Functional Adsorbents

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Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

The effective and selective isolation, separation, identification, or rational delivery of small and/or macromolecular compounds are highly important in our rapidly developing world. Thus, among smart materials, functional adsorbents could represent one of the most promising opportunities to develop adsorption processes. Due to the increasing evolution of functional materials, many types of adsorptive agents could be realized with versatile morphologies and physico-chemical properties. Due to the effective cooperation between the different scientific and industrial fields, the number and number of types of smart materials is rapidly growing, providing novel and sustainable materials with enhanced surface properties and stability. In this Topic, articles regarding different nanostructured materials, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanoporous materials, meso- and macro-porous particles, gels, and monolith structures related to the fields of environmental, synthetic, catalytic, biological, and pharmaceutical sciences are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Krisztina László
Dr. Diána Balogh-Weiser
Dr. Tamás Pardy
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
C carbon	3.9	1.6	2015	23.7 Days	CHF 1600
Catalysts catalysts	3.8	6.8	2011	13.9 Days	CHF 2200
Materials materials	3.1	5.8	2008	13.9 Days	CHF 2600
Molecules molecules	4.2	7.4	1996	15.1 Days	CHF 2700
Nanomaterials nanomaterials	4.4	8.5	2010	14.1 Days	CHF 2400
Polymers polymers	4.7	8.0	2009	14.5 Days	CHF 2700

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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All C Catalysts Materials Molecules Nanomaterials Polymers

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17 pages, 5057 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Adsorption of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Phase Using Chitosan–Palmer Amaranth Biochar Composite Microspheres

by Guiling Chen, Yitong Yin, Xianting Zhang, Andong Qian, Xiaoyang Pan, Fei Liu and Rui Li

Molecules 2024, 29(8), 1836; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081836 - 18 Apr 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1701

Abstract

To develop valuable applications for the invasive weed Palmer amaranth, we utilized it as a novel biochar source and explored its potential for methyl orange adsorption through the synthesis of chitosan-encapsulated Palmer amaranth biochar composite microspheres. Firstly, the prepared microspheres were characterized by [...] Read more.

To develop valuable applications for the invasive weed Palmer amaranth, we utilized it as a novel biochar source and explored its potential for methyl orange adsorption through the synthesis of chitosan-encapsulated Palmer amaranth biochar composite microspheres. Firstly, the prepared microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and were demonstrated to have a surface area of 19.6 m²/g, a total pore volume of 0.0664 cm³/g and an average pore diameter of 10.6 nm. Then, the influences of pH, dosage and salt type and concentration on the adsorption efficiency were systematically investigated alongside the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The results reveal that the highest adsorption capacity of methyl orange was obtained at pH 4.0. The adsorption process was well fitted by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, and was spontaneous and endothermic. Through the Langmuir model, the maximal adsorption capacities of methyl orange were calculated as 495.0, 537.1 and 554.3 mg/g at 25.0, 35.0 and 45.0 °C, respectively. Subsequently, the adsorption mechanisms were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations. It is indicated that electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions and hydrophobic interactions between methyl orange and the composite microspheres were pivotal for the adsorption process. Finally, the regeneration studies demonstrated that after five adsorption–desorption cycles, the microspheres still maintained 93.6% of their initial adsorption capacity for methyl orange. This work not only presents a promising method for mitigating methyl orange pollution but also offers a sustainable approach to managing Palmer amaranth invasion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Adsorbents)

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Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 2517 KiB)

17 pages, 5082 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Constructing of the Oxide Phase Diagram for Fluoride Adsorption on La-Fe-Al: A Collaborative Study of Density Functional Calculation and Experimentation

by Shaojian Xie, Yao Xiao, Lei Huang, Jiaxin Li, Jia Yan, Qian Li, Meng Li and Hongguo Zhang

Nanomaterials 2024, 14(7), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14070619 - 1 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1472

Abstract

In recent years, fluoride pollution in water is a problem that has attracted much attention from researchers. The removal of fluoride-containing wastewater by adsorption with metal oxide as an adsorbent is the most common treatment method. Based on this, the effect of the [...] Read more.

In recent years, fluoride pollution in water is a problem that has attracted much attention from researchers. The removal of fluoride-containing wastewater by adsorption with metal oxide as an adsorbent is the most common treatment method. Based on this, the effect of the doping ratio of La₂O₃, Fe₂O_3, and Al₂O₃ on the fluoride-removal performance was discussed by constructing a phase diagram. In this study, the adsorption mechanism of nanocrystalline lanthanum oxide terpolymer was investigated by density functional theory calculation and experiment. The optimal pH condition selected in the experiment was three, and the adsorption kinetics of fluoride ions were more consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption thermodynamics was more consistent with the Langmuir model. When the La-Fe-Al ternary composite oxides achieved the optimal adsorption efficiency for fluoride ions, the mass synthesis ratio was Al₂O₃:(Fe₂O₃:La₂O₃ = 1:2) = 1:100, resulting in a fluoride ion removal rate of up to 99.78%. Density functional calculations revealed that the La-Fe-Al ternary composite oxides had three important adsorption sites for La, Fe, and Al. Among them, the adsorption capacity for HF was Fe₂O₃ > La₂O₃ > Al₂O₃, and for F⁻ was La₂O₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₂O₃. This provided good guidance for designing adsorbents to remove fluoride. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Adsorbents)

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16 pages, 13710 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Polyether Amine Canopy Structure on Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption of Magnetic Solvent-Free Nanofluids

by Qi Zhang, Jian Zhang, Jian Shi and Ruilu Yang

Nanomaterials 2024, 14(6), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14060505 - 11 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1383

Abstract

Three Fe₃O₄ magnetic solvent-free nanofluids with different amine-based coronal layer structures are synthesized and characterized by using magnetic Fe₃O₄ as the core, silane coupling agent as the corona, and polyether amines with different graft densities and chain [...] Read more.

Three Fe₃O₄ magnetic solvent-free nanofluids with different amine-based coronal layer structures are synthesized and characterized by using magnetic Fe₃O₄ as the core, silane coupling agent as the corona, and polyether amines with different graft densities and chain lengths as the canopy. The concentration of heavy metal ions after adsorption is measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to study the effect of Fe₃O₄ magnetic solvent-free nanofluids on the adsorption performance of the heavy metal ions lead (Pb(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) in water. The adsorption of Fe₃O₄ magnetic solvent-free nanofluid was explored by changing external condition factors such as adsorption contact time and pH. Additionally, the adsorption model is established. The magnetic solvent-free nanofluid is separated from water by applying an external magnetic field to the system, and desorption and cyclic adsorption tests are carried out. Based on the adsorption mechanism, the structure design of Fe₃O₄ magnetic solvent-free nanofluid was optimized to achieve optimal adsorption performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Adsorbents)

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Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 642 KiB)

18 pages, 5066 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Natural Rubber/Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites as Efficient Adsorbents for the Selective Adsorption of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate and Caffeine from Green Tea

by Kamolwan Jermjun, Rujeeluk Khumho, Mookarin Thongoiam, Satit Yousatit, Toshiyuki Yokoi, Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai and Sakdinun Nuntang

Molecules 2023, 28(16), 6019; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166019 - 11 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1783

Abstract

(–)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a bioactive component of green tea that provides many health benefits. However, excessive intake of green tea may cause adverse effects of caffeine (CAF) since green tea (30–50 mg) has half the CAF content of coffee (80–100 mg). In [...] Read more.

(–)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a bioactive component of green tea that provides many health benefits. However, excessive intake of green tea may cause adverse effects of caffeine (CAF) since green tea (30–50 mg) has half the CAF content of coffee (80–100 mg). In this work, for enhancing the health benefits of green tea, natural rubber/hexagonal mesoporous silica (NR/HMS) nanocomposites with tunable textural properties were synthesized using different amine template sizes and applied as selective adsorbents to separate EGCG and CAF from green tea. The resulting adsorbents exhibited a wormhole-like silica framework, high specific surface area (528–578 m² g⁻¹), large pore volume (0.76–1.45 cm³ g⁻¹), and hydrophobicity. The NR/HMS materials adsorbed EGCG more than CAF; the selectivity coefficient of EGCG adsorption was 3.6 times that of CAF adsorption. The EGCG adsorption capacity of the NR/HMS series was correlated with their pore size and surface hydrophobicity. Adsorption behavior was well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that adsorption involved H-bonding interactions between the silanol groups of the mesoporous silica surfaces and the hydroxyl groups of EGCG and the carbonyl group of CAF. As for desorption, EGCG was more easily removed than CAF from the NR/HMS surface using an aqueous solution of ethanol. Moreover, the NR/HMS materials could be reused for EGCG adsorption at least three times. The results suggest the potential use of NR/HMS nanocomposites as selective adsorbents for the enrichment of EGCG in green tea. In addition, it could be applied as an adsorbent in the filter to reduce the CAF content in green tea by up to 81.92%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Adsorbents)

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15 pages, 6414 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Sorption of Polar Sorbates NH₃, H₂O, SO₂ and CO₂ on Selected Inorganic Materials

by Katarzyna Zarębska, Mikihiro Nomura, Marta Wolczko, Jakub Szczurowski, Bartłomiej Pawlak and Paweł Baran

Materials 2023, 16(13), 4853; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134853 - 6 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1700

Abstract

In this paper, the sorption of NH₃, H₂O, SO₂ and CO₂ was tested for several selected inorganic materials. The tests were performed on samples belonging to two topologies of materials, faujasite (FAU) and framework-type MFI, the structures [...] Read more.

In this paper, the sorption of NH₃, H₂O, SO₂ and CO₂ was tested for several selected inorganic materials. The tests were performed on samples belonging to two topologies of materials, faujasite (FAU) and framework-type MFI, the structures of which differ in pore size and connectivity. All sorbates are important in terms of reducing their emissions to the environment. They have different chemical nature: basic, alkaline, and acidic. They are all polar in structure and composition and two of them (ammonia and water vapor) can form hydrogen bonds. These differences result in different interactions with the surface of the adsorbents. This paper presents experimental data and proposes a mathematical description of the sorption process. The best fit of the experimental data was obtained for the Toth and GAB models. The studies showed that among the selected samples, faujasite has the best sorption capacity for ammonia and water vapor, while the best sorbent for sulfur dioxide is the MFI framework type. These materials behave like molecular sieves and can be used for quite selective adsorption of relevant gases. In addition, modification of the faujasite with organic silane resulted in a drastic reduction in the surface area of the sorbent, resulting in significantly lower sorption capacities for gases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Adsorbents)

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20 pages, 3160 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Synthesis and Evaluation of Porous Carbon Material from Corozo Fruit (Bactris guineensis) for Efficient Propranolol Hydrochloride Adsorption

by Dison Stracke Pfingsten Franco, Jordana Georgin, Claudete Gindri Ramos, Salma Martinez Eljaiek, Daniel Romero Badillo, Anelise Hoch Paschoalin de Oliveira, Daniel Allasia and Lucas Meili

Molecules 2023, 28(13), 5232; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135232 - 5 Jul 2023

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2408

Abstract

This study explores the potential of the corozo fruit (Bactris guineensis) palm tree in the Colombian Caribbean as a source for porous carbon material. Its specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size were obtained using N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms. [...] Read more.

This study explores the potential of the corozo fruit (Bactris guineensis) palm tree in the Colombian Caribbean as a source for porous carbon material. Its specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size were obtained using N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms. The images of the precursor and adsorbent surface were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained to detect the main functional groups present and an X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed in order to analyze the structural organization of the materials. By carbonizing the fruit stone with zinc chloride, a porous carbon material was achieved with a substantial specific surface area (1125 m² g⁻¹) and pore volume (3.241 × 10−¹ cm³ g⁻¹). The material was tested for its adsorption capabilities of the drug propranolol. The optimal adsorption occurred under basic conditions and at a dosage of 0.7 g L⁻¹. The Langmuir homogeneous surface model effectively described the equilibrium data and, as the temperature increased, the adsorption capacity improved, reaching a maximum of 134.7 mg g⁻¹ at 328.15 K. The model constant was favorable to the temperature increase, increasing from 1.556 × 10⁻¹ to 2.299 × 10⁻¹ L mg⁻¹. Thermodynamically, the adsorption of propranolol was found to be spontaneous and benefited from higher temperatures, indicating an endothermic nature (12.39 kJ mol⁻¹). The negative ΔG⁰ values decreased from −26.28 to −29.99 kJ mol⁻¹, with the more negative value occurring at 328 K. The adsorbent material exhibited rapid kinetics, with equilibrium times ranging from 30 to 120 min, depending on the initial concentration. The kinetics data were well-represented by the general order and linear driving force models. The rate constant of the general order model diminished from 1.124 × 10⁻³ to 9.458 × 10⁻¹⁴ with an increasing concentration. In summary, the leftover stone from the Bactris guineensis plant can be utilized to develop activated carbon, particularly when activated using zinc chloride. This material shows promise for efficiently adsorbing propranolol and potentially other emerging pollutants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Functional Adsorbents)

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