövesi, Ágnes Freiler-Nagy, András Szabó and Miklós Mézes
Toxins 2025, 17(12), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17120568 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
This study examined the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure and graded dietary selenium (Se) supplementation on fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stress markers in the liver of broiler chickens. OTA is known to generate oxidative stress, promote lipid peroxidation, and affect [...] Read more.
This study examined the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure and graded dietary selenium (Se) supplementation on fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stress markers in the liver of broiler chickens. OTA is known to generate oxidative stress, promote lipid peroxidation, and affect the antioxidant system. Se, an essential trace element with antioxidant properties, may help counteract OTA-induced toxicity. In this short-term (5-day) in vivo feeding experiment, 21-day-old broiler chickens were divided into six groups, each with six birds: Control (diet free from Se), 0.3 mg/kg Se, 0.5 mg/kg Se, 2 mg/kg OTA, 2 mg/kg OTA + 0.3 mg/kg Se, 2 mg/kg OTA + 0.5 mg/kg Se. Our findings show that supplementing 0.3 mg/kg (p < 0.01) or 0.5 mg/kg Se (p < 0.001) in OTA-exposed birds significantly reduced the early oxidative stress markers (conjugated dienes and trienes) and significantly increased (0.3 mg/kg p < 0.01; 0.5 mg/kg p < 0.001) glutathione levels, indicating enhanced glutathione-dependent antioxidant protection. The treatments also significantly altered the ratio of monounsaturated and n6/n3 polyunsaturated FAs. OTA with 0.3 mg/kg Se supplementation significantly (p ˂ 0.05) reduced total unsaturation and FA average chain length. At a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, the interaction of Se and OTA altered the PUFA composition, while 0.5 mg/kg Se supplementation enhanced antioxidant defense and reduced lipid peroxidation. These results highlight the dual but separate role of Se, where inadequate doses may enhance OTA toxicity, while optimal supplementation may have a protective effect on hepatic lipid homeostasis. These findings can be used in the future progress of the mitigation strategy against OTA exposure in poultry nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Exposure)
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14 pages, 2564 KB  
Article
Characterization and Pathogenicity of Mannheimia glucosida Isolated from Sheep
by Qibing Gu, Min Gao, Taichun Gao, Youwen Yang, Xue Sha and Falong Yang
Microorganisms 2025, 13(12), 2676; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13122676 (registering DOI) - 25 Nov 2025
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Mannheimia are major pathogens of respiratory diseases in ruminants and pose a significant threat to the global ruminant industry. However, the biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of Mannheimia glucosida remain unclear. In this study, we isolated five strains of [...] Read more.
Bacteria of the genus Mannheimia are major pathogens of respiratory diseases in ruminants and pose a significant threat to the global ruminant industry. However, the biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of Mannheimia glucosida remain unclear. In this study, we isolated five strains of M. glucosida, which specifically hydrolyzed esculin, from sheep with respiratory disease in China. All five strains of M. glucosida were found to encode the adhesion-related gene adh and the anti-phagocytosis-related gene plpD, as determined by a virulence gene assay. Moreover, all M. glucosida isolates were resistant to streptomycin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, infB, and sodA genes showed that the sodA gene could be a valuable indication for the analysis of bacterial genetic evolution in the genus Mannheimia. By mouse modeling, M. glucosida D251 was further found to cause multiorgan damage with an LD50 of 1.35 × 106 CFU. Meanwhile, by combining whole genome sequencing with bioinformatic analysis, we found that the D251 genome encodes a large number of virulence and drug resistance genes. Finally, we established a highly sensitive and specific PCR assay for M. glucosida. Collectively, these results indicate that M. glucosida may be an important pathogen in respiratory disease in sheep in China and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Microbiology and Immunology)
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